Florence is an amazing and unforgettable city of Italy. Florence is translated as "blooming". And indeed, the chronicle of this city boasts a buoy flowering garden of outstanding personalities and a centuries-old history, which can be spent by whole hours over a glass of Chianti. Therefore, we will try to briefly consider the most interesting facts about Florence and its attractions.
- The prototype of the heraldic symbol of Florence was not at all lily, but the type of Iris Iris Germanica Florentina, which grows in the vicinity of the city.
- Day Tuscany - November 30th. It has been celebrated since 2001 and is timed to the date when in 1786 in Tuscan duchy abolished the death penalty.
- Florence was the capital of the Kingdom of Italy from 1865 to 1871
- Modern Italian language "was born" in Florence thanks to Dante "Divine Comedy". The comedy was written in the Florentine dialect instead of the common Latin language, on which all official documents and artworks wrote then.
- The most favorable period for visiting Florence - April-June and the period from September to October. At this time there is good weather, and the main flow of tourists is small. The beginning of winter can also please soft weather and sunny days.
Florence presented the world of outstanding geniuses like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Dante, Chellin, Botticelli, Jotto, Makiavelli and Petrarck.
Statue of Liberty in New York - a copy of the sculpture of the tombstone in the Church of Santa Croce in Florence.
- The UFITSTI Gallery is better to visit the backup, otherwise the valuable hours will go on line. On Tuesday, the gallery works until 22:00, so the excursion in the evening promises to be pleasant.
Copy of David.
- On Signoria Square is a copy of David. The original, fearing for the safety of marble, was transported to the Academy of Fine Arts 120 years ago.
- Due to the lack of marble, the wide muscle of the back of the statue of David is transmitted inaccurate. The same inaccuracy is displayed on copies.
- In the 2nd half of the XIX century, the picturesque school "Makyoli" arises in Florence, close to his style to French impressionism. Works in this technique are in the gallery of contemporary art in Pitti Palace.
- At many homes and churches (including Santa Croce), you can see the six-pointed star - Magendavid. To the Jews, this sign has nothing to do. In Italy, in the Middle Ages, such a star was only an element of the ornament without any semantic load.
- Florence "Winnnik" Standal Syndrome. It was in this city when visiting the Church of Santa Croce the writer was defeated in full stupor. The Church of Santa Croce is famous for the famous frescoes of the Jotto School and many tombs of the great minds of Italy (about 300), the entire floor is eliminated by tombstones.
Seen made on the writer such a strong impression that, coming out of the church, he almost lost consciousness ... "When I left the church of the Holy Cross, my heart beat me, it seemed to me that dried up the source of life, I walked, afraid to collapse on the ground ... "So described him his feelings.
- All in the same church of Santa Croat immediately at the entrance to the left there is a tombstone familiar to many in shape. It was from this figure that the Paris copy was removed, which was later elected America for his national symbol - the Statue of Freedom.
Due to the lack of marble, the wide back muscle of the statue of David is transmitted inaccurate
Standal syndrome is a psychosomatic disorder, in which a person is inclined to be very acute to perceive the works of art, as if endured in the reality depicted. Symptoms of Standal syndrome are strong heartbeat, dizziness, the feeling of the lack of support under the legs, which arises from the one in the area of \u200b\u200bexposure to works of art, at the place of their concentration. Up to the complete loss of orientation in space and hallucinations.
- Cathedral of Santa Maria Dei Fiore (Holy Maria flowers) belongs to a number of house cathedrals, like Duomo in Milan, Pisa and Siena. Florentine Duomo began to build in the 13th century and ended only in 19 with long breaks.
"Gateway to Paradise"
- In the center of the dome Santa Maria Dei Fiore depicts Galilee with a globe.
- "Gates of Paradise" Baptistery with biblical plots out of ten panels are accurate copies. They were replaced after the flood.
- A copy of the doors of the "Gate of Paradise" is installed in the Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg.
- In Florence, there is a beautiful and largest synagogue in Italy. There is a museum of Judaika and a kosher restaurant. In the Synagogue Shabbat is closed even for Jews.
- For two years in Florence, F.M.Dostoevsky was created. Here he wrote "Idiot".
- Florence is the first Orthodox Church, made in the best traditions. moscow-Yaroslavl architectureXVII century. The device of the church belongs to the Bourning Family in the distant 1818
- Under the cover of the evening in search of fun standing on the left bank of Arno to the Church of Santo Spirito. This place of the Florentine Element and not only young people. The performances of artists, incendiary flamenco, terraces of cafes and restaurants in the district are clogged under the eye.
- Not far from the Church of San Minitato along the street Vialé Dei Collie opens one of the best panoramas of the city and the surrounding area.
- Neptune Fountain on Signory Signory Florentine is frankly disliked and called Biancone, which means "big white ugly sooth."
Neptune Fountain or the People of Biancone
- Some hotels in the center of Florence in summer invite everyone to aperitif on the terrace. Here you can admire the fabulous beauty of the city, absorbing the excellent snacks. And it is not necessary to be a guest, you just need to be in the subject. One of these gambling places is a terrace near the rooftop pool at the Grand Hotel Minerva. For the mood, musicians play here. There are pickle pipes, as on the best viewing sites ...Convinced? Aperitive parties "Minerva Giò" in Grand Hotel Minerva are held from June to August every Thursday at 19:30.
For two years in Florence, F.M.Dostoevsky was created. Here he wrote the novel "Idiot".
Florentine cuisine: simple and tasty
- Back in the topic of panorama view. Climb in a cafe on the roof of the Rinascente department store. From here there is a great view of the dome of Bruneland.
- Ponte Vecchio Bridge is the most ancient bridge of the city and the only surviving during World War II. Built in 1345
- In 1993, a terrorist act organized by the Sicilian Mafia occurred. The terrible explosion was due to the life of 5 people, 60 were injured and irreparable damage to the masterpieces of the UFITSI Gallery. Losses amounted to 1 million dollars. At the site of the terrorist attack on Via Dei Georgofili, a centuries-old olive tree was planted with a memorial sign.
Colossus Appement
- In Florence, colorful ancient holidays are held, which allow you to survive the medieval atmosphere: historical football in medieval costumes (held in June). The holiday takes its beginning from 1530 and no less colorful "exploding wagon", which is held in front of the Cathedral in Easter Sunday.
