Pacific sunny morning. We are on the Black Sea coast, somewhere on the rocky coast, for example, at the foot of the Karadygian rocks.

These are the clock of complete silence, when the night wind from the land has not yet changed the day sea wind. Almost a fixed sea minimizes its colors, reflecting the sky and coastal cliffs lit by bright rays.

Nothing disrupts the serenity of the early morning. Lazily circling the winged predator high above the rocks. Even the troubles of seagulls swept and sit on the shore, as if waiting for something.

Quiet and on the seabed. Between the coastal cliffs is clearly visible on a large depth. Stems of brown algae barely pegs, their thick thickets resemble some kind of dwarf fantastic forest. From the stem of the naval grass, a sharp figurine of the sea skate was separated and, quickly wrapped in tiny fins, steer over the forest of algae. One of the stems suddenly moved and, smoothly curling, swam between the stones. Behind him is another. But it is not stems, but very thin fish-needles. Where less algae and bottom of the multicolored Karadagskaya pebbles are quickly penetrated, the cups of tiny fir kophali rush. From under the stone, making the water, stirring the clashes, crawling a huge black crab, confused in thought on the spot, fiercely looked at the underwater world by wriggled eyes and sideways under the other stone.

Silence and peace in nature involuntarily give rise to the idea of \u200b\u200bthe eternal inviolability of stone cliffs and rocks, praying on the coast. And it seems there is no such force that could destroy these fixed bulbs ...

But from the sea pulled a light breeze. The smallest ripple with long stripes covered the surface of the water. The sky is still clear, only far on the horizon, as if a lonely sail, a white cloud appeared.

It takes a few minutes. The cloud grows, branches, is made gray. Another instant - and, becoming completely lead, it is a huge clawed paw on the shore. The sun hid. Strong gusts of the wind tear the tops of the waves and throw them ashore. Rocks become wet and slippery.

The seagulls shot down into the air and with a cry, then falling, then waking up, quickly rush over the sea. The waves grow all and grow, and finally three-meter shafts are collapsed ashore. The stone from which we first watched the seabed, then the case disappears under their ridges. A minute, and the solid wall of the rain hid the horizon ...

If a biologist prefers silent weather for observations, then for a geologist who wants to see the action of external geological forces, the storm and shower give the richest material.

The shower produces a devastating work of a huge strength, especially in mountainous areas where water flows formed by shower are lowered at high speeds on the slopes of mountains, beams and mountain rivers, blurring and demolishing the closet amount of stone chip.

Most of all shallow particles of clay and sandy loose rocks are most. These particles are easily moved by aquatic streams that have even low speed. It is clear that the soil cover of the flames of the slopes suffers from the showers in the mountainous areas. Sometimes dozens of hectares of fertile soils are washed. At the same time, soils and other loose rocks saturated with moisture can form powerful mud streams-villages, terrible destructive power. Rushing on the slopes, sat down in their way of the gardens, vineyards and even whole villages.

However, such catastrophic phenomena is relatively rare. Usually, the removal of the surface waters of the smallest particles of rocks in the weighted water, and large debris - pebbles, cobblestones and boulders are moving, rolling through the bottom of the mountain rivers.

The entire debris material, washed off from the surface of the sushi, eventually takes place in the sea and deposit at its bottom. At the same time, it is rather naturally distributed on the seabed in the magnitude of the wreckage.

All visiting the Crimea know perfectly well that on the beach of the South Coast, as well as other places of the mountain coast a lot of fragments of rocks and pebbles of various sizes. If you go down to the bottom of the sea 100-150 meters from the pebble shore, it will be lined with small pebble (gravel) and large sand. At high depths, the bottom is covered with fine-grained sand, which with increasing depth is done all thinner and thinner, and at the depths reaching hundreds of meters, the bottom of the sea is covered with a solid layer of il.

Such a distribution of debris material on the seabed is explained by the unequal mobility of water. At the shores, in the zone of the surf, where the water is almost always in motion, sand particles and even more so can't cazen, only large pebbles remain in this zone. At the large depths where the excitement of the sea's surface does not affect so much on bottom sediments, for example, at a depth of 10-15 meters, sandy particles are postponed, and finally, at a depth of more than one hundred meters, where even the excitement of strong storms does not break the silence of bottom Waters - the smallest particles are precipitated with dimensions less than 0.01 millimeters. Only the bottom flows of large sea depths sometimes climb and move or are molded; Sediment.

Even or etched particles are almost not precipitated from the shores of the seabed, as much of the clay material is settled although at considerable depths, but closer to the shore from which it comes. Only the wind brought by the wind can be made on the seabed at a large distance from the coast.

There are and retreat from this pattern in the distribution of marine precipitation. For example, the Evpatoria beach does not contain a gallery and completely consists of sink sand; They are also selected and bottom for many hundred meters from the coast. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe surf on the Black Sea coast of the Kerch Peninsula in some places there are no sands, here from the shore itself to significant depths of the bottom of the sea are covered with or strong precipitation. This is explained by the fact that the land of the Evpatoria coast is composed of loose shell limestone and sandy-clay rocks, and the coast of the Kerch Peninsula placed only clays. It is clear that these loose rocks with blurred and destruction of surface waters are easily disintegrated by component fine-grained particles, without forming large debris and, thus, the zone of large-grass marine precipitation is missing here. The rocks of the mountain coast of the Crimea are composed with more ancient, compacted, tightly craneled sedimentary rocks and very durable - erupted. Due to its density, these breeds have been kept in large debris for a long time, even when surface water is transferred to long distances.

Surface waters put in the sea. The debris material, and sea waves in the surf zone, in turn, make continuous devastating work, especially increasing during storms. In rocky shores, they produce niches and various wins, sometimes the most bizarre form (for example, the original prominant already known to us is formed - the Karadag Gate). The shores are losing stability, and from time to time cliffs occur, clutching the coast of fragments. If the rock breeds are loose or weakly semplarmed, and the shores are high and cool, then there is a fizzing of the coastal slopes. The landslides often reach huge sizes and cause serious destruction in coastal areas. The debris material formed as a result of the activities of sea waves is distributed through the seabed as natural as the fragments brought by surface waters. So begin their formation at the bottom of the sea. The sedimentary crumpled breeds, called otherwise terrific (terra - Earth), as the particles from which they are formed are coming from the surface of the sushi - from the ground.

The organic life of the sea also creates large precipitation at the seabed.

Who visited the Evpatoria beach or in other places of the coast of the Steppe Crimea or the Kerch Peninsula, he, of course, saw here a certain amount of mollusk shells. In the silent weather at a small depth, you can observe alive clams, slowly moving along the bottom or attached to underwater stones or algae.

Especially there is a lot of bivalve ribbed sinks of mollusk Cardium, or hearts painted in various shades of pinkish and lilac tones. It is less likely to come across oblong, similar to the long claws of the sinks of golden and rather large beautiful sinks of pectenes, or, otherwise, scallops. Where the coast is replete with pitfalls or algae, it is possible to discover the accumulations of black pear sinks of mussels, which form huge colonies called banks. In addition to the listed clams, many others meet. Little balaanus rains are often attached to the sheds of large shells, which are also enclosed in the lime conical sink. These wraps are also referred to as marine acorns.

The shells of mollusks are also at the rocky shores, but most of all in the relatively shallow parts of the sea, where the bottom is lined with sand with an admixture of ila.

There are especially many bottom mollusks, in particular hearts and scallops, inhabiting depths from 15 and to 35 meters.

Over time, the lime sinks of the die mollusks form multi-meters at the bottom of the sea, and if it has a gentle slope, the strip of shell sediments reaches the width of several kilometers. The waves of the surf make the sinks and their debris ashore, and thus there are extensive sewerous beaches like Evpatorial.

So begin their formation at the seabed of biological origin, or, as they are called, - biogenic, for the mollusk sink consists of carbon dioxide calcium extracted by mollusa from the seawater solution and the solids deposited as a solid.

In addition to biogenic precipitation, chemical precipitation can be formed. These are different substances precipitating in the form of crystals at the bottom of the closed basins as a result of strong evaporation of water saturated water.

