As one of the most worthy and great Russian writers and poets would say: "Who did not breathe the mountainous Caucasian air - he did not live ..".
In this article we will talk about the Caucasian Mineral Waters. What is good about this resort of the Caucasus and what is unique in Ming. waters.
The Caucasus is not just mountains, chic nature, springs, springs, eagles over ravines, vipers on mountain roads between rundodendron placers, the Caucasus is a special spirit, a special culture, this is not to be found anywhere else, severe, wild, proud, very beautiful, sometimes virgin region.
Caucasian Mineralnye Vody is a group of resorts of federal significance in the Stavropol Territory, a specially protected ecological resort region of the Russian Federation.
South of the European part of Russia. The resort includes cities and territories:
“The region-agglomeration of Caucasian Mineral Waters, having an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 500 thousand hectares (5.3 thousand sq. Km), is located on the territory of three constituent entities of the Russian Federation within the boundaries of the district sanitary protection:
in the Stavropol Territory - the cities and resort towns of Georgievsk, Mineralnye Vody (including the Kumagorsk resort and the resort area of \u200b\u200bNaguta), Pyatigorsk, Zheleznovodsk, Lermontov, Essentuki, Kislovodsk, as well as the Georgievsky, Mineralovodsky and Predgorny districts themselves - 58% of the entire region;
in Kabardino-Balkaria - Zolsky district - 9% (therapeutic mud of Lake Tambukan, Valley of Narzanov and more);
in Karachay-Cherkessia - Malokarachaevsky and Prikubansky districts - 33% of the territory (zone of formation of mineral springs). ”
The location of the resort, to put it mildly, is chic:
“The region of Caucasian Mineral Waters occupies the southern part of the Stavropol Territory and is located on the northern slopes of the Main Caucasian Range, only a couple of tens of kilometers from Elbrus. The other here seems to be earth, the other is heaven.
From far away you can see motionless white clouds, which upon approach turn out to be snowy peaks of the Caucasus Mountains. The southern borders of the district are the foothills of Elbrus, the valley of the Hasaut and Malki rivers; in the west - the upper reaches of the Eshkakon and Podkumka rivers; the northern border of the region is the city of Mineralnye Vody, beyond which the steppe expanses of the Ciscaucasia begin. ”
Very close to the Stavropol Territory the famous resorts of the Krasnodar Territory, Sochi:
“In the west and south-west, the Stavropol Territory borders on the Krasnodar Territory, in the north-west with the Rostov Region, in the north and northeast with Kalmykia, in the east with Dagestan, in the southeast with the Chechen Republic, in the south with North Ossetia- Alania, Karachay-Cherkess and Kabardino-Balkarian republics. "
About Caucasian Mineral Waters resorts in video:
There are many sources of mineral waters in the Caucasian Mineral Waters, because the region is not so simply named for this. The name of the most important city - Essentuki - appears on the bottles of medicinal water, known to everyone for a couple of decades.
And the water really has healing properties, unlike the products with which the store shelves are clogged.
In addition, there are many springs, waterfalls, salt and mud springs in the region.
The resort has existed since the beginning of the 18th century, more precisely, the first mention of it is dated this time. All efforts were directed at equipping the region, so in the 20th century the resort became the largest in Russia, and the most healing.
The most famous cities and resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters:
Kumagorsk
Nagutsk
Zheleznovodsk
Pyatigorsk
Essentuki
Kislovodsk
Kislovodsk the highest mountain resort, it is located at an altitude of 817-1063 m above sea level, the lowest mountain point of Kislovodsk is 750 m above sea level, and the highest is 1409 m (on the Big Saddle in Kislovodsk Park).
“Kislovodsk is located in the south of the Stavropol Territory, almost on the border with Karachay-Cherkessia and Kabardino-Balkaria, 65 km from Mount Elbrus.
The city is located in a small and cozy picturesque valley, surrounded by the slopes of the Main Caucasian Range and formed by the gorges of two merging rivers - Olkhovka and Beryozovka, which flow into the Podkumok River. The length of the valley from southeast to northwest is about 7 km. ”
The weather here is almost always good:“The climate of the KavMinVod region has long been highly appreciated by balneologists and has been successfully used as a therapeutic factor. The main advantages of the local climate are associated with a large number of sunny days - in Kislovodsk only 37-40 days a year are without sun.
It is comparatively dry, moist air masses from the Black Sea do not reach here - they are delayed by the Main Caucasian Range. ”
« By the number of sunny days, Kislovodsk is not inferior to the best resorts in the world.On average, the number of clear days in Kislovodsk is about 150 a year, while in Pyatigorsk - 98, in Zheleznovodsk - 112, and in Essentuki - 117. The number of cloudy days is also small - an average of 61 days per year.
The air in Kislovodsk is always clean, mostly dry and invigorating. Kislovodsk stands out among other KavMinVod resorts due to its mostly quiet weather, without strong winds and low humidity in winter, which varies from 56 to 70% during the day, which has a beneficial effect on the health of spa residents. ”
In January, there was 18 degrees of heat, sub-zero temperatures reached 20 degrees, but much more often the temperature at this time of year is around zero or “slight minus”. The hottest months are July, August, and temperature, depending on the location near or in the distance of mountains, snowy gorges, from 4-5 degrees Celsius to 37 degrees heat.
All resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters are primarily therapeutic, but Kislovodsk, Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk - especially. After Sochi, Kislovodsk is the second city in the number of health resorts, sanatoriums.
A third of all medical institutions in the region are located here. In Kislovodsk is the source of the famous acidic mineral water - Narzan.
Built on the site of a former fortress, the city is now replete with green spaces and orchards, in number - a very small town: 130 thousand people.
Most health resorts in Kislovodsk have a medical profile for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, nervous diseases and respiratory organs.
In addition to health resorts, mineral springs and other beauties of the city, one of the most striking sights is the Resort Park, its area is 948 hectares, which is comparable to the huge city parks of Europe and the world.
“The park is located on both sides of the Olkhovka River and contains over 250 species of trees and shrubs, including cedar, fir, birch, pine, spruce, black walnut, Chinese paulownia, cork tree, etc. In the alpine part of the park, more 800 species of herbaceous plants.
In the park there are nurseries of ornamental plants, greenhouses. More than 80 varieties of plentifully blooming roses have been planted on the "Place of Roses" and in the "Valley of Roses". Squirrels accustomed to taking food from people's hands, various species of birds acclimatized in the park.
"The Red Stones overlooking several places of the park and are sandstones with a red-brown color and various forms of weathering are a natural monument."
The park has a therapeutic walking route - terrenkur. And in Kislovodsk itself there are several dozen large and popular resorts.
Despite the fact that resorts and cities are located close to each other - the atmosphere in them is very different. So, in Zheleznovodsk there is a different air, a slightly different climate - in comparison with other resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters.