- Walking around the city, pay attention to funny road signs.
As you can see, Florence is a rich history and sights of the city. And here are far from all interesting facts about him.
What do you know about Florence? What secret places and interesting facts can we tell us? Share, reader, continue list!
- Stolitz Italian Renaissance, World Center for Art and Culture.
Florence - Motherland Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Dante, Bokccho, Galileo Galilee, Jotto, Botticelli, Donatello, Bruneland, Niccolo Makiavelli, Rafael, Amerigo Vespucci, Georgeo Vazari.
Florence was founded by Julia Caesar in 59 BC, as a settlement of legionnaires. Starting from the XI century, Florence began to grow violently and develop in the XIII-XIV centuries. turned into one of the largest cities in Europe. Golden age Florence lasted from XV to XVI century.
The first thing that meets in Florence the train station weighing is basilica Santa Maria Novella (Santa Maria Novella).
This is the first monastic church in the city, the construction of which began in 1246 Monks-Dominicans Fra Sisto Florentine and Fra Risto from Campi.
Her marble facade is considered one of the most prominent facades of the Renaissance era.
The church is filled with works of art, among them - "Trinity" Mazaccho, Girlandiano and Philippino Lippi, Wooden Crucifixion Bruneland, "Crucifixion" Jotto, "Christmas" Botticelli. 
If passing by street Melarancho (Via Melarancio)then you can go to the church San Lorenzo (Chiesa di San Lorenzo).
This is the oldest church of the city, built in 393. In the XI century, the church was reconstructed in the Romanesque style. And in the XV century, Brunelands completed the dome.
Near the altar is located tomb Kozimo Medici. Many works of art have been preserved in the Basilica - two departments of work Donatello, Risnica Bruneland And Risnica Michelangelo, Sarcophag of work Verokkio.
The church is a museum capelles MediciIn which almost all representatives of the Medici family are buried.
Around the church spread out Central market. Everything is sold here anything - souvenirs, leather products, bags, scarves, food. Customers are chaired and screaming the names.
Not far from here is fountain Cabanchik (Porcellino). According to legend, in the XVI century, a wild boar appeared in the city, his roar the horror of the inhabitants. Frightened Florentine was locked in homes, and only one little boy approached the beast and stroked it on the face. Kaban Primdal himself and soon left the city.
Nowadays, according to tradition, it is necessary to make a desire and put a coin in the mouth of the cable. The coin will slip down under his hooves, where the lattice is located, and if it falls into narrow slits, then the riddled desire will certainly come true. After that, you should thank the Cabancake and grab the Piglet.
Not far is located Palace MediciErected in 1444, many palaces were designed according to its sample. He was the residence of Kozimo Senior, his son Pierro-Gogric, Lorenzo magnificent and others.
At the Cathedral Square (Piazza del Duomo) is located baptistery San Giovanni, santa Mary del Fierre Cathedral (Santa Maria Del Fiore) and campanil Jotto.
The most ancient building area - Baptistery. "Il Mio Bel San Giovanni"- called him Dante, so for the Baptistery and the name "Beautiful San Giovanni" has been preserved.
Baptistery was built in the V century on the site of the ancient temple of Mars, lined with greenish-white marble in the XI-XII centuries. Three entrances to the Baptistery are decorated with bronze doors. The most famous - Eastern doors - "Gate of Paradise"as they called Michelangelo. Now the panel with scenes from the Old Testament is replaced by copies.
Construction of cathedral Santa Maria del Fihori It began in 1294.
Arnolfo di Cambio architect laid a huge cathedral with a dome, approximately equal to the diameter of the Dome of the Roman Pantheon. Construction stretched for many years and various architects took part in it - Andrea Pisano, Simone Talenti, Jotto and others.
When the dome only remains to be erected, difficulties arose - no architect has undertaken to solve this problem. Then jeweler Filippo Bruneland Suggested a brilliant idea and achieved her implementation. So the eight-marginal tiled dome appeared with blonde seams!
To the right of the cathedral campanil Jottobuilt in 1359. Jotto died 3 years after the start of the campaign, and the construction was completed - Pisano, Talenti and Neri Fiornati. The lower tower tier is decorated with bas-reliefs Andrea Pisano.
Ricazoli Street (Via Ricazoli) will lead to the square San Marco (Piazza di San Marco)where the church of the same name towers. The history of the church is associated with the name of Savonarola.
The monastery of San Marco was founded in the XII century, he repeatedly changed the owners. In the XV century, Savonarola lived here. On the second floor there is his cell with his portrait of Fra Bartolomeo work. The Savonarol monastery preached and his sermons were enjoyed tremendous success.
He was engaged in the reform of the monastery of San Marco - sold church property, he expelled all the luxury from the monastery, ordered all monks to work. Savonarola spoke against luxury, against gambling. He proclaimed Signor and King Florence Jesus Christ, and himself choos of Christ.
Not once, Dad prohibited him to preach, but the fame of Savonarola penetrated even outside Italy: his sermons were translated into foreign languages.
In 1498, the very remote monk of Savonarola was concluded in the dungeon by order of the Pope, and then executed.
At the end of the 15th century in the monastery he studied the theology of the Greek Mikhail Thips. Later he moved to the Moscow Principality, where he became famous as the writer Mikhail Greek.
Here lived and worked Beato Angeliko. All the places of the monastery are decorated with its radiant frescoes. Now the monastery turned into a museum of the artist-monk Fra Angeliko and is called the Museum of the Monastery of San Marco.
A little further square Santissima Annunciat (Piazza Santissima Annunziata)on which the next church of the same name and Ospedal Del Innocenti (Ospedale del Innocenti).
Deli Innochy's campaign was conceived as an educational house for illegitimate and orphans. They decorated his best masters of that time - Botticelli, Gironajo.
This is the first Renaissance Construction Florence. Thoughtful clear plan, excellent light proportions, simple forms of permeated light and full of air facade create an impression of equilibrium and harmony. Later, in 1463-66, the intervals between the archived were decorated with colored ceramic medallions with the reliefs of the work of the Florentine sculptor Andrea Della Robbia. Reliefs depict roar babies.
Pepi Street (Via Dei Pepi) leads on santa Croce Square (Piazza Santa Croce). In antique times there was an amphitheater, in the Middle Ages, this area inhabited the poor.