Such precipitation includes: self-sample salt, Glauberova salt, gypsum and many other salts.

Some substances contained in river waters fall into the sediment when mixing these waters with nautical salted water. For example, solutions of iron salts and manganese river waters, falling into a salty sea pool, falling into a precipitate, forming ils enriched with these elements. These sludge over time are transformed into iron and manganese ores of sedimentary origin.

Calcium carbon dioxide can fall into precipitate and when the water temperature changes. In colder waters, the solubility of calcium carbon dioxide is large than in warm; Water heating leads to partial precipitation.

Such in general terms is the process of formation at the seabed of powerful sediment of terrigenous, biogenic and chemical origin.

There are centuries and millennia. The precipitation at the bottom of the sea accumulates more and more, especially in its coastal zones, due to the continuous erosion of the surface waters of the giving sushi. And if the earthly bark was in constant peace, then over time it would not be on the globe of the mainland, and there would be a solid shallow ocean. But this does not happen and can not happen, as the earthly Cora is all the time in motion, dropping and climbing, which, in turn, entails the offensive of the sea to the land and the retreat of marine waters from it. So the deep sea depressions and high mountain systems are formed.

If the sushi is lowered, the sea comes to the shore, and then coastal pebble deposits are at greater depth and on top of them are deposited sands and yers or shells. This way creates sedimentary rocks of various compositions. If the sushi raising occurs, the part of the sea precipitation appears on the surface of the Earth, and the deepest sea deposits, for example, ils, are in a shallow water zone, and then pebbles and sands are postponed on top of them.

The oscillations of the earth's crust occur continuously and almost always very slowly and unnoticed, but for a long geological time measured by hundreds of thousands and millions of years, individual sections of the land are moving vertically by several kilometers, and therefore we can observe how ancient sea precipitation sometimes occur on The vertices of the mountains.

For a huge period of time, loose, bulk or plastic bottom sediments of the sea are gradually compacted and converted into a hardware sedimentary breed, which through the century reappears on the surface of the Earth, is subjected to the destructive effect of atmospheric forces, and again its debris or dissolved salt in water in the water are deployed and deposited At his day.

Such is the continuous process of destruction and the formation of sedimentary rocks, the primary material of which there were erupted rocks.

We talked about the process of occurrence of sedimentary rocks at the bottom of the sea. Sedimentary breeds are created on land. It also accumulates various debris material, deprecated with surface waters and wind. But the scale of the accumulation of continental sedimentary rocks is negligible compared to the marine. And the existence of continental precipitation is usually short-term. Most often they quickly blur and demolished in the sea.

In short, sushi is the place of mainly the destruction of the stone by external geological forces, and the sea is the formation of stone rocks and minerals of sedimentary origin.

The surface of the Crimean Peninsula by more than 99% is complexed by sedimentary rocks of various composition and geological age. All these breeds of marine origin, and only the relatively thin cover of Suglink and Soil relative to them refers to relatively recent continental formations.

Stones of sedimentary origin are very diverse, and many of them are minerals, i.e., mineral wealth that are used in the national economy.

Go now on the highway from Simferopol in Alushta. During the descent from the pass two kilometers from the highway on the left side, a huge array of Mount Demerji is towers. At the top of the mountain and its slopes facing the sea, numerous pillars and tower of the bizarre form are distinguished. One of these pillars is reminded by Bust Catherine II, and therefore Demerji is sometimes called Catherine Mountain.

Mount Mora is undoubtedly picturesque, but it's not enough to geologist, he always seeks to get closer to the material from which her rocks are created.

It is better and easier to penetrate the top of Demerji from Alushta pass. By this, you will save several cells of the lift meters, as the height of the mountain exceeds 1200 meters.

Passing on the western slope of Demerji, you will see the bottom of the huge block of stone. This is a grand collapse, which in the last century the village was destroyed, which was at the foot of the mountain.

Mount Demerji is composed by sedimentary rocks - conglomerates representing a firmly craneled pebble. Now we already know that these are sea coastal sediments of some of the ancient sea or an ancient river delta. Mount Conglomerates in time belong to the Jurassic period removed from us by 110-120 million years. It is not surprising that for such a long period of time, the coastal tacle is firmly selected and turned out to be an altitude of more than 1,200 meters above sea level.

Conglomerates of Mount Demerji are a very durable breed, they slowly affect the external forces. But still the wind, water and temperature fluctuations make their destructive work, again turning the conglomerate in the alert. As a result of the centuries-old action of these forces, those bizarre pillars and towers that are visible from afar were formed. Here, on the top of the mountain, these pillars are especially magnificent, and do not even believe that they are created by the activities of external geological forces.

If you carefully look at the peaks, the conglomerate conglomerate, then we can find among them a variety of breeds. Here we will meet the black pebbles of dense sandstones and slates, milk-white quarzen pebbles, red patterned pebbles unknown in the Crimea of \u200b\u200bthe erupted breed-granite. Occasionally there are black brilliant pebbles of hematite ore mineral.

Black pebbles of dense sandstones and shale represent the fragments of breeds of more ancients than conglomerates. Shalants by age also belong to the Jurassic breeds, but formed at the beginning of the Jurassic period, and are sea precipitation of large depths. Numerous quartz pebbles are also representatives of more ancient rocks than conglomerates. The pebbles of the erupted breed of granite and pebbles of hematite belong to even more ancient rocks, almost unknown in the Crimea. Only near the city of Balaklava found a small rock of granite, but absolutely not similar to Granite Galek Demerji.

How did they get into the Jurassic Sea wreckage granite?

Many scientists believe that north of Demerji in Jurassic time there was a sushi, folded by rocks, unknown in Crimea in our time. Later, this land dropped into a big depth and formed a gigantic depression, which was filled with the water of the Black Sea. The traces of the former existence of this sushi are captured in her wreckage - pebbles enclosed in Conglomerates Demerji.

Conglomerate is used by the local population as a brown stone for the foundations of buildings, but there is no wide use as a building stone, as it is necessary to handle.

Leave the top of Demerji with its bizarre weathering and go down on the southeastern mountain slope. Here we will see completely different breeds - slates and sandstones, underlying Conglomerates Demerji.

These thin-alone almost black breeds are widespread throughout the southern and southeast coast of the Crimea. Their distinctive feature is that in many places they are strongly crumpled in folds and fascinated. You can even observe the folds of the second and third order, when the wing of one gigantic fold in turn is crumpled and consists of smaller folds, and the latter are also twisted into small folds of the magnitude of several dozen centimeters.

The shale and sandstones of the Black Sea coast of Crimea belong to the most ancient rocks formed at the end of the triad and beginning of the Jurassic period. Increation in more detail, these breeds are not divided, as they do not contain fossil organic residues. They are assigned a general name - the Tavrichesky strata.

It is easy to note that the breed of the Tauric Toles, as if puff pastry, consist of layers of black thin-grained clay shale, intermitted with the baking sheets of dense sandstones. Consequently, these precipitations, as well as conglomerates, chip-terrigenous origin, but they were formed not in the coastal zone, but at more significant depths where fine clay particles could be made, of which shale were formed. During the deposits of these precipitations, the depth of the sea has changed continuously: at times the sea was made smaller, and then the sands were put down, at times they became deeper again, and the deposition of clay particles was renewed. So the oscillatory process of the earth's crust was reflected in the nature of the structure of this sedimentary strata. During the formation of the breeds of the Tauric Taste in the lagoons and the bays of the Jurassic Sea, in addition to the debris material, a large number of plant residues were accumulated, which were buried under the idios of the lagoon and the bays and were preserved to our time in the form of coal layers. Stone coal in sand-shale sediments is found in many places of Crimea. Known, for example, Beshai Copy, located in the top of the river. Kachi. For some time, these reps were developed, and coal was used for local needs. In the coal formations often encounter petrose resin - Gagat. Gagat is easily processing, and from it you can make various minor items and decorations.