Zheleznovodsk - The most dynamically developing resort Kavminvod. In 2003, he was awarded the title "Best City of Russia" among small towns.
The climate here is mountain-forest, similar to the climate of the Middle Alps. Long-term meteorological observations made it possible to attribute it to the mountain-forest, mid-mountain alpine, moderately dry.
The air is saturated with oxygen and phytoncides of the forest. Moderately hot summers with cool nights, a large number of sunny days with light, refreshing winds, winters are not cold. ”
The population of Zheleznovodsk is only about 25 thousand people, however, despite the small number of inhabitants, the city is truly a pearl not only among the resorts of the Stavropol Territory, but also throughout Russia.
Yes, there are few inhabitants, and there are many more guests: for example, health resorts (about two dozen sanatoriums) in Zheleznovodsk can host up to 80 thousand tourists. The direction of treatment is mainly - diseases of the digestive system, kidneys, metabolic disorders.
Over 20 sources of mineral water and several mud waters.
Pyatigorskmore, so to say, “struck by industrialization” than the small in number of citizens and remote cities of Stavropol. Pyatigorsk has about 145 thousand inhabitants, well-developed industry, trade, science.
“Within the city are Mount Mashuk (993.7 m, with a 112-meter broadcast tower installed on it) and its spurs.
The climate in Pyatigorsk is characterized by mild winters and hot summers. Due to the large amount of water resources and mild climate, the city has picturesque ponds, forest belts and parks.
The resort area, rich in underground mineral water sources, is relatively poor in surface water resources.
The tourist infrastructure of the resort town of Pyatigorsk includes:
More than 30 health resorts and spa facilities. Annually they are visited by over 200 thousand people a year (225-250 thousand people a year in 16 sanatoriums and 7 boarding houses - in the second half - the end of the 80s);
43 travel agencies and organizations;
17 hotels;
The city and Pyatigorye have enormous tourist potential and are entitled to compete with leading European resorts and balneological health resorts. ”
Pyatigorsk has many museums, theaters, historical monuments, libraries, beautiful places. The city has parks and fountains.
“The surrounding mountains are adorned with natural forests, in which mighty oaks and snow-white birches, honey-bearing maples and lindens grow, and in autumn cornel, hawthorn, rosehip, barberry, and mountain ash blush with berries.
The fauna because of the proximity of the city is not so diverse, but tourists are invariably pleased with squirrels, which can be found even in small squares in the very center of the city. In the summer, swans swim on the pond of the Kirov Park. ”
Essentuki.“The city is located at an altitude of 640 m above sea level, in the valley of the Podkumok River, at the confluence of the Bugunta River, 17 km from Pyatigorsk.
Distance to the regional center: 200 km.
Climate
The climate is continental, mountain-steppe. The average July temperature is +27.4 ° C. "
The population of about 105 thousand people, many health resorts, more than 20 mineral springs, the main direction of treatment is “diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and metabolism”.
Yessentuki hosts festivals, cultural events, and there are many cultural institutions.
It’s not without reason that the resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters have just such a name: the main attraction and the main treasure of the region are the sources of mineral waters. And if someone was not here, then everyone drank mineral water.
In 2000, almost 500 thousand people rested and recovered their health.
The program “Genius of the place” tells about the sights of the Caucasian Mineral Waters:
Caucasian Mineral Waters in first place in popularity among Russians among Russian resorts:
“The Association of Russian Tour Operators (ATOR) analyzed the most popular domestic tourism destinations in the summer of 2014, resorts of the Krasnodar Territory (Sochi, Anapa, Gelendzhik, Tuapse) were on the first line of the rating, Crimea was the second, on the third, fourth and fifth lines are Caucasian Mineral Waters, The Golden Ring and Karelia, respectively, Baikal took the sixth position. "
CAUCASIAN MINERAL WATERS - the main balneo-mud resort of Russia.
Caucasian Mineral Waters (Cavminvody, CMS) - this is a group of resorts of federal significance in the Stavropol Territory, a specially protected eco-resort region of the Russian Federation. Caucasian Mineral Waterthey are located in the south of the European part of Russia, at almost the same distance from the Black and Caspian Seas, - within the junction of the Mineralovodsk Oblique Plain and the northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus. Through territory Cavminvod there is an electrified railway Moscow - Rostov - Baku with a branch to Kislovodsk (and a branch to Zheleznovodsk), an asphalted federal highway Rostov - Baku M29. Mineralnye Vody Airport connects CMS with direct airlines to all major centers of Russia and neighboring countries, and also operates flights to non-CIS countries. CMS Regional Centeris a city Essentuki. Earlier this status belonged to the city of Pyatigorsk, and even earlier - to Georgievsk.
The region of Caucasian Mineral Waters It occupies the southern part of the Stavropol Territory and is located on the northern slopes of the Main Caucasus Range, only a couple of tens of kilometers from Elbrus. The southern borders of the KMV region are the foothills of Elbrus, the valley of the Khasaut and Malki rivers, in the west - the upper reaches of the Eshkakona and Podkumka rivers, the northern border of the region is Mineralnye Vody, beyond which the steppes of the Ciscaucasia begin.
Mud resort Caucasian Mineral Waters was created by decree of Emperor Alexander I at the beginning of the 19th century. At first it was used as a place for the rehabilitation and treatment of officers of the tsarist army after being wounded during the Caucasian wars and the conquest of Central Asia. Only at the end of the 19th century the resort became civil, at the beginning of the 20th century the first sanatoriums were built.
South position Cavminvody region provide a large amount of solar radiation throughout the year. Winter is short (2-3 months), spring is also short with a sharp transition to summer. Hot days are coming in May. Summer is warm, with a high intensity of solar radiation (especially in Kislovodsk). Autumn is warm, dry and long.
Above all resorts Caucasian Mineral Waters located Kislovodsk(817-1063 m), other resorts are located at approximately the same height: Essentuki- along the river. Podkumok (600-640 m), Pyatigorsk - at the foot of Mashuk (510-630 m), Zheleznovodsk - in the valley between Beshtau and Zheleznaya, on the slopes at the foot of the latter (600-650 m). The vegetation is mainly represented by massifs of oak-hornbeam forests, alternating with meadow steppes, in the foothills of the steppe and forest-steppe vegetation, which in the mountains (at an altitude of 800-1100 m) is replaced by broad-leaved forests (beech, oak, hornbeam).
Relief of the region of Caucasian Mineral Waters begins at the foot of Elbrus, where a rocky ridge with a number of peaks clearly stands out. In the western and southern parts of the CMS, mountains are steep, sometimes steep ledges break to the south, and the northern long slopes are slightly sloping and merge with the foothill plain. The dissected relief, creating a wide variety of landscapes, is explained by the long development and complex geological structure of the territory.