And in 1295 the construction of the church began Santa Croce (Chiessa Santa Croce).
The windows of the church are decorated with stained glass windows. Basilica is built in the form of the Egyptian T-shaped cross and is the largest Franciscan temple of Italy.
The church is decorated with numerous frescoes and sculptures of Jotto, Donatello and other famous artists and sculptors.
About 300 famous Florentine workers culture, science and politicians were buried in the Church. Among them: Dante Aligiery, Galileo Galilee, Niccolo Maciavelli, Michelangelo Buonaroti, Joakkino Rossini other.
Tombstone Grave Galileo Galileo:
Michelangelo:
From Santa Croce Uffizi Gallery (Galleria Degli Uffizi) and signoria Square (Piazza Della Signoria).
Signoria Square - Heart Florence. For centuries, this area was the center of political life of Florence, the most important events of its history are connected with it. In 1378, armed "CHOMPI" - the participants of one of the first in the history of the uprisings of hired workers - stormed the building of Signory, or Palazzo Vecchio, from where the Medici ruled the city.
On this area of \u200b\u200bthe rulers Florence executed unprofitable. In 1498, the monk of Savonarol was burned here.
Palazzo Vecchio (Palazzo Vecchio) - the most important public building Florence and a unique sample of the secular architecture of the Middle Ages. It is a powerful fortress, the height of his watchtower reaches 94 m. Construction of Palazzo Vecchio continued from 1284 to 1341, the author of the project is considered the famous architect Arnoldo da Cambio.
Palazzo Vecchio was the residence of Signoria (the Government of the Republic), then the Dukes of Medici, later in the palace met the Lower Chamber of Parliament of the United Isalyst. Now there is a mayor's office, most of the museum is given.
On Signoria Square installed fountain Neptune.
On Signoria Square near the Palazzo Vecchio is the loggia dei Lanci, built in 1376-1382. Presumably in the drawing of Andrei Orkanya. This high and spacious three-time loggia was a parade room for official ceremonies. During the reign of the Duke of Kozimo I, the guardians-mercenaries were placed here.
Currently, wonderful statues are exhibited in the loggia, among which Perseus Benvenuto Chellin. At the entrance to Palazzo Vecchio rises a copy of a marble statue "David" Michelangelo.
Not far from the fountain there is an equestrian monument to Kozimo I Jambolonia.
Gallery Uffizi - One of the largest art gallery of Italy. The richest collection of Italian painting and sculpture; German, French, Dutch and Flemish art. Originals and copies of the ancient Greek and ancient Roman statues.
The palace was built in the form of two long buildings in 1560-1570. By order of Kozimo I, I was intended for the Office. The museum was opened in 1581.
Ponte Vecchio (Ponte Vecchio, Old Bridge) - the oldest and most famous of seven bridges in Florence, twisted across the Arno River.
Ponte Vecchio, what we know it now, was built in 1345 by the architect Taddeo Gaddi and is an elegant three-member design with numerous shops located on the sides of the bridge. Previously, butchers first traded here, then grocers, blacksmiths and other merchants. And later by order of the ruler Florence Ferdinand I here was allowed to trade only by jewelry. They trade now.
If you go along the waterfront and climb to square Michelangelo (Piazzale Michelangelo)then an amazing view of Florence.
Streets Florence.
Florence is a global tourism center, one of the most picturesque cities in the world. Architectural monuments, beautiful natural attractions, places of life of great masters, such as Michelangelo, Dante, Donatello and Makiavelli. It was here that the best creations of world musicians, artists and sculptors were born.
What to see in Florence yourself?
Beautiful places and main attractions: Photos with descriptions in Russian.
Santa Maria del Fiore
One of the most famous places of Florence is the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore - one of the most vintage and most majestic buildings of the city. It is located at the Cathedral Square in the center. The cathedral at first sight is impressive with its sizes: it is long - more than 150 meters, width - 100 meters.
The interior is made of the Gothic style, and the facade is decorated with marble plates and sculptural compositions. First of all it is worth climbing the dome. From there, there is a delightful view of Florence.
Gallery Uffizi
In the Uffizi Gallery, you can find the works of Italian and foreign artists of the 13-18th century: Michelangelo, Leonardo to Vinci, Botticelli, Raphael, Rubens and many others. This is one of the largest and old and old art museums in the world.
Also, the gallery stores a huge collection of self-portraits. All works are located in the halls in chronological order - only more than 50 halls.
Palazzo Vecchio
At first glance, it seems that the construction is simply cut down from a piece of rock. This building is originally government building, but now it performs the functions of the Town Hall. On the ground floor there is a five hundred hall, in which the People's Council began.
On the second floor there are many rooms, which are named after various mythical characters. At the highest Tower Arnolfo there are clocks that were installed in 1667 and work so far.
Basilica Santa Croce
Santa Croce Basilica is one of the largest Franciscan churches in the world, built in the 13th century. It consists of 16 chapels, which were built on request. This place was famous for the burials of the most famous people of Italy. The church is performed in the Gothic style.
Impressive a large number of windows decorated with excellent stained glass windows, a variety of frescoes, sculptures and paintings. On the square in front of the cathedral, different festivals and concerts are organized.
Ponte Vecchio
Ponte Vecchio - Bridge over the Arno River in Florence. It was built for a long time, in the 14th century, and preserved unchanged until today. This is not just a bridge: it was designed broad enough to make meat shops.
Now you can find there several souvenir and jewelry shops. An interesting feature of the bridge is the fact that a small corridor is located on it, built specifically for the duke of Kozimo. Under this corridor, the duke calmly passed from one chamber to another, bypassing the butchers.
Also, in the center of the bridge walls are interrupted so that everyone can admire the beautiful landscapes.
Palazzo Pitty
Palazzo Pitty is the ancient Ducal Palace and the Museum at the same time. He really deserves attention, his story is particularly interesting.
The construction of the palace began in the 15th century due to the quarrel of the family of Medici and Luke Pitti. The latter wanted to demonstrate its superiority to the family and put the palace at times better than them. But Luke did not live to the end of the structure.
The following hosts made it even more, and as a result, now this is a huge palace, which is impressive not only by its size, but also works of art that are now there.