Black tauride slates are easily smeared on thin tiles, but unfortunately, small sizes. It may be possible to find an array of these breeds, in which the shale will not be so fragmented, and then thin tiles of large sizes can be used as roofing material. The thick tiles of sandstones are widely used in the local population: fences are laid out and even walls, mainly household buildings.

If you hit the Mount Demerji from the south-east and, coming out to the village of General, climb the Hophal gorge, then we will fall into the area of \u200b\u200bdistribution of other sedimentary breeds - limestone, which occur in the Jurassic Conglomerates.

In the Crimea limestone is widely distributed and belong to various geological ages. Limestones in the Hophal gorge - the most ancient limestone of the Crimea, they are believed to Verkhne-Jurassic time. They made a majority of the vertices and flat than the mining of the peninsula. These plateales are referred to in the Crimea Yailas.

Having a hard gorge Hophal, we will go on the Ridge Tarzka, connecting two large ias: Demerji-Yayla in the south-west and carabis-iala in the northeast.

The surface of the egg is devoid of wood vegetation and is a weak-haired plain, places covered herbs, naked, stony. Sometimes in the folds of the terrain grow small groups of dwarf, twisted with continuous winds of pines. While in the center of Yayla, you forget that we rose to the height of more than 1000 meters above sea level and what is lower than you, on the southern and northern iala slopes, typical mountain landscape and magnificent vegetation. This, contrast, especially notice after the picturesque gorge of Hophal with its waterfalls and century forest.

We already know that limestones in most cases of biological origin and less often are formed as a chemical precipitate.

The egg limestones are also biogenic precipitations with some admixture of sand-clay material, so they have a light oral color. There are also pretty clean limestones of white or limestone color. The insignificant gland impurities, manganese and other elements often create a beautiful pattern, which is clearly detected when polishing the stone.

Considering the limestone, you can see the organic residues enclosed in it in the form of shells and corals, indicating that this limestone of marine and biological origin. But tens of millions of years who have passed since the burial time at the bottom of the sea of \u200b\u200bthese organisms with a limestone skeleton, and the huge pressure caused strong changes in lime precipitation. They turned into a dense breed, in which the primary calcium carbonate recrystallized, and therefore the sash and corals concluded in the stone sash and the corals merge with the total mass of the stone and are sometimes distinguishable.

Such dense recrystallized limestone, easy to polish, are called marbledes.

An array of gray marble limestones, located near Yalta, is being developed, and the extracted stone is used to make various crafts: written devices, desktop decorations and other small things. Plates for facing buildings and some architectural decorations are also manufactured from marbled limestone.

There is a real marble in Crimea, whose deposits are located near the city of Balaklava. The drawing of the Crimean marble is also elected, thanks to the remnants of shells and corals concluded in it, and the combination of gentle yellowish tones with bright red and brown shades gives the special charm of the ground surface of this stone. Crimean marble made facing plates, adorning some lobby of the Moscow Metro. It is hardly the first in the history of the culture of the stone applied by a man's marble as a material for sculptural works and architectural decorations. For these purposes, marble was used in ancient Greece.

In Tsarist Russia, marble was almost not mined. This stone was imported mainly from Greece and was almost exclusively for the decoration of the royal palaces and the dwellings of the rich.

Now, in our time, the graceful buildings of the communism and the heyday of Soviet culture and art, marble, more than ever in history, found wide use in our country. At the same time, we use domestic marble, characterized by the beauty of the pattern and a variety of paints. Our marble can be seen in the halls of the Moscow Palace of Science - University. Lomonosov, in the wonderful palaces of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition, on the facilities of the Volga-Don Canal. V.I. Lenin and in many other buildings in various cities of our Motherland.

Marble is widely used in industry. Being an excellent insulating material, it is used to make switchboards and various insulating parts. Marbled and generally dense pure limestone are used in the metallurgical industry as fluxes.

Marble is easy to handle: sawing, thread, grinding and polishing. However, marble products although durable, but not eternal. In this regard, marble is largely inferior to the erupted rocks.

Academician A. E. Fersman estimated that on average in a century, a layer of marble in a thickness of 1 millimeter is dissolved. On the scale of the human life, this is a negligible value, although it should not be neglected. In the scale of geological time, marble and limestone are treated as easily soluble rocks. Multiply, for example, a value of 1 millimeter is ten thousand times and it will turn out to be a layer of 10 meters. Such a thickness of the layer will dissolve within one million years, and in the history of the Earth, this is a very short period of time, about one three thousandth time that has passed since the beginning of the formation of the earth's crust. It should be noted that in the respective natural conditions, limestone rocks may dissolve much more intensively than one millimeter in a hundred years.

Especially quickly, the limestone is dissolved by water containing coalic acid, which is distinguished in a large number of roots of plants; It is dissolved by other natural acids.

Pay attention to the surface of the Crimean Yayl. There are funk-shaped recesses and failures in some places. Sometimes in the center of the failure there is a canal that goes deep into. Nude limestones in low places of oval have a peculiar bug stem and published resemble a flock of grazing sheep. All this is the result of dissolving limestone with surface waters, a phenomenon, called the karst.

Penetrating into the dends to the limestone massif, water continues to dissolve the limestone, forming the channels for which underground rivers sometimes swiftly. Over time, galleries and huge caves are formed on their way. Sometimes water reappears on the surface in the form of powerful springs. Such springs, for example, refers to the famous source of Ayan, located on the northern sorts of Chatrdag (Tanther-Mountain) and the city of Simferopol with water.

Meet the limestones and the marble of Crimea we started in the gorge Hophal. It would seem that it would not be worthwhile to pass the reader 20 kilometers from Alushta Highway to show him the limestone and familiarize with the marbles of the Crimea, which can be easily seen on Ai-Petri and in the vicinity of Yalta, even without leaving the bus. But in this little famous corner - Hophal Gorge - for one route we have the opportunity to observe almost all the most important varieties of sedimentary breeds - conglomerates, sandstones, clay and limestone. In addition, in the Hophal gorge, we will see one of the most beautiful Waterfalls of the Crimea, powered by underground karst waters, which, at the exit to the surface, allocate a huge amount of lime in the form of a light porous mass, called a lime tuff. And, finally, 5-6 kilometers to the northeast of the gorge is a Karabi-iala, which has the most pronounced forms of karst processes.

We have quite fully characterized marble and a little told about limestone, from which, in fact, and tight marbles are formed.

There are many limestone in Crimea, they are composed of whole arrays in the mountains and huge strata of hollow-tilt layers in the steppe of the peninsula.

Widely known both in the Crimea and beyond white, rather dense limestones belonging to age by the end of the chalk period. They consist of lime skeletons of microscopic corals - Mshanok with a slight admixture of sand-clay material. More often, these breeds are called an inkerman stone, since near the inkerman it is mined in large quantities.

Durable inkerman stone is widely used as a wall and facing building material. The city-hero Sevastopol was converted from the ruins to one of the most beautiful cities of the country, and the buildings of this city are largely obliged to their beauty of snow-white or slightly yellowish inkerman stones, which are lined with the walls of all the buildings of the city.

In the area of \u200b\u200bSimferopol, Evpatoria, Kerch and in many other places of the foothill and the steppe Crimea are widespread a seven-sewer, completely consisting of saccite \u200b\u200bsaccite, once inhabited the shallow seas of the tertiary period, which covered the territory of modern Crimean steppes and foothills.

The shell stone is a porous breed, which is easily poured by an ordinary saw on the bars. It possesses incomparably less strength than an inkerman stone, and therefore it is erected at home in one, rarely in two floors height.

In Crimea, a brick building is the same rarity as wooden. All cities of Crimea are built of stone born at the bottom of the sea as a result of centuries-old activities of marine organisms.

Although in the Crimea and there are no brick buildings, but the brick is manufactured in significant quantities for furnaces, factory pipes and other construction purposes. For the development of bricks, the breed also uses sedimentary origin - clay. The best for the production of bricks, roofing tiles, pipes and various potter products are clams formed at the beginning of the chalk period. The reserves of these clays are huge, their layers are stretched, ranging from Balaclava, along the previations of the whole Crimea to Feodosia.