Climate of KavMinVod It has long been highly praised by balneologists and has been successfully used as a healing factor. The climatic conditions of each resort differ radically, which is largely determined by the nature of the relief and the difference in the altitude of the resort towns of Kavminvod. The main advantages of the local climate are associated with a large number of sunny days - in Kislovodsk only 37-40 days a year are without sun. It is relatively dry here, moist air masses from the Black Sea do not reach here - they are delayed by the Main Caucasian Range.
Caucasian Mineral Water include four world famous spa resort cities: Pyatigorsk, Zheleznovodsk, Essentuki and Kislovodsk.
CMS resorts they do not have an off-season period, they are taken for treatment and rest year-round, which is explained by the southern location of the Kavminvod region and the presence of unique natural healing factors (climate, mineral waters of various types for external and internal use, silt mud of the Tambukan lake).
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In each of cavminvod cities There are unique healing factors and sanatoriums that use them and the achievements of modern medicine to treat a wide variety of diseases. Cavminvod therapeutic profiles are divided by city. Each city specializes in the treatment of certain diseases. So health resorts Zheleznovodsk treat gastrointestinal diseases , urological diseases , in health resorts of Pyatigorsk treat musculoskeletal system skin and allergic diseases gynecological and digestive tract diseasesfor Essentuki sanatoriums the main medical profile, as in Zheleznovodsk is gastrointestinal tract and endocrine system diseases, also treated in Essentuki and gynecological diseases . Sanatoriums Kislovodsk specialize in the treatment of various diseases respiratory system, circulatory system and nervous system. If you want to relax and undergo medical treatment at CMS, people should be guided by these factors, because in every city, all sanatoriums specialize in the main profile of the city, because the profile of the city is determined by the natural factors that contribute to the treatment of a particular disease.
The main natural healing factors at the resorts of CMS:
- Pyatigorsk - carbonic, hydrogen sulfide radon waters Essentuki-type mineral waters
- Essentuki - saline alkaline water
- Kislovodsk - dolomite and sulfate narzans
- Zheleznovodsk - Slavyanovskaya and Smirnovskaya waters
Each of the resorts of CMS has its own treatment profile:
- Kislovodsk - disease treatment of cardio-vascular system , respiratory organs and nervous system
- Essentuki - disease treatment gastrointestinal tract , including the liver and biliary tract, metabolic disorders, endocrine (alimentary obesity, diabetes mellitus), gynecological diseases
- Pyatigorsk - treatment of diseases musculoskeletal system digestive organs, nervous system, skin diseases, peripheral vessels, gynecology and urology
- Zheleznovodsk - treatment urological diseases and gastrointestinal diseases , including urolithic and cholelithiasis
Pyatigorsk - The largest mud-water resort of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. The treatment here is multidisciplinary and based on hot hydrogen sulfide and radon waters. The therapeutic mud of Tambukan Lake is widely used. On Mount Mashuk there is a mineral spring whose water is a good remedy with diseases of the liver and biliary tract and with diseases of the digestive system.
Essentuki - balneological resort with one of the most popular table mineral waters of Russia. Mainly Essentuki No. 4 and No. 17. "Four" recommended with diseases of the stomach, intestines, liver, gall bladder, urinary tract. Beneficial effect on metabolic processes, causing a shift in acid-base balance in the alkaline side. "№17" - for the same diseases, only with increased mineralization and is not recommended for diseases of the urinary tract.
Zheleznovodsk - The smallest of the Caucasian Mineral Waters spa resorts. There are warm natural springs here.
The most famous - "Slavyanovskaya" and "Smirnovskaya". Both waters are effective in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Kislovodsk - the southernmost balneological and climatic resort of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. A microclimate is added to the sources here. In Kislovodsk there is a dry and sunny winter (mountains protect it from the winds). The main healing factor is the huge spa park, the largest in Europe. The main element of treatment is narzan. The narzans of Kislovodsk are well saturated with carbon dioxide. This is a good drink to quench your thirst. Kislovodsk Narzan enhances the secretory activity of the digestive glands and has a beneficial effect on the activity of the urinary tract.
Diagnostic capabilities of the resorts of CMS are presented the most modern methods, including ultrasound, determination of biochemical parameters, a variety of functional tests, and allow you to differentiate the diagnosis and prescribe an individual course of treatment taking into account the identified pathology.
The main methods of treatment in the sanatoriums Kavminvod are: climatotherapy, diet therapy, dosed walking (health paths), internal and external use of mineral waters, radionotherapy, mud therapy, inhalation therapy, massage, physiotherapy exercises, a variety of apparatus physiotherapy and other traditional and alternative methods of treatment.
When choosing a particular health resort, one should proceed from the nature of the existing diseases and the recommendations of the attending physician, only in this case the effect of the spa treatment will be optimal.
How to get there
- By air . Airplanes make flights to Mineralnye Vody Airport from the following cities: Aktau, Yekaterinburg (via Sochi), Kazan, Kaliningrad, Krasnoyarsk, Magnitogorsk, Makhachkala, Moscow (Vnukovo, twice a day), Murmansk (via St. Petersburg), Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhnevartovsk, Novosibirsk, Norilsk, Novy Urengoy (via Kazan), Omsk and Perm (via Samara), Samara, St. Petersburg, Surgut, Tyumen, Ufa, Khabarovsk, Chita ...
- By rail . Trains from Adler (No. 643/644), Moscow (No. 3/4, No. 27/28), St. Petersburg (No. 49/50), Kiev (arrive at Kislovodsk (via Zheleznovodsk (Mashuk station), Pyatigorsk, Essentuki) No. 295/296), Simferopol (No. 397/398), Samara (No. 235/236), Tynda (No. 97/98), Minsk (No. 145/146), Novokuznetsk (No. 59/60), Chelyabinsk (No. 409) / 410).
- By road . A direct bus flight to Kavminvody can be reached from Anapa, Astrakhan, Vladikavkaz, Gelendzhik, Derbent, Labinsk, Maykop, Cherkessk, Rostov-on-Don, Volgograd, Krasnodar, etc. From Moscow to Kislovodsk (through all resort towns), firms set up a regular bus message.
- By car in good weather from Moscow to Kislovodsk can be reached in one day. But this is subject to an almost continuous drive along the Moscow-Rostov-Baku highway with a minimum of stops.