Campanil Jotto
This bell tower is one of the best places to enjoy a beautiful view of the city. Its height is 90 meters. Named in honor of the architect, who was developing her project - Jotto di Bondon. Like many other attractions of Florence, Campanil is very old - built in 13-14 century. She was erected not one Jotto, in the history of the bell tower fits his name several architects, and this is noticeable.
The first four floors differ from the rest of the building, they look more coarse compared to light, as if the lace top.
Florentine Baptistery
This building has been preserved in Florence with ancient times. Then it was the temple of the god Mars, but through the time his statue was removed, and from the temple they made Baptistery.
Since then, the tradition has been preserved to bring on March 21 for the baptism of babies who were born in Florence. The temple is lined with a green stone outside and is painted with luxurious mosaics inside. The dome of the Baptistery from the inside is decorated with mosaics on biblical themes.
Santa Maria Novella
This church is one of those attractions, to the visit of which must be left for at least a couple of hours. Its facade is painted with white and black marble squares, which is why it looks like a casket.
The interior also deserves attention: a lot of impressive frescoes of famous artists not only of Italy, but also Greece, as well as stained glass windows on the windows. Inside reigns a calm and mysterious atmosphere.
Bargello
The building in which many of the Italian sculptures of all centuries is now collected, has a rich history: first the city council began to come here, then there were violators of the law, and after that, the soldiers of the Florentine army were served.
Today's Art Collection is one of the most famous in all of Italy. Here are the work of the Renaissance: Michelangelo and Donatello.
Kapella Medici
The physician was one of the most famous in the history of Italy. Therefore, Michelangelo itself was invited to update the facade of their family church. He had to become the same majestic as the Medici themselves, but, alas, all the works were in vain - there was not enough money to embody the project. But, nevertheless, Capella is a place to see.
Believers are buried at the sarcophagas below, many of whom are decorated with beautiful statues. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe chapel itself is very interesting: darkness reigns at the bottom and silence, there is a tragic atmosphere and even a little scary. The higher to the dome, the brighter becomes, and the parallel between this picture and the ideas about the light paradise in the sky involuntarily appears.
Palazzo Medici Riccardi
This structure is of great importance for the history of Italy. It was erected for the Medici family and became their generic nest. This house practically became a model for the buildings of other rich Florence - no one wanted to do his home the best, otherwise his owner would consider too important, arrogant.
The house is actually quite simple, but big. Inside, a small charming courtyard is hidden, which seems to soften the rudeness of the correct symmetric walls. The facade is the most simple - there is nothing except for the usual coarse stone. Inside the three floors hid many values \u200b\u200bof the Medici family.
San Marco
San Marco is different from the rest of the sights that you do not meet the crowd of tourists or pilgrims. This is a quiet monastery-museum, in which you can not only consider the frescoes of Italian painters for hours, but just be alone with you and take a break from the tourist bustle of the city.
Also here is a huge ancient library and reading room. Some monastery cells are also open to visit.
Santo Spirito
This church was built in the 15th century on the Bruneland project on the ruins of the burnt Augustinian monastery. According to the appearance of the architect, the temple was supposed to stand "face" to the river, but, alas, this idea did not work out to be implemented due to lack of space.
From above, the form of the church resembles the Latin Cross. Church walls are not decorated at all, but the interior is really a sample of sophistication. The church is also known that one of the works of Michelangelo - "Crucifix" is stored here.
Orsanmikele
At first glance, you are unlikely to guess that this is a church, and all because it was originally a granary, and only in several of his rooms was a temple. The building itself was built in the 14th century on the site of the old female monastery.
At the end of the 14th century, the plague epidemic began in Italy. A lot of people suffered, and those who survived, sacrificed almost all their church money as gratitude. Over time, the church ranked the first floor, and the grain was stored above the 16th century.
Now there are many famous original sculptures inside the church: St. Stephen, Matthew, etc., and their copies are decorated with facade.
Museum of Science and History Galileo
Have you ever heard of Galileo's first research? Would you like to see his first telescope? He, as well as cards, bicycles, data from Galileo experiments in gravity are in this museum.
In addition, there are 2 floors with exposures on the most different subjects in the field of science. On the last floor there are scientific meetings or temporary exhibitions are established for several days. This museum demonstrates the development of science in almost all its industries. It will be very interesting for adults, and for children.
Palace Davanentsati
This palace transfers visitors to Middle Ages: it is completely preserved from previous owners - a notable Florentine family. Everything has survived: furniture, dishes, well in the center for rainwater, children's drawings with coal on the wall - everything was as many years ago.
It will appeal to those travelers who already tired ordinary art galleries, and immediately you can see everything: from medieval fresco to baths and feel the old atmosphere.
La Spectos
La Spectos - Zoological Museum, find it very simple - he is near Palazzo Pitty. It is really stored a lot of interesting things: a unique collection of minerals, stuffed animals, fossils, natural rainuts.
But besides this, a large collection is located here - more than a thousand wax figures. These figures are accurate copies of human organs and they are really done well, some of them non-professional cannot be distinguished from these bodies. It looks really a little terrible, but interesting.
Leonardo da Vinci Museum
This museum is very rarely included in the tourist routes - and very in vain! He is small, but very entertaining and comes to the soul of the whole family. He is in an unsuccessful place - in the basement of the old castle, which was once part of the underground tunnel.
The museum contains the inventions known to the whole world Leonardo da Vinci - a "universal" scientist. There are models of various Leonardo machines - from cranes to hours. Each exhibit is supported by sketches and Vinci and his handwritten notes.
Capella Pazzi
Capella Pazzi is part of the Church of Santa Croce. In the 15th century, a strong fire happened on the territory of the church and it had to be rejected with almost scratch. At this time, Andrea Pazzi, a rich Italian merchant, agreed with the Church that he would pay the structure of Capella, which will serve as a place for the assembly of chickens and at the same time a place for the prayers of the family Andrea.
The Capella project created Bruneland architect. The main difficulty in creating the project was that there were very few places for Capells, but still it was all possible to create a perfectly simple and harmonious structure.
Educational house
Another wonderful building of Bruneland - the orphanage - according to many art historians, greatly affected the development of world architecture. Its facade was really unique for the buildings of that time: a loggia with a column of 70 meters long, white on a smooth wall, and all columns are separated by gray.