The stocks of Mergel are also huge - breed of sedimentary origin, representing a selected mixture of clay and lime particles. Mergeli are the most important raw materials for the manufacture of cement, which is not produced in the Crimea.

Limestones and Mergeli are not rich in minerals. Sometimes they encounter calcite crystals and gypsum, which, however, do not differ in any beauty nor the magnitude. In clamps, you can find many beautiful gypsum crystals in the form of large roses or in the shape of a swallow tail. Rounded specs of spherosiderite, clusters and crusts of gold cubic crystals of pyrite are also found. However, all these minerals do not represent rarity, we can meet them everywhere and therefore do not make them searching in these breeds.

Territative and biogenic precipitations are usually poor minerals visible by a simple eye, but when viewed by these breeds under a microscope, mineralogs finds an equally rich collection here than in the erupted rocks.

Studying sedimentary rocks under a microscope and determining the microscopic crystals and fragments enclosed in them, geologists are often able to set the land area with which these particles in the ancient seas are received, and thus recreate the geography of a distant geological past.

Exceptional interest is sedimentary breeds for the one who wishes to know the history of the Crimea and the development of living organisms that inhabited his sea and land. In petrified remnants of animals and plants, it is possible to relatively fully and accurately reproduce the picture of the life and landscapes that existed millions of years ago.

We do not intend to stay away from the geological history of the Crimea and dedicate to this issue several pages at the end of the essay. Now let's get acquainted with the latter and most interesting in mineralogical terms by a group of sedimentary breeds - breeds of chemical origin.

We have already mentioned the processes of formation of various chemical precipitation, and now we will get acquainted with their variety - Kerch Ore Ruda.

To do this, we will have to go again to the Kerch Peninsula, in the village of Arshitsevo, located on the rippletish coast of the Kerch Strait near Kerch.

Arshitsevo is located in a large basin, limited chain of low hills.

If you climb on top of one of the hills, it is not difficult to trace that the ridge of these heights from all sides bold a hood with the village, mines and collective farm fields located in it; Only in the east, it is open towards the Kerch Strait.

The relief of the eastern and northern parts of the Kerch Peninsula is characterized by such basins surrounded by ring-shaped chains of hills folded very strong limestones.

These limestones consist of tiny corals already known to us, called Msanka. It is possible to consider leafy formations that are destroyed by the smallest cells and tubules that served the housing for the microscopic organisms of these corals.

More than 10 million years ago, at the beginning of the Maochemical age of the tertiary period, the Kerch Peninsula poured the shallow sea, and although the territory of the peninsula was significantly removed from the mountain Crimea, where there were powerful global processes, however, the action of these forces affected. The terrestrial layers of the Kerch Peninsula are also folded into the folds, although very gentle. And where the crest of folds rose, the bottom of the Maedical Sea Mello, and the lifting was so significant that the islands were formed. Along these islands, in shallow water, and lived msanka corals. Gradually appeared more and more of the islands, the msanka reefs increased in their sizes, and thus, over time, lagows were formed, surrounded by a chain of mushworm reefs.

In the subsequent geological epochs of the lagoon were filled with new and new precipitation, consisting of either sandily-clay material, or from numerous shells. Due to the small, but unstanding the oscillations of the sushi, the lagoons are melli, they were deeper. The climate at the time was moderate, with small precipitation.

Several million years have passed, and the hot subtropical wet climate of the Kimmerian century has come. The lagunons by that time were represented by shallow watershed pools, separated from each other with the chain of the islands and peninsulas.

The hot humid climate caused a magnificent flowering of vegetation and intensive chemical decomposition of the Sushi breeds around the lagoon. The crumbs of the thick forest, abundant by the shores of the lagoon, were saturated in the lagows of the streams and rivers with organic and inorganic acids.

These waters leached iron, manganese and other elements from surrounding rocks and soils and in a dissolved state endured them in the lagoon. In the lagoons, when mixed with freshwater, sushi with salt-waters of the lagoon, dissolved salts of iron and other elements were precipitated, stirring with or sandy and sandy particles, brings the same streams. Various organic residues brought by waters from sushi decomposed at the bottom of the lagoon, providing abundant food with a variety of microorganisms, which in turn served as a mollusc. Therefore, the clams in the Kimmerian age are particularly successfully multiplied by a variety of species and achieved large sizes. In addition to mollusks, the lagoons were populated by fish and seals.

So during the millennium there was an accumulation of il-saturated iron at the bottom of the Lagoon in the Kimmerian age.

Later, as a result of the general raising of sushi, the sea retreated from the lagoon, the fericed precipitates compressed, various iron, manganese, phosphorus, barium and other elements were formed in them, and they turned into an iron ore of sedimentary chemical origin.

Our acquaintance with the Kerchen ores and their minerals we will start with the coastal cloth of the Kerch Strait in Arshitsevo.

To do this, it is necessary to go to the park of culture and recreation and on the iron staircase to go down to the beach of the Kerch Strait. Taking the direction to the south, you will soon see the forty-meter wall of the cliff, in places completely vertical, the places are divided into gigantic stages of landslides. The layers of sedimentary rocks are clearly traced on the wall: on a limestone limestone, consisting of the smallest shells and their debris, in a mixture with some clay and fine sand, there is a dark-roof layer of ore, and over it gray layers of sands and clays, younger than ore deposits, And at the very top of the cliff with a solid cover, light-chicted loams are locked.

We are interested in ore and her minerals, we will deal with it.

Brown loose mass - iron ore - completely consists of concentricly-healous fragile brown balls, called oolithiums. These balls, like crystals, grew in glandist Ilu. Apparently, or liquid particles prevented the formation of real crystals, and the ferrous solutions layer on the layer were concentrated around various small particles, permeating the clay mass of the sludge.

These oolites consist of a mixture of various iron hydroxides, referred to as the mineral lemonite, with an admixture of a clay substance.

Among brown ooliths sometimes come across black shiny, as if lacquered. Their color says that in these oolitis, except for iron, contains a significant amount of manganese.

Among the oolita ore mass are rounded, usually black from the surface, large glats, which sometimes reach several dozen centimeters in the diameter.

Such entities are familiar to us on the Karadaga - these are concrete, according to, unlike the Karadygian, sedimentary origin. They arise in a dense ore mass, when slowly circulating in oolite ore, saturated with different mineral substances, solutions are concentrated around any inclusions and deposit new minerals.

Some of the specifics are kind of natural caskets that store beautiful crystals. However, a lot will have to open such caskets to meet one or two, which have a rich content.

Try a slight blow hammer to split the nation. Sometimes there is a significant size cavity in it, as if velvet lined with black with a bluette with a bluette. Often on this layer, like diamonds on black velvet, glittering small transparent plates; The black flare is the mineral of the Vad (manganese hydroxulated), and the sparkling plates - the crystals of the calcite known to us.

It happens that instead of a velvety laid, the concrete cavity is lined with a black shiny very dense crust; This is also a hydroxidal manganese - Ppislélin.

Often in privation cavities there are various phosphorus minerals - phosphates, which are compounds of iron, manganese, calcium, phosphorus, oxygen and water.

Just like Zeolites Karadaga, these phosphates are famous for the whole alliance. Nowhere has no such diversity, such beautiful and large crystals. Many of the phosphates were first opened here, and they were given local names. Most often, in thections or in cavities, shells there are brown crystals of oxycerneenite, then separate long, then the set of short, directed in all directions like hedgehog needles. It is less likely to dry, almost black flat gamma crystals - and beta-kerchinite. Comparatives are relatively less as well as alpha-kerchinite crystals. Occasionally you can find small bright light-mounted needles of Anapait.

In addition to clearly crystalline phosphates, there are often so-called earthy varieties, which are powdered mass, often mixed with iron ore. These phosphates include in the form of fine residences of the accumulation of canary-yellow mitridatite and green brosphealth. In the cracks and voids of ore, you can find thin raids and gap of shirolube earthy beta-kerchinite. In those areas of ore, which have long been exposed to air oxygen, are detected similar to the carbon black seagulls of the pecite mineral.