Distance between cities CMS:
|
Kislovodsk |
Essentuki |
Zheleznovodsk |
Pyatigorsk |
Minvody |
Dombai |
|
|
Kislovodsk |
21 km |
30km |
38 km |
45 km |
180 km |
|
|
Essentuki |
21 km |
20 km |
15 km |
34 km |
196 km |
|
|
Zheleznovodsk |
30 km |
20 km |
6 km |
15 km |
215 km |
|
|
Pyatigorsk |
38 km |
15 km |
Caucasian Mineral Water - One of the oldest resort regions in Russia. The first written information about its mineral springs is found by the doctor G. Schober (1717), who was sent by Peter I to examine mineral founts "North Caucasus. The first detailed descriptions of them were made by I.A. Guldenstedt (1773), and then by P.S. Pallas (1793). In 1801, research was conducted on a hot spring in Pyatigorsk and in 1802 a special commission concluded on the possibility of using mineral waters for therapeutic purposes.
The official history of the Caucasian Mineral Waters dates back to April 24, 1803, when Tsar Alexander I signed the famous Rescript “On recognition of the state significance of the Caucasian Mineral Waters and the need for their arrangement”:
“The Minister of Internal Affairs will deliver to you the conclusions, made at the State Medical College, about the operation of the Caucasian mineral springs, according to the testimony of doctors sent to test and describe them. Of these, you will also see suggestions for arranging institutions necessary at the sources.
According to your report about one of them, 30 versts from the Konstantinogorsk fortress lying, I already allowed you from March 7 last year to build near a small fortification. Now I am instructing you to proceed with the dispensation of all those institutions that are necessary for the convenience of healing. Having made local considerations appropriate to this and having compiled an estimate of the work, you will deliver to me a calculation of the amount required for that purpose to assign her leave from the treasury.
Meanwhile, from the medical college after this one of the most skilled doctors and an assistant will be determined there.
Between the assumptions, I give the benefit and convenience of these waters, providing the thought of settling linear Cossacks in these waters, especially for your consideration.
The benefits of this proposal are obvious: but to put it into effect on the lands of Kabarda depends on the discretion of local amenities, which you can identify closer and better and about which I will expect from you in due time. ”
Specially Protected Ecological Resort Region of the Russian Federation - Caucasian Mineral Waters located on the territory of three constituent entities of the Russian Federation:
Stavropol Territory - 58% of the total land area;
Kabardino-Balkaria - 9% (Zolsky district, where Lake Tambukan is located);
Karachay-Cherkessia - 33% of the republic’s area (Malo-Karachay and Prikubansky regions - the zone of formation of mineral springs).
Caucasian Mineral Waters is one of the most densely populated territories of the North Caucasus. The average population density is more than 150 people per 1 km 2.
The structure of the Caucasian Mineral Waters includes 7 cities:
- Kislovodsk, located in a small and cozy picturesque valley surrounded by the slopes of the Main Caucasian Range and formed by the gorges of two merging rivers - Olkhovka and Beryozovka, flowing into the Podkumok river at an altitude of 750-1400 m above sea level;
- Essentukilocated along the river. Podkumok at an altitude of 600-640 m above sea level;
- Pyatigorsk, located at the foot of Mashuk at an altitude of 510-630 m above sea level;
- Zheleznovodsk, located in the valley between Beshtau and Zheleznaya, on the slopes at the foot of the latter at an altitude of 600-650 m above sea level;
- Lermontov, located in a valley surrounded by mountains - directly at the foot of Sheludivaya Mountain and the western (north-western) slopes of Mount Beshtau;
- Mineral waterlocated at the foot of the Zmeyka mountain at an altitude of 330-350 m above sea level;
- Georgievskit is located on the right bank of the Kuma River at an altitude of 308 m above sea level. Previously, the city was called Gum kala (Gvym kala), which means "sand fortress" (abaz.).
And also 3 districts - Piedmont, Mineralovodsky and St. George.
Caucasian Mineral Waters is the largest and one of the oldest resort regions of the Russian Federation. Over 130 mineral springs and large reserves of silt mud of Lake Tambukan (and Lysogorsky Lake) make the CMS a unique balneological resort. The CMS region is characterized by picturesque natural landscapes, a mountainous healing climate and is famous for its enterprises of the sanatorium complex in Russia.
Caucasian Mineralnye Vody is the largest and unique resort pearl of Russia, which in terms of composition and quality of its climatic-balneological resources, concentrated in a relatively small territory, has no analogues on the Euro-Asian continent. More than 115 health resorts in the region (at the beginning of the XXI century) specializing in treating dozens of various diseases determine its importance as the country's main, comprehensive and multidisciplinary health resort. 118 health resorts and 26 tourist and hotel complexes of the Caucasian Mineral Waters equipped with the most modern diagnostic and treatment equipment can host over 40 thousand people at a time. Their main specialization is the provision of medical and wellness services, treatment with world famous waters and mineral mud.
The area of \u200b\u200bCaucasian Mineral Waters is more than 500 thousand ha (5.3 thousand sq. Km).
According to the absolute heights, the territory of the Caucasian Mineral Waters belongs to the midlands.
The region is located in the south of the European part of Russia, at almost the same distance from the Black and Caspian Seas, within the junction of the Mineralovodsk Oblique Plain and the northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus.
The region of Caucasian Mineral Waters is located within the confluence of the Stavropol Upland and the northern slopes of the Main Caucasian Range. The region is distinguished by its unusual and diverse landforms.
The relief of the region of Caucasian Mineral Waters begins at the foot of Elbrus, where the Rocky Range with a number of peaks clearly stands out. In the western and southern parts of the CMS, mountains are steep, sometimes steep ledges break off to the south (the depth of these cliffs reaches 1000 m), and the northern long slopes are slightly (hollow) inclined and merge with the foothill plain.
These are the ranges Pasture and Rocky. River valleys, they are divided into a number of mountain ranges. The pasture ridge within KavMinVod is divided into two parts by the Podkumkom: the western (Borgustan ridge, Darinsky heights of the Borgustan ridge) rises 1200–1300 m, and the eastern (Dzhinal ridge) has an absolute elevation of the Upper Dzhinal peak of 1542 m. To the south of the Pasture stretch Rocky ridge with tops Big and Small Bermamyt. Greater Bermamyt is actually considered the main peak of the plateau. But this is also a visual illusion. The highest point of Greater Bermamyt is 2592 meters, which is actually 50 meters below the Small (2643 meters above sea level). It turns out that in fact, Small Bermamyt is the highest point of the ridge and is considered the highest point of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. Small received its name in connection with the smaller area occupied by it. It is also the southern border of the Caucasus Mineral Waters region. From Bermamyt to Elbrus 30 km in a straight line. In the early morning hours on Bermamyt, one can sometimes see the so-called Brocken ghost.
The Rocky Range also includes Bermamyt plateau, Zhatmaz Range (Shijatmaz city (Shatzhatmaz) 2127 m) and Kichmalkinskyplateau(Manglai city 2055 m).