From the 15th century, when she was built, it was still decorated and improved. Today, the building has retained all its unique beauty and charitable intentions: now there are shelters, nursery, UNICEF office, etc.
Dante House Museum
This is a house where Dante Aligiery lived - the Great Italian sings and thinker. Everything is saved here since the time: Dante's own manuscript, furniture, documents, poet clothes. All this, like nothing else helps to understand the time in which he lived and sings, his era, his Florence. In addition, there is a large collection of memos associated with Dante's life after expulsion.
National Archaeological Museum of Florence
The museum opened in the second half of the 19th century for the storage of the Etruscan and Roman collections of art. Over time, the museum expanded more and more. The artifacts of the history of Rome and Egypt were added. Most of all this was kept personally in the Medici family.
From the most famous memos of history here, the bronze statue of the Chimera from Arezzo, the ancient statue of Matuta, sarcophagi 4-2 centuries BC, the Roman statue of IDolino di Pesaro, the second largest collection of the ancient Egyptian artifacts in the world.
Trucking workshop of gems
The workshop-museum of precious stones is not very popular with tourists, but nevertheless, this is a very interesting place. The museum's basis is the Medici family collection: ancient panel, furniture, paintings and mosaics of stones.
Now the museum is afraid of the Opificio Delle Pietre Dure Institute, which is restored by such things, which also opened a school for future restorers.
Kaza-Buonaroti
Kaza-Buonaroti - Museum, fully dedicated to Michelangelo Buonaroti - the great Italian artist and the sculptor of the Renaissance. The collection takes 2 floors and contains about 200 paintings, including the "Battle of Centaurs", "Madonna with a baby" and many others; There are also stored letters, the archive of the Bonarrot family, the sculptural portrait of the artist himself.
In addition to all this, temporary exhibitions are often held in the museum, dedicated to different periods of Michelangelo.
Gallery costume
This gallery represents the evolution of clothing and accessories from the 18th century and to today. There is something to see: Vintage outfits, which belonged to the notable features of Italy, theatrical costumes, even stands with linen. In general, more than 6,000 outfits of Italian designers are presented here for several centuries.
The gallery is pretty muted light, because with bright lighting of the fabric destroyed, and it gives even more mystery and magic of these lush outfits that witnessed history.
Loggia del Bigallo
This building in the Gothic style attracts a view of large arches, vaulted windows on the second floor, Italian sophistication and refinement.
His story for someone was very sad. Another 14th century, the building serves for charitable purposes: there was a hospital here, and then shelter for children. They were even put out in the windows with the hope that parents or relatives could find their children or some kind of family will deepen and choose a child for adoption.
Boboli gardens
Boboli gardens are located next to Palazzo Pitti. This park is considered one of the best in Europe: there are many beautiful fountains, arbors, antique sculptures from ancient times. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe park belongs to Eleanor Toledo from the Medici family.
She invited the best architects of Italy of the 16th century to propagate the most best park. In times, a variety of celebrations and techniques were held here. Now there are often exhibitions and theatrical ideas.
Basilica San Lorenzo
The church is located in the heart of the city. She is very old: it was founded in the 4th century and since then has been rebuilt very many times. The last project belongs to Bruneland. Almost all representatives of the Medici family are buried here and precisely because many burials are decorated with sculptures and mosaics. The dome of the church is painted by frescoes.
Among all this, there is a large ancient library, in which in addition to different books, the Bible 8 of the century and the ancient Roman Encyclopedia is stored.
Cathedral Square
Cathedral Square or Piazza del Duomo is the main area of \u200b\u200bFlorence, the center of its religious, cultural and artistic life. It is here that most of all the sights of the city are located.
This area became the main thing in the city for a long time, in the 12th century, after the construction of the Jotto bell tower and Santa Maria del fiior began here. It was these buildings that the Renaissance development began.
Palazzo Strozzy
Palazzo Strozzi - Palace, built in about the 16th century by order of Filippo Strozzi, who died and without waiting for the completion of construction. For the example of the palace, a family nest of Medici was taken.
This is a rather large building, for the structure of which many residential houses were demolished. It attracts his facing from convex stones, which looks harmoniously with large vaulted windows and protruding eaves. At the corners there are forged iron lanterns, and a small courtyard is hiding inside.
Today, the Institute of Humanitarian Sciences is located here, as well as various exhibitions and events are often held.
San Miniato al-Monte
This church is the ability to relax in the soul, will contact the eternal, get the inner peace and peace. The look is clinging peculiar and unique ornaments: vegetable and animals, as well as an interesting mosaic.
She is a bright example of the Florentine Romanesque style, as the church has not yet been reconstructed, it remained as special, free and spacious.
Republic Square
The Republic Square is considered to be the historical center of Florence. Since the reasons of the city, there was a Roman forum, then the square turned into the market.
Now there are often street exhibitions. Festivals, theatrical actions, protrusions of street musicians. This area is a favorite place of children, since in her center there is a large carousel, which is very beautifully highlighted in the evening.
It's nice to just sit here in the evening, relax after a busy day in one of the cafes, which are very much here.
Museum Marino Marini
Marino Marini - sculptor and painter with Italy of the 20th century. His museum is located in the very center of Florence. The museum is relatively young, opened only at the end of the last century. He was engaged in abstract painting and sculpture.
This museum is considered the first museum of contemporary art in the city. It does not look like everyone else: sculptures express the complex inner state of the sculptor, they are both complex for complete perception and at the same time thin and gentle.
All the attractions of Florence cannot be accepted even in a week, so come, enjoy and get new unforgettable impressions!
Cozy-located in the picturesque banks of the Arno River Italian Florence - the administrative center of the Tuscany region and one of the oldest and most beautiful cities in Europe.
Florence was founded in the 1st century BC. Romans as a settlement for soldiers-veterans of the Roman army and was called in those times of Florence, which translated "blooming". The city was built on the principle of a military camp, and, like most of the ancient Roman settlements, had a rectangular shape and grid crossing each other at the right angle of roads. The intersection of the main streets of the Roman Florence Cardo and Dekumanos were on the site of the modern area of \u200b\u200bthe republic.
Since the city was located on the so-called Cassieway road (the main path from Rome north), as well as taking into account the fertile valley of the Arno River, Florence developed rapidly and soon turned into an important shopping center. In the 3rd century AD. The Roman Emperor Diocletian made Florence the capital of the province of Tushi, and in the 4th century the city became the residence of the bishop.