All these minerals containing phosphorus are an additional mineral mineral deposit. When smelting steel from the cast iron, the phosphor contained in it goes into a slag that can be used as fertilizer in agriculture.

Most of the nodules on has cavities and is a dense grayish-green mass consisting of clay seerite, around which the concentration of manganese, phosphorus and some other minerals occurs.

With the unloading of the loose ore, we can meet brown petrified bones of some vertebrates - these are the remains of the seal once living in the Kimmerian lagoons. The bone tissue of these residues is completely substituted by phosphorus compounds and is a phosphorite mineral.

Less often come across white bones and residues of woody vegetation. Taking a similar fossil in her hand, you will be surprised by her great weight. This is a baryt mineral (sulfate barium), which completely replaced the fabric of organic residues. Such mineral formations are referred to as metamorphoses.

In Kerch Ore Barita, there is little, and therefore it does not have a practical value here, but the big deposits of this mineral are being developed for obtaining barium, which is used in the chemical industry and medicine.

In the loose ore mass there are often individual plaster crystals exceptionally correct cut, and although this mineral does not represent a rarity, it should still use the case, collect the collection of plaster crystals here.

Finishing the collection of minerals in Kerch Ruda, it must be said that we learned far from all minerals contained in them. There are a number of minerals that can be found in the ore mass only under a microscope, and there are minerals and varieties of ores that are in deeper zones of the deposit; They can be removed only with drilling or penetration of rather deep mountain workings.

Ore, naked in the coastal cliff, were not always like that we see them now. The long-term impact of external forces largely changed the mineralogical composition and physical properties of ores; Some minerals disappeared and new appeared. Such changes can sometimes occur in a very short time. For example, with exploration work carried out on Kerch deposits, from the depth, where the layers of ore are saturated with underground waters and where the oxygen does not penetrate the oxygen, extremely dense, greenish-brown, the so-called "tobacco" ore was extracted. Some varieties of this ore have changed their color after a few days and turned into a loose brown ore, like the one we saw in the coastal cliff.

So sometimes, the change in the mineralogical composition of the stone, which produced in new conditions, for example, in a medium rich in oxygen and devoid of water is quickly increasingly proceeds.

Having completed the fees of minerals and ores in the coastal cliff, you should familiarize yourself with the mine, which is located 6 kilometers from the village (you can drive around the bus). We recommend, by agreement with the administration of the iron ore plant, see the careers, where ore, as well as the factory, where the ore is enriched and agglomerated (from the loose it turns into a sintering of sintering at high temperatures), in a word, to obtain an idea of \u200b\u200bboth the entire process of preparing natural mineral raw materials Metal smelting from it.

Kerch iron ores are known for a very long time. In ancient times, the inhabitants of the Crimea have already knew about ores. It is told to us by the Crimean archaeologists, which during the excavations near the planernaya in the ancient grainnesses of the Slavic tribes discovered pieces of blue paint, which turned out to be a mineral beta-kerchinite from Kerch Rud. These ancient burials date back to the VIII century of our era.

The first descriptions of Kerch Rud belong to travelers of the XVIII century, but these information were fragmentary and did not allow the reserves and quality of ore.

For many years, Kerch ores did not find practical applications. And only since 1894, Kerch deposits tried to develop various entrepreneurs as Russians and foreign, however, due to extremely low equipment and fierce competition, these capitalist enterprises often suffered collapse.

Only after the October Revolution, the metallurgical industry on the basis of Kerch Rud began to be developed at a rapid pace.

Kdddyburinsky mine and metallurgical plant they have grown. WORK. Every year the mining of ore grew and the release of cast iron and steel increased.

During the Great Patriotic War, the fascist invaders were destroyed by the mine and the plant, completely destroyed the working villages; No less injured and the city of Kerch.

After the war, the mine and his villages were completely restored in a short time. Now this is a whole city with a lot of large houses, a stadium, a park, club. The newest machines are applied on the mine, processing and agglomeration factories. Ore mining is fully mechanized.

Iron ores are not the only chemical sedimentary formations in the Crimea. Even in our time, we have chemical precipitation in our eyes.

In Crimea, a lot of salted lakes, many of them maritime origin. These lakes in a recent geological past were the bays of the Black and Azov seas, which, over time, separated from the sea with sandy shallows and braids, washed by marine waves, and turned into coastal lakes.

However, these lakes did not lose touch with the sea. Through the sandy narrow braids, nautical water is easily seeping, rolling the lake, whose water is continuously evaporated. Thus, the concentration of salts in the water lakes gradually increases.

In the hot summer, when water evaporating from the lakes does not have time to compensate for seeding through the braid water, the concentration of salts in the lake water increases so much that the formation of crystals of these salts occurs. The first in the sediment falls the crystals of the cooking salt, covering the white crust of the bottom of a small lake and its coast. In some Crimean lakes, self-catering salt is mined.

In addition to the cook salt (soda chloride), other salts are contained in lakes: magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate (Glauberov Salt), calcium sulfate (gypsum) and some other valuable salts.

Especially rich in salts a huge bay of the Azov Sea - East Sivash. It communicates with the sea with only one narrow strait in the region of the genic and therefore resembles a large coastal lake, separated from the sea with a narrow oblique length of 120 kilometers - the Arabat arrow.

The bottom Il of some Lakes Crimea has valuable medical properties and is widely used by many sanatoriums and the mud of the Crimea.

In the Crimea, on the Kerch Peninsula, there is a deposit and fossil salts, for example, a rather significant deposit of plaster near the village of Martviki. Plaster reservoir thickness up to 4-5 meters is developed, mined gypsum bend to Kerch, where alabaster is produced from it, widely used in construction work and medicine. However, the plaster of this field is strongly polluted by an admixture of clay and consists of small, closely pressed crystals closely. Finding beautiful large transparent crystals are quite difficult, and therefore will have to be held the samples of this mineral collected in ore sediments.

These include our brief acquaintance with the main sedimentary rocks of the Crimea, their most interesting minerals and the processes of destruction and creation, which created this most common group of rocks in the Crimea.

Among our brother, there are quite a lot of curious people. There are those who wonder: how many on the Russian Black Sea coast of the beaches?! Some originals from among the experts of geography claim that, they say, the whole shore of the sea is a continuous big beach! And, here, the aborigines, that is, the inhabitants of the Black Sea region with such a statement categorically disagree, because the relief of the coast is often changing - then a pebble or sandy strip, then the sloping of the stones, and then suddenly in the sea with sushi, the impressive sizes of the rock or a whole series of impregnable rocks . What are the beaches here?! And, if there is objective, the truth is on the side of the indigenous people of the local places: the sea stretches along the coast away, but it is not a solid beach at all!

Dotted only in the Crimea to the truth - on the peninsula, calculated, eight hundred beaches - sandy, pebble, stony, with the departmental (in some sanatoriums and boarding houses) are publicly available as, for example, in Anapa and wild, including nudist sort of in the Koktebel area, Utrich and other coastal places.
For the same curious to get to the truth, we add, the Russian Black Sea coast since 2014 kilometers addressed to himself - due to the return of the Crimea to his historical homeland. If the entire coastline of the Black Sea is 3,400 kilometers with superfluous, then our share accounts for 1.2 thousand (from 421 to 474, in fact, the Krasnodar Territory plus 750 kilometers of the Crimean coast). For the length of the coastline, we are slightly behind Turkey, but superior to Ukraine. We recall the same curious - the coast of the Black Sea in famous values \u200b\u200bare divided by five countries: Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, Bulgaria and Georgia. We now turn directly to the beaches - in alphabetical order.

Such excellent beaches, like the All-Russian health resort for family and children's rest and treating Anapa, not many seaside countries boast. The length of them is about seventy kilometers, of which 40 are the golden crime, left in memory of themselves as an ancient River Kuban, suddenly changed the old river to the new one. And here the definition of curious that the shore is a solid beach - will have to the place. From the river of the chalk, where the central beach is already on and to the village of Blagoveshchenskaya (more than 35 kilometers), the golden sandy strip stretched yes, as in the desert, with a dunes from three to twelve meters high, places crushed by branched trees, giving a saving shadow in the heat in a whole family. In the width of the beaches from two tens of meters to two hundred with a spit for the River Anapkoy and at six hundred in the village of Blagoveshchenskaya. Anapa, Jemet, Vityazevo, Blagoveshchenskaya - all over the coast. Entrance to the beaches is free, although they leave the sanatoriums, boarding houses, children's health camps, recreation centers, and so on. From sushi in the direction of the sea, you need to go for a does for a dozen meters until you become a breast - more than the children and adults who do not know how to swim.