On the Zhatmaz Rangean alpine scientific cluster has formed. Here are organizations operating in various fields of science:
Kislovodsk Mountain Astronomical Station, founded in 1948;
Weather station Roshydromet;
Kislovodsk alpine scientific station of the A. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics;
Caucasus Mountain Observatory GAISH Moscow State University;
FSUE Research Center named after M.V. Keldysh ";
Between Zhatmaz Range and Kichmalkinskyplateau in the picturesque valley of the Khasaut river at an altitude of 1300 m above sea level is the Narzanov Valley, where for 1 km 20 powerful mineral springs of the narzan type come to the surface.
On the Mineralovodsk inclined plain, in the northern part of the region of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, a group of isolated remnant magmatic mountains forms the Pyatigorye area. The picturesque mountains-laccoliths of Pyatigorye, as well as structural geological elements, are actively involved in the formation of mineral waters.
In Pyatigorye, there are more than 20 mountains, of which 18 are recognized as specially protected landscape monuments of nature. Among them, the most important is Mount Beshtau (from Turk. Besh -5, tau - mountain) Altitude 1401 meters above sea level. Located in the central part of Pyatigory. The diameter of the foot is about 8 km. The mountain gave the name of the surrounding area (Pyatigorye) and the city of Pyatigorsk. To the northwest of it Mashuk rises (993 m). To the north is Zheleznaya Mountain (851 m). Around you can also see several more mountains. Mount Camel (886 m) with two humps resembles a camel. Mount Razvalka (928 m), when viewed from the road from Mineralnye Vody, looks like a sleeping lion. Previously, it was called - "Sleeping Lion." The phenomenon of “summer permafrost” is associated with the features of the geological structure of the Razvalka. Laccolithic mountains Ostrya (881 m), Dull (772 m), Bull (817 m), Lysaya (739 m), Sheludivaya (875 m) justify these names with their appearance. The sharp top crest of Mount Dagger once rose to 507 meters, but when developing the stone, the top of the mountain was cut off. In addition, in the CMS region, mountains Zmeyka (994 m), Yutsa (972 m), Dzhutsa (1189 m), Zolotoy Kurgan (884 m) and Honey (721 m) are located almost next to each other.
In the Caucasus, a phenomenon is known when mountain peaks suddenly turn into clouds.
“They left the village on a transparent, zorny morning, when the first sunRidge, bright white and blue deeps, stood accessible close, visible with each of its cuts, so close, that an unusual person would remember to roll to him in two hours. He stood so big in the world of small human things, so miraculous in the worldmade. For thousands of years, all the people who lived, bring it here with an up-and-over solution of hands and put in chubby piles everything they worked out or even conceived - they would not have set up such an incredible Range.
From the village(Saber) beforestation so the road led them all the time, that the ridge was right in front of them, they went to him, they saw him: snowy spaces, bare rocky ledges and shadows of guessed gorges. But from half an hourby half an hour he began to thaw from below, separated from the earth, no longer standing, but hung in a third of the sky and swaddled, there were no scars and ribs in it, mountain signs, and seemed like huge merged white clouds. Then the clouds are already torn apart, no longer distinguishable from true clouds. Then they were washed away. The ridge is completely iznik, as ifwas a heavenly vision, and ahead, as from all sides, the sky is grayish, whitish, gathering heat. So, without changing direction, they rode over fiftyverst, before noon and noon, - but the giant mountains in front of them, and close rounded slides approached:Camel; Bull; baldSnake; curlyIron…»
A. Solzhenitsyn. « August fourteenth», epic« Red wheel»
Therefore, in order to enjoy the panoramic view of the Caucasus Mountains, it is best to go to the panoramic viewpoints early in the morning. The contemplation of beauty also heals, so landscape therapy (aesthetic therapy) always occupies an important place in the overall treatment complex of any resort.
The rivers flowing through the territory of the Cavminvod water originate in the Rocky Range. These are the rivers Kuma and Podkumok with tributaries Eshkakon, Alikonovka, Berezovka, Bolshoy Essentuchok, Bugunta, Yutsa and others, smaller ones. They are shallow and do not provide the area with sufficient water. The district receives water for domestic, resort and household needs from the Kuban through a special water conduit. Natural Lysogorsky lakes and Karras lake are salty.
Mud cure is mined in Lake Tambukan. Fine silt mud contains organic and inorganic acids, gases, and has antiseptic properties. The healing mud of Lake Tambukan is also supplied to the balneological sanatoriums of Nalchik.
The main wealth of the area is mineral waters. In a relatively small area, about 130 mineral springs of 12 types of complex chemical composition were identified. The total flow rate of mineral waters reaches 12 million liters per day.
The Kislovodskoye, Yessentukskoye, Pyatigorskoye, Zheleznovodskoye, Lysogorskoye, Kumagorskoye, Krasnoe-Vostochnoye and Nagutskoye deposits are conventionally distinguished.
The origin, formation and properties of mineral waters are associated with Pyatigorsk laccoliths and the highlands of the North Caucasus, where groundwater is formed. Precipitation falling in the mountains penetrates into the strata of the rocks to great depths, is mineralized, heated, saturated with gases (they are released during cooling of molten magma in the earth's crust) and come to the surface through cracks in river valleys.
Along with mineral waters, CMS resort resources comprise a favorable climate of the central and southwestern parts of the region, used for climatotherapy. The climate of the KavMinVod region has long been highly appreciated by balneologists and has been successfully used as a therapeutic factor. The main advantages of the local climate are associated with a large number of sunny days. It is relatively dry here, moist air masses from the Black Sea do not reach here - they are delayed by the Main Caucasian Range. The diversity of the relief creates a difference in the climate of the resorts of CMS, and is formed under the influence of a number of factors: the difference in the altitude of cities, the protection of the mountains determines the microclimate. The foothill nature of the area and the proximity of the snowy peaks of the Main Caucasian Range on the one hand, and on the other hand, the proximity of arid steppes and semi-deserts of the Caspian coast determine the continental features of the climate of this region.
CMS resorts have a favorable wind regime for climate treatment. Quiet areas are frequent here, especially in the Kislovodsk depression in winter (the average annual wind speed in Kislovodsk is 2.4 m / s).
Air temperature depends on the height of the place and the season of the year. The average January temperature in Pyatigorsk is −4.0 ° C, in Kislovodsk −3.9 °. July temperatures are + 22 ° and + 19 °, respectively.
The amount of precipitation decreases from the mountains to the plains: in Bermamyt - 724 mm, in Kislovodsk - 599 mm, in Pyatigorsk - 472 mm; least of all are in Essentuki. More than 85% of all precipitation falls in the form of rain (in winter rains prevail over snowfalls). Snow cover is low and unstable, snow falls and melts quickly. In Kislovodsk, snow cover is continuous for an average of up to 10 days. More than half of winters passes without any snow cover. Most cloudiness on the plains is observed in winter; in the mountains (Kislovodsk, Bermamyt, Narzanov Valley), on the contrary, the clearest winter months. The best time of the year for recreation and travel on Kavminvody is late summer and autumn. It is sunny, dry, rich in fruits and bright colors of landscapes.