In the next century, Florence was in the epicenter of the war between the Byzantines and Ostrov: the city fell into decay, the population was greatly reduced. The relative world was established only with the arrival in the 6th century Langobards. In 774, Florence was conquered by Karl the Great and became part of the Duchy of Tuscany.
Middle Ages and New Time
The real era of heyday begins for Florence already in 1000, when Marcgraf Hugo made the city with his residence. From the same period, he has its own history and the so-called "golden age of Florentine Art", which further has a tremendous impact on the development of the entire European culture. The Tuscan dialect subsequently lay down the basis of modern Italian.
In 1115, Florence becomes the capital of the Independent Florentine Republic, is actively constructed and develops, continuing to increase its economic power and influence. Soon, Florence already occupies one of the key positions of the political Olympus medieval Italy, and its Golden Florin is one of the most stable European currencies.
By the 14th century, the economy of Florence reached an unprecedented rise, and the city became the leading center of Italian Renaissance, on the World History Such legendary names like Dante, Leonardo da Vinci, Petrarca, Michelangelo, Machiavelli, Boccaccio, etc. A great influence on the cultural flourishing of Florence was provided by the Dynasty of Medici, centuries patronizing the talented people of their time and headed by the Florentine Republic in 1434.
In 18-19 centuries (after the preventation of the genus Medici), Florence was under the influence of the Austrian crown, and then France. In 1861, Florence as part of Tuscany became part of the Kingdom of Italy. From 1865 to 1871, the city was the capital of Italy and undergoed during this period a number of fundamental changes in his architectural appearance. Unfortunately, in connection with the modernization of the historical center of Florence, many medieval buildings were destroyed.
Today, Florence is an important economic, industrial and cultural center of Italy, and also enters the top 50 recognized capitals of world fashion. An entertaining centuries-old history and an abundance of cultural, architectural and historical monuments every year attracts many tourists from all over the world to Florence. Among the most interesting and iconic attractions of Florence, which must be visited, it is worth noting the Palazzo Vecchio, the Basilica San Miniato, the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore and, of course, the Uffizi Gallery, which is considered to be one of the best artistic museums in the world.
Since in the XIX century, interest in the art of Renaissance has been reborn, Florence has become a cult place for beauty fans. This is a city of incomparable advantages, where the chapels, galleries and museums give rise to a complex, joyful feeling of the Spirit of Renaissance, much more intense than in other cities of Italy. The city became the largest art center thanks to the patronage of the genius of Medici, who ruled Florence for three centuries.
The most famous representative of the genus Medici was Lorenzo magnificent. In Florence, you can see the most famous works of Western European art, including David Michelangelo at the Academy and Birth of Venus Botticelli in the Uffizi Gallery. However, keep in mind that these and other attractions can observe the crowd of tourists, and in the peak of the season waiting in line at the entrance to the Uffizi or in Duomo (the Cathedral) often takes two to three hours.
However, there is an opportunity to visit the less famous museums: Bargello, where there is a famous women's "David" Donatello, Museum Opera del Duomo, Capelli Medici with magnificent sculptures of Michelangelo and Capell Brankachchi with remarkably bright Mazacho frescoes. To feel the charm of Florentine life, go to the central market and neighboring street bazaars either look into gorgeous shops on Via de Tornabuoni. Florence can be a rather nervous activity: a huge number of tourists overwhelms the city, the street movement is difficult. Wander through the streets in such conditions is not always nice.
Arrival and accommodation in Florence
From the International Airport to the Central Florentine Station of Santa Maria Novella (in schedules, it is referred to as "Firenze SMN") regularly walk trains (1 hour). Flights accepts a small Florentine airport of Peretola 5 kilometers from the city, from where the bus goes to the central bus station near the station. The main turbuer is located on Via Cavour 7-R, north of Duomo (Monday-Saturday 8.30-19.00, Sunday 8.30-14.00); Opposite the station is his branch.
It is best to walk around the city on foot, but if you need to quickly overcome a long distance, sit down in ATAF orange buses (tickets operate within an hour and sold in tobacco kiosks). You can rent a bike (1.50 euro / hour, 8 euro / day) at the station (about other rental locations in the turbule). Cheap hotels are located near the station, near Via Faenza and Via Fiume, as well as Via Della Scala and Piazza Santa Maria Novella.
Also recommended hotels on Via Cavour, north of Domoo, and in the area of \u200b\u200bOlterrino on the southern shore Arno. In addition, you need in advance. Through the Bureau of Informazioni Turistiche Alberghiere at the station (daily 8.45-20.00) for a small fee you can book housing at the last moment. In the center, on Piazzale Michelangelo, Viale Michelagelo 80, there is a MICHELANNO Camping.
- Hotels Florence
1). Hotel Ausonia E Rimini - The hospitable hotel with access to the Internet is halfway between the station and the market. Location: Via Nazionale 24;
2). Hotel Azzi / Locanda Degli Artisti - Beautiful hotel, where your requirement will provide musical instruments and paints. Location: Via Faenza 56;
3). Hotel Brunetta. - Hospitable hotel in the historic center, east of Duomo. Location: Borgo Pinti 5;
4). Hotel Elite. - Two-star hotel near Santa Maria Novella. Location: Via Della Scala 12;
5). Hotel Maxim. - A cozy two-star hotel near Duomo is located in the XVII century building. Rooms with all amenities. Location: Via Dei Calzaiuoli 11.
- Hostels Florence
1). Hostel Istituto Gould. - This youth hostel is no less comfortable than the hotel, so make a preliminary order. 21-41 euros. Location: Via Dei Serragli 49, Oltrarno;
2). Hostel Ostello Villa Camerata - Hi-hostel is located in a beautiful park outside the city, half an hour from the station by bus number 17. Commandant hour 24.00. 17 euros. Location: VIALE RIGHI 2;
3). Hostel Santa Monaca. - A very popular hostel is located in the XV century monastery. Commandant hour 1.00. 17 euros. Location: Via Santa Monaca 6, Oltrarno;
4). Suore Oblate Dell Assunzione Hostel - The youth hostel is located near Duomo and owns a religious organization. Only single and double rooms. Commandant hour 24.00. Single room costs 38 euros. Location: Via Borgo Pinti 15;
5). Hostel Suore Oblate Dello Spirito Santo - A very clean and pleasant institution, intended only for women, a few steps from the station. One, two and trifle rooms. Commandant hour 23.00. Be sure to stay at least within two days. November - mid-june closed. Location: Via Nazionale 8.