Taking into account the fact that the sun shines over the resort all 280 days a year, the water after the off-season is quickly warming up, and it is possible to swim in it next door to dolphins from the end of April and at the beginning of November inclusive. Beaches are landscaped on the European manner - canopies, lifesters, toilets, toilets, are lounge chairs and sun beds, there are also those turning after the sun, and a smooth tan is formed on your body. Physics duty. Catamarans, "bananas", "pills", flights over the sea on parachutes - there are other attractions. The border of the beach area - cafes, canteens, kiosks with soft drinks, ice cream, souvenirs. The central beach has a summer pop, where the events of the show business stars are going on the evenings.

There are in Anapa and pebble beaches, and stony. They begin immediately behind the sandy in the direction of the Small Bay, the lighthouse, and then small and large wartsy and stretch, count, three dozen kilometers. Landscaped. And on Big Utrich, the Dolphinariums with the open-air theater expects, where in the high season for the day several views of the ridge, and the dolphins after the virtuoso fantastic performances jump out from the sea on the platform and willingly positive with the audience on the camera or the camera, winking you smart and Happy eyes. From the maritime station and berths in other places on the schedule, pleasure ships are deployed. They also accompany the dolphins in addition to seagulls, albatrosses and other feathers, living by the sea, floating behind the Panibrates in it.

Beaches Spa Gelendzhik

The beautiful name of the resort city is beautiful and translated - "White Bride". Although the origins of its pretty-sad. Once a long time ago, here at the Gelendzhik bay at the foot of the Marchota ridge flourished the slave trade. The anniversary rulers were specially sailed here behind the Belolic women who were bought in the slave or were taken to his wife. From here and went - "White Bride", by the way, on the central embankment, a monument to her, prominent, even from the height of the surrounding vertices. So, it is known that the coastline stretched almost a hundred kilometers. Twenty and a half of them occupy the beaches. Mock?! Slightly fifth part of the coast, other places are difficult to be available: the great Caucasian mountains stretched along them, and the rocks approach directly to the water or entered directly into the sea.
The best of the best of course is the central beach. It covers an area of \u200b\u200bfive and a half hectares. It is a longer kilometer long, three to eighty meters wide. And the entire beach areas (large and small) in the resort, calculated, 114. The central beach is artificial bulky, river sand is used. It begins from the beach of the hotel "Primorye", it is interrupted by the Marine Station, then continues to the Water Park "Dolphin". Gelendzhik bay has the form of a huge horseshoe. Along it - 24 Beach: "Lazurea Beach", "Circling", "Gardens of the Seas", wild "Sosnovka", "Sandy bottom" and others. By the way, Gelendzhik has the most extended embankment in the world - eight kilometers. Especially it is beautiful from the height of the Marchota ridge, from his observation deck. And from the heights of two chair air roads, leading to his top, besides above the famous Safari Park, in which wild animals are contained on a free free conditions, ranging from light graceful Lani to a tiger or king beasts - a formidable lion.

Gelendzhik has a lot of resort zones - Arkhipo-Osipovka, Divnomorskoye, Kabardinka, Psh Archo Rural District - Coastal, Mikhailovskoye, Wide Pshad Gap, Betta. As in the neighboring, Anapa beaches are well comfortable with canopies, fungi, rescuer houses, medical pits, the shores are water rides, along the waves, rushing trials, in a word, can be sunbathe and bought, but also to have fun. For lovers to sunbathe and sneak in warm waves, but that people nearby were smaller, there are wild beaches - in the area of \u200b\u200bTolstoy Cape. Here is abolished and nudists.

Beaches of Big Sochi

Our southern capital in the zone of wet subtropics is called so not in vain. The city stretched along the coastline by almost 145 kilometers. Of them beach - 118. And all the beach zones are already in 130! With fine pebbles, an admixture of sand, stony. Municipal free, wild and non-equipped, closed at sanatoriums or with the same health resorts, but accessible to tourists. The central beach is popular. It is over one hundred meters, a width of -25-30. Melko pebble. The people's beach zone name "Santa Barbara". Almost works around the clock - with cafes, restaurants, discos, and so on. Perfectly equipped - with sun loungers, sun beds, fungi, canopies, there is an opportunity to glorify in the open sea, ride ships for distillations with dolphins. Frequently visited by guests and local residents of the beaches - "Mayak", "Primorsky", "Sunny", resistant "Spark", "Satellite", "Green Grove" and others. Nudists are usually going to the beach loved by him in the area of \u200b\u200bSmall Ahun.

As with any large resort town on the Black Sea, the Bolshoi Sochi has many recreation areas in municipalities. Actually, among Russians and guests from abroad, resort villages - Matsesta, Magri, Macopse, Ashe, Lazorovskoye, head, Loo, Dagomys, Mamajka, Host, Kudepsta, etc. Of course, they have beautifully equipped beaches. The central beach of Dagomys stretches on a half kilometer. It is 70-90 meters wide. With fine pebbles and sandy splashes. By the way, from Dagomys from Sochi is hand to hand. If you want to drive by train, I wished the bus or minibus, you can take a taxi. Of course, the people are smaller than in the city itself. And no less amenities - there is where to eat, on what to swim by the shore or in the sea. Medicas are on duty, the beach nearby with the Dagomys of the village village of Loo, to which you can drive on the same types of transport, slightly less - 600 meters and width 65. But also convenient, and the main thing is protected from the wind: they will approach it the rocks painted by local young artists. In both villages a lot of private sector, mini-hotels, guest houses, so find the roof over your head - a pair of trifles! Near the sanatoriums and boarding houses in which you can get to the coursing. It is also well known that in the Black Sea at a depth of two hundred meters life is not possible - below the hydrogen sulfide that kills all living things. At the same time, it is very useful - the mixture of it with water is superbly treating. And it is convincingly proven in Matsest. Here, hydrogen sulfide bathrooms are treated with cardiovascular, nervous, skin, ENT diseases, gynecology, your musculoskeletal system will be put in order. And the beaches of Macesta are different - narrow, wide, but all of the shallow pebbles. There are even nudist.

Beaches Tuapse

First of all, it should be borne in mind that the city has a large seaport coast on the Black Sea coast. Therefore, there are somewhat noisy. And the sea is almost immediately from the shore goes to the depth. Nevertheless, the resort has its beaches. Learn about 60 kilometers. The width is different - from two, three meters to spacious at seventy. Most of the resort workers are quite natural, rushing to the central beach. It is pretty roomy - it stretches more than a kilometer, from the river Tuapse to the Pension "Spring". Covered with fine gravel and pebbles. Lowned. There is a hire of floating. Water and other attractions. It is not necessary to starve and languish from thirst - next to the beaches of cafes, canteens, kiosks with soft drinks, pastries, can be a kebab from chicken, fish, beef or shinquing. Rescuers strictly observe the behavior of tourists on the water, in a drunk state will not be missed, not able to swim in it.
Razdite on the beach in the village of Primorskoye! Local beach here is called "wild". There are pebbles, there are boulders. Last, by the way, sunbathing love. Perched on them, and lie calmly in the sun. Unless sometimes changing the position of the body. People here are smaller, but not always. On weekends and residents are not off here on holidays come. Dresse with your children or grandchildren.
There is in the vicinity of Tuapse, well, just a charming place by the sea - Kiseleva Rock. View stunning! From the bottom, it seems like, nude wall, and on top of a thick pine forest. The outskirts of stone jet. But but the descent is gentle. Kids and not able to swim comfortably.
There is in the vicinity of Tuapse, well, just a charming place by the sea - Skal Kiseleva. View stunning! From the bottom, it seems like, the naked wall with a height of 46 meters and a width of sixty, and on top of a thick forest of pines. Surprisingly fantastic monument of nature! The outskirts of stone jet. But but the descent is gentle. Kids and not able to swim comfortably. But, in the village of Lermontovo, already what is called, another Knevnor - the beach "Golden coast" with a length of two kilometers and a width of fifty meters, starts at the Shapsu River. Rest on it is a pleasure!
Do not be disappointed by the beaches of the resort villages of Agoy, Jubga, Olginka, Nebug, Gizel-Der, deterkaya, etc., located in the Tuapse zone.