Caucasian Mineral Water
rightfully known as the pearl of the Caucasus. As a balneological resort, they are known since ancient times. In the 19th century, people sought to come here from all sides of Russia. Today, the Caucasian Mineral Waters of Russia is the largest resort region of federal significance, which has no analogues on the Euro-Asian continent in terms of wealth, diversity, quantity and value of mineral waters and healing mud. In this resort corner unique on our planet one hundred twenty mineral springs, natural radon and healing mud of Tambukan lake.
Great climate with plenty of sunny days in summer and mild, warm winters, as well as more than a hundred sanatoriums and boarding houses made the Caucasian Mineral Waters a fashionable resort famous throughout Russia. Nature lovers come here again and again to see the picturesque views and get an unforgettable experience from walking
in the mountains, where literally at every step there are unique natural objects.
The Caucasian Mineral Waters are also famous for their rivers. And what rivers without fish? Where there are rivers, there fishing
. Common carp, pike perch, catfish, perch, pike, Caucasian chub, North Caucasian gudgeon and many other species, falling into the bait of a gambling fisherman, will bring him pleasure!
Cities of the Caucasian Mineral Waters are associated with the name of a remarkable Russian poet M. Yu. Lermontov. There are many memorable places where the poet was and about whom he wrote in his works. Now they are called Lermontov places and protected by the State.
The resort consists of several cities: Mineralnye Vody, Kislovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk . From each resort city, a magnificent panorama of the mountains opens, with two-headed Elbrus seemingly soaring in the sky in the distance.
Ecological masterpiece
Caucasian Mineral Waters occupy the southern part of the Stavropol Territory of the Russian Federation and have an area of \u200b\u200b5,828 km 2. They are located at approximately the same latitude as the resorts of the French Riviera and the Italian Adriatic. Peculiarities of the geographical location of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, such as the proximity of the Caucasian ridge, delaying moist air masses from the Black Sea, have a favorable effect on the climate. Most of the time there is dry and clear weather. The number of sunny days per year reaches 300. Summer is warm in the south, and winter is moderately mild. Thanks to this climate the resort has no off-season period and it can take vacationers year-round.This area of \u200b\u200bthe North Caucasus is a picturesque corner. For several tens of kilometers from north to south, the steppe plain smoothly passes into the mountainous landscape. Feathered steppes give way to luxurious deciduous and pine forests, above which stretch alpine meadows.
The green fund of the cities of the resort Kavminvod consists of natural forests and cultural plantings - orchards, parks, squares, boulevards, street casing. Forests covering nearby mountains are tree-shrubby: ash, oak, hornbeam, beech, maple, birch bark, linden, buckthorn, elderberry, dogwood, hawthorn, rose hip, barberry, mountain ash, birch, azalea, aspen and others.
The cities of Kavminvod are located at an altitude of 600-1000 meters above sea level, which is due to one of the main medical factors - the cleanest mountain air. Although the diversity of the relief creates differences in the climate of each city.
Mineral water
Town Mineral water located in the southeastern part of the Stavropol Territory, in the valley of the Kuma River, at the foot of Mount Zmeyka. This is the largest transport hub, the railway, the air routes of which from all over the country lead to the famous resorts and therefore it is often called the gate of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. The city is connected by bus with the large villages of the Mineralovodsk district, many cities and districts of the Stavropol Territory, with the capitals of neighboring territories, regions and republics.In the territory of the Mineralovodsk district, new powerful deposits of medicinal water have been explored, the reserves of which significantly exceed the potential of other sources in this region. The construction of mineral water bottling plants is rapidly developing. Several hundred million bottles of Novoterskaya healing water have already been produced - water that conquered the tastes of not only Russians, but also confidently entered the world market. In the area, deposits with unique mineral water of the "Essentuki", "Slavyanskaya", and "Borjomi" types were discovered and began to be exploited.
Mineral water - A great place for the development of tourism, recreation and treatment, the creation of new sanatorium complexes here. And this direction is already developing.
Near the city - unique Kumagorsk hospital with healing springs and muds that have no analogues in the world, for the treatment of the musculoskeletal system.
Essentuki
The youngest resort city in the Caucasian Mineral Waters Essentuki. It is considered to be the largest and most popular resort. Located at an altitude of 640 meters above sea level in the steppe area, in the valley of the Podkumok river. It is buried in greenery and flowers. Essentuccans well-groomed flower beds, shady alleys, fountains, decorative arbors attract rest. Extraordinarily clean air and silence unusual for a city dweller.In the poem Ishmael Bay, Lermontov described familiar places like this:
- “Once upon a time, in clear waters, where the Podkumok rushes through the stones,
Where the day rises after Mashuk, but sits behind the steep Beshtau,
Near the border of a foreign land, peaceful villages bloomed ... "
Here you can observe the underground secret of the formation of sources. In Yessentuki, the climate is more contrasted than in other cities of this resort: summers are dry and hot, and winters are slightly colder than in other resorts. Holidays in the sanatoriums of this city can be diversified by walks to interesting places:
- Top Mineral Bathsmade in the classic forms of Russian Empire;
- Mud bath, built of local stone and Kislovodsk dolomite, corresponds to the high examples of Roman classics. These "Ancient Roman baths" were built specifically for the heir to the Russian throne in 1915;
- Museum of Local Lorewhere traveling exhibitions are held, the exposition of the formation of the Cossacks;
- The building of the Zander mechanical therapy institute It is a wooden structure built in 1902. Now it has a hall in which unique simulators of the beginning of the century are presented;
- Arbor "Oreada", built in antique style in 1903.
Zheleznovodsk
Zheleznovodsk - the smallest, greenest resort city in the Caucasian Mineral Waters. This wonderful corner of the North Caucasus was loved by many of our famous classics. A. S. Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov, L. N. Tolstoy, M. I. Glinka, V. G. Belinsky admired him and sang him in their works. Its climate corresponds to the moderately dry climate of the middle Alps. It is sunny here, but the greenery and blowing winds moderate the summer heat. Opened in Moscow in 1810 doctor F.P. Gaase unique Glandular waters serve the healing of many diseases.At the foot of the mountains Zmeyka, Razvalka and Zheleznaya, near the city of Zheleznovodsk is Tersky stud farmspecializing in the cultivation of purebred Arabian horses. Once upon a time count Stroganov, choosing a place for the stud, he said that beautiful horses should live in a beautiful place.
For lovers mountain hiking - surroundings of the city of Zheleznovodsk: beshtau Mountains, Iron, Sharp, Dumb, Honey. But the most winding route is mount Razvalkawith its “permafrost”, a cave of an ancient man, the ancient city of the Great Silk Road. In the area of \u200b\u200bKavminvod, many crypt constructions have been identified that correlate with similar ones in the necropolises of the Hellenistic cities of Crimea.