Attractions of Florence (Italy)
The main sights of Florence are concentrated on the space that you can walk in half an hour. Those who arrived here for the first time are usually moving from the station in the direction of Piazza del Duomo, on which the Cathedral is towers. The main place of the walking of Florentinees is a pedestriancy of Via Dei Calzaiuoli, coming south from the cathedral, along which numerous shops lined up. Prospect ends at Piazza Della Signoria, on which there is an elegant loggia of Della Signoria to the end of the XIV century. The area is decorated with statues, including a copy of David Michelangelo. Streets west of the square have retained the medieval appearance.
- Cathedral Duomo
Duomo, Cathedral of Florence (Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.00), was built at the end of the XIII - the middle of the XV centuries. The initial draft of the cathedral belongs to Arnolfo di Cambio, and Filippo Brunnelesci was created by the majestic dome. This is the fourth cathedral in the world. In the interior, the monuments are attracted by Curbothera: fresco, written by the studio in 1436 and depicting the equestrian statue of Sir John Hawkwood, and a similar fresco of Kastano in honor of Niccolo and Tolentino, created twenty years later. Seven round stained glass windows studied, Hibey, Kastano and Donatello are striking.
It is best to consider them from the gallery leading to the dome, from where a wonderful panorama opens. Nearby is the bell tower, or Campanil (daily 8.30-19.00), the construction of which was started in 1334 by Jotto and continued after his death Andrea Pisano and Francesco Talenti. The only part of the tower, erected in accurately according to the Jotto project, is its lower tier with two rows of bas-reliefs. On the contrary, there is a Baptistery (Monday-Saturday 12.00-19.00, Sunday 8.30-14.00), dating from the VI-VII centuries - this is the most ancient building of the city.
The main jewel of the Baptistery is gilded bronze doors, created at the beginning of the XV century Lorenzo Hibriti, Michelangelo called them "paradise gates." Baptistery door bas-reliefs - an innovative work, where a perspective and complex grouping of objects were almost first used to transfer human relations. On the eastern door you can see a self-portrait of Hiberti (left sash, fourth head on top in the right part). The interior is striking by the mosaic floor and the ceiling of the XIII century and the tomb of John XXIII under the magnificent marble donathello's marble donatchin and his student Micolelozzo.
- Palazzo Vecchio, Uffizi Gallery and Bargello Museum
On Tyazza Della Signoria filled with tourists (Piazza della Signoria) rises a grace building - Palazzo Vecchio (Monday-Sunday 9.00-19.00, Thursday to 14.00), the construction of which began in 1299. Here were the meetings of Signoria - the Government of the Republic of the Republic. The huge Hall of Ginkvuene, created at the end of the 15th century, is painted with frescoes of vazari, representing the heroic episodes of the history of Florence. Opposite the entrance - the statue of the victory of the work of Michelangelo, originally intended for the decoration of the tomb of Julia II, but subsequently presented by the nephew of the sculptor family of Medici.
Sightly from Signoria Square is a Gallery of the Uffusion (Tuesday-Sunday 8.15-18.50; Summer Saturday until 22.00) - the largest art museum of Italy, whose meeting is impossible at a time. Among the works of the Epoch of the Early Revival, you can see three prescript images of Madonna in Glava, created by Chimabue, Duccu and Jotto. One of the most famous Renaissance images of Our Lady - "Madonna with a baby and two angels" Filippo Lippi.
Here are the most famous creations of Botticelli, including the "Allegory of Spring" and "Birth of Venus", as well as the "Annunciation" Leonardo da Vinci (Angel in the picture Vokkio "Baptism" also written Leonardo). In the hall 18, you can see the most famous sculptures belonging to Medici, including Aphrodite Medica, and in the hall 25 - TDODO Donon, Michelangelo, which became the object of numerous imitation of mannerist artists of the XVI century. A number of works of Rafael and Titian, as well as large works of Rubens, Wang Dequean, Caravaggio and Rembrandt, is a number of works.
Bargello Museum (Tuesday-Saturday 8.15-13.50) is just north, on Via Del Proconsolo. The meeting includes Michelangelo, Cellini and Jamball, including the most famous work of the latter - the Bronze Statue of Mercury. In the hall at the top there is a bronze "David" Donatello (beginning of the 1430s) - the first round sculpture of the Renaissance era. Donatello made a bold step, depicting a naked male body, as did the antiquity masters. The Broncetti Hall presents the best to the collection of samples of the bronze sculpture of the Renaissance, including many virtuoso works of Jambolonese.
- Northern Florence (Basilica San Lorenzo and surroundings)
Basilica San Lorenzo (daily 10.00-17.00) North of Piazza del Duomo is considered the oldest in Florence - throughout almost three hundred years she served as the Cathedral of the city. In the covered galleries on the left side there is a library of Medica Laurenzian (Monday-Saturday 9.00-13.30; for free), created by the project Michelangelo in 1524. Particularly impresses the lobby, almost completely engaged in flights, which resemble the frozen Lava.
But the most famous Creation of Michelangelo in San Lorenzo is a new Celli Sacrytia Medici (Tuesday-Sunday 8.15-17.00; a separate entrance behind the Church), created in 1524-1533. On the left is the tomb of Lorenzo, the Duke of Urbinsky and the grandson of Lorenzo magnificent, with the morning figures and evening, embodying the idea of \u200b\u200bcontemplation. On the contrary, there is a tomb of the younger son Lorenzo magnificent Juliano with the figures of the day and night, personifying an effective, active start.
East of San Lorenzo is the Academy (Tuesday-Sunday 8.15-18.50) - the first to the school of painting, where the public rushes to look at the "David" Michelangelo. This sculpture was completed by the Master in 1504, when he was only 29 years old. It is made of a huge marble boulder with inimitable technical perfection. In the Gallery of the Academy, you can see the unfinished "slaves" Michelangelo.