Beaches Tamani.

The Taman Peninsula in the Krasnodar Territory is the legendary place. Since 2001, he received the status of the All-Russian health resort due to the presence of large fields of therapeutic mud. There are almost four dozen acting or rogged dirt volcanoes. Taman (name in the distant past Tmutarakan) is the most important place on Earth: in Kerch Strait, two seas are thrown into the arms of each other - Black and Azov. Remember the poem of the fairy tale Alexander Pushkin "Ruslan and Lyudmila"? Famous "Lucory Oak Green"? All this is on Tamani. And the village of Taman itself stands on the shores of the two seas. By the way, the Black Sea Resorts on Tamani occupy a small territory - along the coast they are located only twenty with small kilometers. The main of them is the village of Taman with a population of a little more than nine thousand. The staircase leads to the beach - in Miniature Potemkinskaya, which is in the fun city of Odessa. Beautiful sandy beach. The people on it are not so much, but it is beautiful: no one bothers anyone. Eight kilometers from Tamani - Valave village. It is at a high location. Sea view stunning! Go down to the beach, legs are immelled in soft hot sand. The water is clean - it is not for nothing that the dolphins are visited, which are not transferred to the slightest pollution in the Spirit! At the shores and in the sea - excellent fishing. All opportunities for diving and other marine extreme sports. A half dozens of waves - another resort village of Veselovka. Beautiful sandy beach. Long and wide. About the Bugazskoe braid and talking not to say - it stretches for fifteen kilometers to Blagoveshchenskaya. It's like one whole with the Golden Pesaling Anapa. They have one great-grandfather - the Kuban River, which flows into the Temryuk Bay of the Azov Sea. So, if someone comes to visit the Taman Peninsula, get two pleasures - swim on the day in two seas! By the way, the salted lake is located in the cheerful. In the summer it happens, heats up, but use it with mud. The skin diseases and the hands of the engine device. And the very water of the lake israpeutic.

And a little more about luck. The coast from Temryuk to the Kerch Strait of a long one hundred kilometers is not in vain called the Azov Riviera. More and more wishing to come exactly in these places - in the village of Golubitskaya with her therapeutic salted lake and healing mud at the bottom, the resort villages of Kuchugura, for their homeland, to the city of Yeisk, etc. Because from them to hand to the Black Sea . Do you manage to immediately swim from the temptation at your vacation at your vacation?! On the way, having loved and the valley of the lotuses and diving into the mud volcanoes of the Tydar and and the blue beam?!

Beaches of Crimea

Returned to the Lono of Russia, to his historical homeland, the Crimea Peninsula has at its disposal half thousands of resort zones. The length of its beaches exceeds 343 kilometers widths from twelve to twenty-five meters, in places they are also wider than them all under eight hundred. All the beaches of Crimea, like Kuban therapeutic: In the offseason, the sea literally shifts them with their storms and saturates their useful salts. Beaches will cure your radiculitis, rheumatism, musculoskeletal system, skin and other diseases. They have a beneficial effect on the nervous, cardiovascular system, bronchi, lungs. Beautiful beaches are in the resort villages of Koktebel, Ordzhonikidze, the coastal, Primorsky, Feodosia, not to mention such seaside cities as Sudak, Yalta, Evpatoria or Feodosia.
About Feodosia should be said especially. Her "Golden Beach" stretches for integer seventeen kilometers. Improved and equipped, you will be delighted with him. As with the Beach "Pearl", which received such a precious name because the sand has a pearl hue. Children's beach is smaller - 300 meters small, but the kids here are much safe: it has a gentle descent. By the way, all beaches of Feodosia are even and soft bottom, which is happy to celebrate all the resorts and hosts of guest houses, private hotels that define you at the post.
Several well-built beaches are in Yalta with her famous for the whole world by the children's health camping camp "Artek", in which resting and treated in a year more than twenty thousand children both from Russia itself and near and far abroad. In priority, Massandrovsky beach. The width of it comes to 35 meters, the length is kilometers. Here are two zones - for VIP- persons with high comfort and for decent money and three zones are free. Life on the beach boils in the literal sense of the word around the clock. Day and night work cafes, restaurants, discos, rental. People return home without power but deafeningly satisfied with the photo on mobile phones and plots on filmmers. There are good beaches at the Pension "Actor", "Donbass", at Yacht Club "Yalta", in the suburbs - "Nikitsky" and others. You can talk about all the beaches of the Crimea for a long time and in detail, but still do not cover them all: we mentioned at the beginning that in the peninsula over five hundred of resort zones. Go here, come, arrange at any resort and hurry to the sea and his and the coast on which you were lucky to relax!

In the section on the question where stones are taken from ?? Posted by the author Calculate The best answer is Some unsophue question !! ! What stones?
1. If we are talking about natural stones - it all depends on the type of stones. Some stones were formed from liquid lava, some were obtained by perspiration in the thickness of geological sediments, such as granite or sandbird ... Some are formed by crystallization.
2. If we are talking about the stones formed in our body (in the kidneys, in the bustling bubble ...) then this is a completely different conversation! These stones are formed by crystallization. In a person prone to the formation of stones in bile or in the urine there are high concentrations of various salts (urates, oxalates ...) and it is only worth it to appear the center of crystallization (this can be some kind of microbial body, or a piece of epithelium or some more sand) She immediately begin to settle salt. Most of the growing grace of the sands are washed out of the bright (urine) of withdrawing paths, and not having time to grow to decent sizes. But some manage to get stuck in a bubble (bile or urinary) or in kidney ducts, lochs, and grow. This is how the stones in the kidneys and biliary trait are formed.
3. If your question about stones in the garden - ask the neighbor. Most likely it was he who threw them !!
Source: about time to scatter and collect stones read in "Ecclesiaste"
Vladislav Yun.
Guru
(4005)
Yeah, here's what you mean !! Well, here I can't say anything other than common phrases. According to my ideas, this happens like this:
1. Rocks are destroyed, with the village streams, the boulders rush down in the valleys. In the valleys under the use of temperatures, humidity, etc. Balbers are destroyed into smaller fragments. So there are stones in obolistral areas.
2. Destroying further into smaller fragments turn into sand and clay, which are very easily transferred to the water even deeper into the lowlands, where they are settled. The lower layers are compressed, the solid rocks are formed again, which again as a result of tectonic shifts one day turn out to be on the surface. Either all the waters of the rivers are put on the surface of them by leaching !! And again the process is repeated. Again, the boulders are disintegrated into cobblestones, on pebbles, on the sand ... everything is in a circle.
3. A person transports rubbank and wakes up on the ground
4. Animals can carry
5. The rains wash the soil, barely applied stones. There are no more free characters !!

We have a museum in Sochi, which by the number of collected exhibits is significantly ahead of any of the museums of the world.

In it, without any permission, you can touch the exhibits with your hands, photographed with them and even ... trample these exhibits with legs.

If you want some particularly liked rarity from the museum with you, no one will tell you a word of reproach: the surrounding spend you sympathizing, an approving look.

The reader, of course, guessed that we are talking about our Sochi pebble beach - unique in its filling and invariably causing the great interest of visitor to visitors.

This, of course, the Natural Historical and Geological Museum, in which each crossing - the exhibit is calibrated according to the desired size, smoothly sharpening and polished by sea waves, it is clean before showing the general public.