Kislovodsk
"Narzan". A familiar name, isn't it? It is assigned to a mineral water drink. The eponymous spring, the largest source Kavminvod, brought world fame to Kislovodsk, "City of the Sun"as regular vacationers and guests call it.In Kislovodsk, located above other resorts and surrounded by mountains, low atmospheric pressure prevails, and the air is particularly clean. Winters are dry and sunny, and summers are warm but not hot. This city is the country's leading cardiological resort. Anyone who has ever visited this picturesque place, where dozens of pensions and resorts are scattered among the abundant greenery, will not forget it.
Another pride of Kislovodsk is its healing Resort Park - Repeated winner of international contests of monuments of landscape gardening, winner of top prizes for excellent landscape architecture. Park with gorges approaching it rivers Olkhovka and Birch wonderful and delightful. Limes bent over the stream, which, with noise and foam, falling from stove to stove, cuts its own path between the verdant mountains. Imagine walking along it, breathing in the freshness of aromatic air, burdened by the vapors of tall southern herbs and white acacia, and your hearing is sweetened by the drowsy noise of icy streams, which, meeting at the end of the valley, run together and finally rush into the river Podkumk. There are many interesting places in the park that attract the attention of holidaymakers: Red stones, Blue stones, "Temple of the air" and Gray stones.
There are great places near the city. Invariable attention of vacationers enjoy mount Ring described by M. Yu. Lermontov; rocks Castle of Cunning and Love in the gorge of the Alikonovka river; cliffs battleship, torpedo boat silhouettes reminiscent of warships.
In Kislovodsk you can still visit such monuments of history, culture and natural monuments as:
- Narzan Gallery, built in 1848-1853 in the medieval English style. It contains the source of the boiling well narzan, drinking pump rooms, a resort library;
- Colonnade - the main gate of the Resort Park, erected by the architect N. Semenov in 1912;
- Natural Monument Mount Ring, a through hole in which a diameter of 11 meters is formed by weathering;
- The house-museum of artist N. A. Yaroshenko "White Villa"where is the largest collection of works of Yaroshenko himself, as well as a large collection of works of Wanderers;
- Museum "Chaliapin Cottage"opened in 1991. It retains the decoration and interiors of the early twentieth century. Today it is a venue for literary and musical evenings.
Pyatigorsk
Pride of the resort Pyatigorsk - natural radon and unique mud of Lake Tambukan. The successful combination of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, radon sources and mud from Lake Tambukan predetermined the fate of the most effective diversified resort in Russia.The city is located on the slopes mashuk mountains and hot mountains at an altitude of 510-630 meters above sea level on the left bank of the Podkumok river. It has warm summers and moderately mild, humid winters. The highest mountain, the five-headed Beshtau, gave the city its name: "Besh" from Tatar into Russian translates as “Five”, “tau” - “peaks, mountains”. And again, the poetry of Lermontov brings us back to the romantic days of antiquity:
- “Between Mashuk and Beshtau, thirty years ago,
It was an aul, closed by mountains from storms and rich in liberty ... "
Pyatigorsk resort invites for treatment and relaxation. This generously gifted corner with plenty of sun and heat - source of healing water of almost all types (there are about 50 of them).
But Pyatigorsk is not only a city of health, but also museum city. Pyatigorsk and its surroundings are of great interest to vacationers and tourists. It contains about 100 monuments of history, culture and architecture. One of the most popular holiday destinations is park "Flower Garden"
. Museum of Local Lore
will tell about the history of this region, and State Museum-Reserve M. Yu. Lermontov
, created in 1973, will lead away during the time of the talented poet and writer of Russia.
On the southern slope of Mount Mashuk is one of the most picturesque places of Pyatigorsk - natural karst mine "failure"
20 meters deep, at the bottom of which is a small lake. Located on the slopes and at the foot of the mountains Beshtau, Mashuk, Snake, Razvalka, Iron, Acute and Honey Beshtaugorsky forest. It has a protective water-protective effect on the regime of mineral springs.
So. If suddenly you have doubts about the need to visit the resort of Caucasian Mineral Waters in order to improve your health - discard them immediately! In any case, you should see this wonderful corner of Russia, so warm, so cozy. There is still a lot that you can’t tell about in bright colors. This must be seen with my own eyes, breathe deeply. And only then will you be completely healthy from the feeling of complete happiness and from the realization that, having been in this beautiful place, you personally did everything that was necessary for yourself and your loved ones.
Caucasian Mineral Waters is a unique natural resort located in the foothills of the Greater Caucasus, in the Stavropol Territory. This place has always attracted and attracted vacationers with its beauty, unique historical places, a healthy climate. As in pre-revolutionary times, so now the Caucasian Mineral Waters are not losing their highest importance.
After all, it is here that the most healing mineral springs beat, which is why this indescribably marvelous land is glorified. Everything is full of many memorable historical places, and nature literally amazes the imagination with its pristine beauty!
More than 700 thousand people are treated and rested annually at the resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters.
Kislovodsk - the main cardiological resort of Russia
The city owes its name to the appearance of mineral water - "Narzan" (from the Turkic "Narsan" - sour water). This miraculous water naturally emerged from the bowels of the earth in the city. As a result, the resort of the highest level quickly grew from the Kislovodsk station. Prominent doctors and doctors of Kislovodsk treated various kinds of diseases with the waters of Narzan, using all kinds of combinations of climatotherapy, balneotherapy and modern medical techniques.
Currently, the main profile of Kislovodsk sanatoriums is cardiology. It is believed that the Kislovodsk narzan has a beneficial effect on the heart and vascular system, the climate of Kislovodsk is very favorable, and an altitude of 850 m above sea level is well tolerated by cardiac patients.
In addition to the famous medical spa park, wonderful health resorts, Mirror Pond, Narzan Gallery, there are also local attractions: Kislovodsk Fortress, Kislovodsk Kurzal, State Historical and Cultural Museum "Chaliapin Cottage", Kislovodsk Memorial Museum-Estate of the Artist N. A. Yaroshenko, Mount Ring - natural monument and one of the objects of the State Museum-Reserve M. Yu. Lermontov.
Pyatigorsk is a diversified resort in Russia
In Pyatigorsk there are more than 40 sources - almost all types of mineral waters. The successful combination of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, radon springs and mud from Lake Tambukan, a favorable climate and a wonderful natural landscape predetermined the fate of now the most diversified resort in Russia.
Pyatigorsk is located on the left bank of the Podkumka, on the slopes of the Goryachaya and Mashuk mountains, at an altitude of about 520-620 m above the Baltic Sea. The name of the city comes from Mount Beshtau, which means “five mountains”.