- Eastern part of Florence (Church and Museum of Santa Croce)
Down the river is the Church of Santa Croce (Monday-Saturday 9.30-17.30, Sunday 13.00-17.00; 3 euros, including a museum), the construction of which began in 1294. It is distinguished by the abundance of tombs and monuments, including the Monument of Michelangelo, the work of Vazari and the tomb of Galilee, created in 1737, when it was decided to pay a great scientist to the honors. But tourists mainly come to look at the frescoes of Jotto in Kapella Peruszi and Bardi Chapel on the right of the altar, depicting episodes from the life of John the Baptist and St. John the Evangelist.
In the Santa Croce Museum (9.30-17.30, Sunday 13.00-17.00, Wednesday is closed) A variety of works of art are kept, including the "crucifix" damaged "Crucifix" and a huge bronze statue of St. Louis of Toulouse work Donatello. Harmonious Capella Pazzi (1430-1470), built on the project of Bruneles, a few years after the death of the architect, is notable for decorative decoration created by Luka Della Robbia.
- South part of Florence (Oltrarno and surrounding area)
Bridge of the XIII century Ponte Vecchio, on both sides of which jewelery shops are located, leads from the city center to the village of Oltrarno. If you go in the western direction by Santo Spirito Square, then get straight to the church of Santa Maria del Carmina, where you can see a great restored frescoes Mazacho in Brankachchi Caperel (Monday and Saturday 10.00-17.00, Sunday 13.00-17.00), including "Exile from Paradise" to the left of the entrance: Adam in despair closes his face with his hands, and Eva shouts, throwing her head. All other frescoes are devoted to episodes from the life of St. Peter.
The most famous fresco is "a miracle with stir", where Mazacho depicts St. Peter three times: in the center next to Christ - talking with Mytarem, to the left - by removing the coin from the mouth of the fish and right - the ITARA who gives this coin. South of Santo Spirito Square is a massive building - Palazzo Pitty. In this palace of the XV century now there are six different museums. The best of them is the Palatine Gallery (Tuesday-Sunday 8.15-18.50; in summer on Saturday to 22.00) with a magnificent collection of works of Rafael and Titian.
Most of the first floor occupy the front halls, which can also be inspected. Boboli's huge garden (Tuesday-Sunday 8.15-16.30 / 19.30) at Pitti Palace Polon statues, gazebos, grotes (including buonthalent grotto) and all sorts of other fiction in the spirit of manherism. The Church of San Miniato Al Monte (daily 8.00-12.30 and 14.30-19.00) with an unusual interior, a little changed from the middle of the XI century. At the bottom of the Church, the floor rims the marble panels with the ornament (1207 year), and between the stairs leading to the choir, there is a daochor of the work of Micolelozz (1448). All of the above attractions can be seen during.
Food, Drinks and Nightlife Florence
Food and drinks for a picnic can be bought in the Central Market (Mercato Centrale) a little east of the station - there are bars with acceptable prices. You can go to the Vinaio wine cellar, where CROStini offers other snacks. Florence specialize in the preparation of dishes from bits: the counters with Trippai are available on the central market and on Piazza de Nerli. Information on current events can be obtained in Box Office, Via Alamanni 39, or in Firenze Spettacolo and Informa Citta magazines. In May, Maggio Musicale festival is held in Florence, and on June 24, on the Day of the Saint Patron of Florence (Festa Di San Giovanni), the Grand Fireworks and free concerts are organized.
- Restaurants and cafes Florence
1). Restaurant Al Tranvai - Delicious and inexpensive dishes of Florentine cuisine. Location: Piazza T. Tasso 14 / R;
2). Restaurant Antica Mescita San Niccolo - incomparable cheeses and a wide range of wines, as well as excellent Tuscan soups. On Sundays closed. Location: Via San Niccolo 60 / R;
3). Restaurant Benvenuto. - From the street, this establishment is more like a gastronomic store than on the Trattoria - Gnocchi and Arista are preparing here in controunding. On Sundays closed. Location: Via Della Mosca 16 / R;
4). Restaurant Da Mario. - establishment, popular among students and market workers. Get ready to wait until the table is free. In the evening closed. Location: Via Rosina 2g;
5). Restaurant Belle Donne. - In this cozy, the walls are hung with flowers and fruits, and the menu is represented by local dishes. Location: Via Delle Belle Donne 16 / R;
6). Restaurant Borgo Antico. - Vivalent Trattoria with excellent sea products, home paste and street tables in summer. Location: Piazza Santo Spirito 6-R;
7). Cafe Vinaio I Fratellini - Typical Florentine wine cellar. Location: Via Dei Cimatori 38;
8). Cafe vivoli. - Best ice cream in the city. On Mondays closed. Location: Via Isola Delle Stincite 7 / R, near Santa Croce;
9). Cafe Za-Za - Several tables on the first floor, and below - a large dining room. Location: Piazza Del Mercato Centrale 26 / R.
- Bars and nightclubs of Florence
1). Bar BZF Vallecchi. - Beautiful bookstore / bar with live music and DJs. Aperitifs and film images, free internet access. It works daily from 16.00 to 2.00. Location: Via Panicale 61 / R;
2). Bar Dolce Vita. - Fashionable nightlife, where small art exhibitions are arranged. Monday is Saturday from 17.30 to 1.30. Location: Piazza Del Carmine;
3). Bar Porfirio Rubirosa. "You can go here to a late dinner or campaign to a nightclub." Opening hours: Tuesday-Sunday 20.00-1.00. Location: VIALE STROZZI 38-R;
4). Bar Rex. - Good music, a variety of public, tasty snacks and cocktails. Opening hours: Wednesday-Monday 17.00-2.30. Location: Via Fieolana 25 / R, Santa Croce;
5). Space Electronic Night Club - Club, loved by foreign youth, opens at 22.00. Bus number 6 from Duomo. Location: Via Palazzuolo 37;
6). TENAX night club - The largest club of the city and one of the main musical sites. Opening hours: Friday and Saturday from 22.00. Bus 29 or 30. Location: Via Pratese 47;
7). Night club Yab Yum - Club in the city center, where they fulfill the best dance music. Opening hours: Monday-Saturday from 20.00. Location: Via de Sassetti 5 / R;
8). Bar zoe. - Calated cocktail bar with an open platform. Location: Via Dei Renail 13 / R, Oltrarno.
In contact with