The history of the emergence of marine pebbles on our beach is interesting in itself. Numerous mountain rivers and robes of centuries were blocked by the layers and the thickness of the Caucasian mountains, carrying into the Black Sea, then a calm fast flow, then a raging thunderstorm stream of a variety of rocky brooms, boulders, plates. The sea, taking all this material in a partially crushed form, continued to grind and sort the size, rolling and grinding the "works" of the mountains that fell into his waves. Geologists These works are called rocky rocks, and the history of their appearance, which has many millions of years, is the most ancient and mysterious story of our Earth, the history of our region, captured so bright in the contemporas-exhibits of the Sochi Beach.

Seventy million years ago have grown, Caucasian Mountains have been formed. The growth of them was accompanied by a roar and roar, fiery rivers of the erupted lava. Most Caucasian tops of the central ridge are extinct volcanoes. And the pebbles brought to the beach very eloquently talk about the volcanicism raged here. Here is a pumice - porous hygienic pebbles - this is a frozen volcanic magma, far away, grabbed air and therefore very light. Here are "frozen" at the exit from the volcano tuffs and basalts - they are heavier pumice, but much easier granite. Granite on the beach is the blurred roots of the mountains, the magma that froned inside the volcano.

Heavy granite - pebble stones, as a rule, white, egg-shaped form - the most famous representative of volcanic rocks. Thanks to the brilliance of the minerals evenly mixed in it (and we all know from school years that it is quartz, mica and field swap) due to their hardness and strength, it has become a stone of monuments, obelisk and monuments. However, hitting the pebble beach, the granite pebbles lost the monumental perspective, and its entire beauty is aimed at creating a good mood of resting by the sea to people.

Other magmatic rocks found under our feet are the tuffs of different shades, basalts are also widely used facing and building material. There are among the past breeds and semi-precious, decorative pebbles - porphyrites, shenites, chrysolites. These can also add numerous quartzites - transparent and translucent pebbles, as well as durable chalcedony flints, whose healing properties have spoke in our time, well-known healers. These minerals that are not related to rock rods, which means more ancient in their origin, also hit our beaches from Vulcanov.

Long before the Caucasian Mountains grew, the territory of all Sochi and the Krasnodar Territory was the seabed. In no case should be surprised, because long before the appearance on the Earth of a person the seabed was the whole territory of the current Russian Federation. In our places, land has repeatedly towered over the sea, the islands appeared, which were covered with tropical vegetation. It has long been proven that dinosaurs and other ancient animals sushi lived in our places. Then all this again absorbed the marine paunch, and on the seabed there was a continuous process of accumulating sedimentary rocks. When the mountains were raised, layers at the bottom of the sea came into motion. They also became mountains, lateral Caucasian ridges, and the breed accumulated in them also began to collapse with rivers and roll into the sea.

The predominant sedimentary rock in the sea pebble is sandstone. Mass sandstone pebbles are gray, tobacco color, brown, yellow - depending on the composition of the sand sedired at the bottom of the sea. Often sandstone is cut by white streaks, walking in different directions. These are gyeroglyphs. According to the theory of Dutch scientist F. Kunen, the calcite and other accommodation in the sandstone - the result of deposits into the sea of \u200b\u200bmudflows, carrying particles that are driving the particles destroyed after earthquakes.

Many rocks in the marine pebbles are able to talk about maritime residents who lived in our places millions of years ago. This is a shellman - the mollusks of the ancient ocean are easily viewed in its structure. But the limestone and Mergel is also organic origin, but we will not see the remnants of the sea organisms of the Jurassic of the Cenozoic era with the naked eye. For their detection, a microscope is needed, since these rocks were folded by sedated microorganisms - plankton - a mixture with chemical precipitation. Lovers and Mergeli - common stones of our pebble beaches. No wonder the North-West Caucasus is called the kingdom of limestone and mergels.

About the era of dinosaurs and pterodactile resembles a slate - a soft sedimentary stone, consisting of a petrified silt of the bog of the Jurassic period. Finding into the sea, the slate is shortly in a state of alert - more solid beacons, driven by waves, quickly recycle it in the sand. But on land, it is easier to find it. Our, Sochi Slanets is often called roofing - the mountaineers used this layered stone as a material for the roof of their housing.

A third group of rocks, which are part of the magmatic and sedimentary in the composition of the sea pebble are, is metamorphic or transformed. Among them are often semi-precious stones, which, after jewelry processing, acquire an attractive shine and beauty. Nature-alchemist is capable of converting some substances into others by changing their crystal structure. True, this process needs millions of years. During this time, under high pressure and exposure to high temperatures, the limestone turns into marble, sandstone - in Yashma, etc. Frequently unplugged on our shores pebbles with traces of metamorphism: half of the stone Typical gray sandstone, and the second half is a yashmoid with a reddish tint.

Of course, using only this article, it is impossible to learn to distinguish between minerals and rocks, determine the time of their appearance and the natural processes associated with it. But to read stones, as an open book, everyone can learn. To do this, you need to work a little with special literature, directories-determinants. The task of our publication is to increase the interest of each reader to the treasures that are under our feet. Pearl in a broad sense is a wonderful, beautiful work of nature. Such pearls on our beaches are a fine number.

Finishing this brief overview, I would like to tell about stones with holes, often through and rather large diameter. As a rule, this is the work of the marine inhabitant, mollusk-stonecock or folaca. Rounding with the help of this nature of the reactive apparatus, processing the surface of the acid with acid, this bivalve, similar to the mollusk mussel, drills minks in soft rocks, most often in sandstone, and hides in them from predators. They say found on the beach of pebbles with a through hole brings happiness ...

Hi, dear reader! Let's figure out where the stones are taken from the human body, and how to protect themselves from their appearance.

More often stones appear in the kidneys, ureters or a bustling bubble. In addition, they can meet in the urinary bubble, as well as in the pancreas, which is located behind the stomach itself and performs external and internal secretory functions.

In whatever organs, stones were not formed, their appearance is considered a disease of the body.

The reasons for the formation of stones in the body should be sought in improper nutrition, more often products that break the body and lead to acidification. The water with inorganic minerals contained in it is played in this process, and excessive salt consumption, as well as huge cholesterol deposits in vessels due to use saturated fatswhich richly meat, eggs and dairy products.

Unhealthy nutrition, peculiar to the main mass of people, leads to the accumulation of many toxins and harmful chemicals in the body, which are 99% of modern food in stores. The body is not able to recycle them, nor get rid of such "material" over time and stones are formed in different internal organs.

Even just water - ordinary drinking water contains an inorganic mineral, it is called calcium carbonate. Together with the others, he takes enough active participation in the formation of stones in our bodies.

Let's see how stones are formed in individual bodies and systems of our body.

Stones in bile

In the bustling bubble to the formation of stones, the improper nutrition of products with many very non-fat substances in the composition and even simple drinking water, as there are inorganic minerals in it. The main harm of the bustling bubble is applied products containing saturated fats. Basically, such products include meat, bird, milk and dairy products, and most of them in cream, cheese and cream oil. Also coconut oil and palm contain saturated fat.

So what is now at all abandon these products? - you ask. Refuse or not - the solution is yours. But to use them as less as possible and as little as possible, it would be unequivocal.

The liver suffers from the stones in the bile ducts, since it can no longer go bile.

Stones in the kidneys and urinary system

Hard water with inorganic minerals and other harmful substances in it are a direct path to the formation of stones in the kidneys and the urinary system. Inorganic minerals, such as magnesium carbonate and carbette calcium are completely able to score pipes in the plumbing so much that water will not be able to break through. Imagine what is our organs?

We all here and there strongly advise you to drink more water, convincing us that it is very useful for health. Of course, water is necessary to our body. Yes, but if it really is useful - depends on the quality of this water itself. It is important to purify water from inorganic minerals, because they are simply not able to worry about our organism and settle in its internal organs, forming stones.

Now you know where the stones in the human body come from. Agree, the possibility of the formation of undesirable stones in the body is a sufficient good reason to think about how we feed our body and what water we drink. It is only necessary to take some efforts and make your choice in favor of healthy natural and useful food and clean water. And the result will be improved health and a higher level of energy, and it is worth it - what do you think?