In addition to the variety of health resorts, the proposed healing procedures and healing methods, there are also local attractions. Everything around here is connected with the names of outstanding political and cultural figures of the country of the XVIII - XX centuries. Here you can see the place of the duel of M.Yu. Lermontov, visit an interesting natural phenomenon - Lake Proval, for the repair of which the main character of the novel "Twelve Chairs" Ostap Bender collected money from unlucky visitors.
It will be interesting to stroll along Mount Goryachaya, taste the mineral water, admire the panorama of the mountains of Pyatigory and the mountains of the Central Caucasus from the arbor "Eolova Arfa". The panorama of the city of Pyatigorsk can be enjoyed with pleasure from Mount Goryachaya.
Essentuki - famous healing springs
Here are located unique salt-alkaline springs "Essentuki-4", "Essentuki-17". You can enjoy invigorating cold mineral water, learn a lot of interesting facts about the history of the development of the resort. First-hand to see the famous mud baths, the historic health resorts of the resort, walk through the shady park, where the voices of M. Gorky, S. Rachmaninov and others used to sound.
Zheleznovodsk - a resort at the junction of two mountains
Zheleznovodsk is the smallest, most northern and very very green resort. Located in a natural valley between the mountains of Beshtau and Zheleznaya. The resort became famous for its hot calcium springs, in which water is actively used to treat the gastrointestinal tract, liver diseases and urological. This is a very beautiful place: there is a stunningly picturesque park, Pushkin Gallery, the palace of Emir of Bukhara, Ostrovsky bathtubs, well pump-rooms.
Nalchik - a resort of all-Union significance
As a resort area, with its wonderful mild climate and useful mineral springs, Nalchik has been known since the second half of the 19th century. The local population even then began to use thermal springs to treat all kinds of diseases. The guests of Nalchik at different times were outstanding representatives of Russian art - composer M.A., Balakirev, F.I. Chaliapin, A.S. Griboedov, V.A., Gilyarovsky, A.A. Fadeev.
The water here contains hydrogen sulfide and a small amount of minerals. In addition to mineral waters, mud treatment is widely used in the resort of Nalchik. Dirt is delivered from the bottom of Lake Tambukan, located right there, on the border of the republic and the Stavropol Territory.
Balneological resort - Hot Key
In Hot Key you can see many noteworthy attractions. For example, it will be fascinating to visit the most beautiful Dante Gorge, where the bas-relief of the Renaissance poet is skillfully carved on a rock, to observe the surroundings from the Petushok rock, to drink water from the stunning Iversky spring, to which legends attribute miraculous properties.
Goryachiy Klyuch is a unique natural place where the healing properties of both Essentuki mineral waters and hydrogen sulfide baths are combined, like the resort area of \u200b\u200bMatsesta in Sochi.
Mineral springs of the Caucasian mineral waters
The main treasure in the resorts of the Caucasian mineral waters are, of course, magnificent mineral springs.
In the Caucasus, a whole bunch of delicious mineral springs has been collected; there are about 300 of them. 14 water deposits are actively used: Kislovodskoye, Beshtaugorskoye, Pyatigorskoye, Zheleznovodskoye, Batalinskoye, Lysogorskoye, Zmeykinskoye, Nagutskoye, Kumagorskoye, Gergievskoye, Kalaborskoye, Kumskoye and Verkhnododka.
The water in them varies in content: carbonic, hydrogen sulfide, radon, calcium-sodium, hydrocarbonate-sulfate. With its help, treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, upper respiratory tract, genitourinary, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal system, skin diseases. In resorts, water is used not only for drinking treatment, but also for bathing, showering, bathing in pools, rinsing, inhalation.
However, before starting the application, you should definitely talk with a specialist. He will advise and tell you which water from which source will be better to use, explain the mode, duration and rules of admission. There are also contraindications, so you must be extremely careful in these subtle issues.
Mud therapy
Also in the Caucasian mineral waters, a significant healing method is very common - therapeutic mud. Their source is Tambukan Lake. Its reserves are 1.4 tons. The lake was first investigated in 1910 by I.A. Orlov. Tambukan mud has a huge content of minerals, which have a powerful antibacterial effect.
Climatic conditions
The local climate has a significant healing effect. In view of what, a whole direction in medicine was created - climate treatment. The territory of the Caucasian mineral waters is divided into two parts: southern and northern. The southern region includes the Kislovodsk region with a temperate continental climate. And Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk and Pyatigorsk belong to the northern part with a predominance of the steppe climate. The most favorable climatic conditions are the southern zone.
In Kislovodsk, only 37 days a year are without the sun, there is almost no wind, the air is very clean. Walking along special walking routes, you feel with full breasts true harmony with nature, raising your mood, improving breathing!
Location
Caucasian Mineral Waters, a resort in the citadel of the North Caucasus, on the northern slopes of the Main Caucasian Range. Only 90 km from the famous Elbrus and at almost the same distance between the Black and Caspian Seas.
This area is also approximately at the same latitude with the famous resorts of the Cote d'Azur of France and the Italian Adrianatic. Resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters are united by small, cozy cities like Kislovodsk, Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk and Pyatigorsk. In size they are very reminiscent of European ones - Karlovy Vary and Baden Baden. All of them are relatively close to each other, forming as a whole, a single array.
How to get there
You can get to any of the cities either by plane, directly to the city of Mineralnye Vody, or by train. Half goes to Mineralnye Vody, part - further along the Kislovodsk-Minvody branch to Kislovodsk, bypassing Pyatigorsk.
Caucasian mineral waters have good transport links with almost all regions of Russia. From Moscow, and other cities located at a great distance from the south, it is most convenient, of course, to use an airplane.
The largest international-class airport in the region, Mineralnye Vody, is connected by airlines to almost all ends of our vast country. Regular flights to Mineralnye Vody are carried out by Kavminvodyavia and Aeroflot - Russian Airlines. From Moscow, the flight time will be only 1 hour 50 minutes.
You can get to the city of Mineralnye Vody as follows. From Mineralnye Vody Airport to the city of Mineralnye Vody, to the railway station, there is a shuttle bus No. 10, No. 11, travel time 20-25 minutes. Having reached the railway station by minibus, you can get further by a commuter train to any of the cities of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. In the territory of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, 134 sanatoriums operate.
From the history of the Caucasian mineral waters
The healing properties of mineral water have been known since time immemorial. Scientists have discovered the ancient Stone baths cut down at the Goryachaya Mountain in Pyatigorsk and next to the spring in Kislovodsk. There were many legends among the people associated with miraculous healing through the use of mineral water. In 1377, the famous traveler Ibn Battuta wrote about this fact.
However, the first work on the study of the beneficial properties of mineral water and the opening of resorts was associated with the name of Peter I. It was he who sent his life physician Schober to the Caucasus and later turned the resort into state property.