Yekaterinoslav Square
revolution square
Susaninskaya Square - The central square of the city of Kostroma. It arose according to the regular plan of Kostroma 1781-1784. The construction of the square is a holistic, exemplary of its kind, architectural ensemble of the late XVIII-XIX centuries.
Story
The area originated under the name Ekaterinoslavskaya according to the regular plan of Kostroma 1781-1784 Before the fire of 1773, in its place from 1619 the territory of the New City of the Kostroma Kremlin was located, and before its erection - the city posad. The construction of the area is carried out in con. XVIII - 1st quarter XIX century Initially, the configuration of this square was conceived as semicircular, but in the implementation it received a “faceted” shape.
In 1823 the area was paved, and in 1835 by the decree of Nicholas I was renamed from Yekaterinoslavskaya to Susaninskaya.
In 1918, the destruction of the Susanan monument began, at the same time it was renamed revolution square. In 1924, the Alexander Chapel was demolished, and on the part of the square between the Red and Big Flour Ranges, a sports ground was arranged, and then a square. In 1967, a new monument to Ivan Susanin (sculptor N. A. Lavinsky) was erected in the square on the site of the chapel.
The historical name returned to the square in 1992. In 2008-2009 A large-scale reconstruction of the square was carried out: trees were cut down in the center of the square, lawns were broken, pedestrian paths were laid, elements of small architecture were laid. At the location historical monument Ivan Susanin was given a temporary memorial sign.
Currently, the area is used to organize city holidays. In 2009 and 2010 the operas Boris Godunov and Khovanshchina (a joint project of the New Opera and the regional philharmonic society) were staged on the square. 
Buildings and constructions
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View of Susaninskaya Square before reconstruction (2005)
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The building of the former guardhouse
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House of General S. S. Borshchov
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Monument to Ivan Susanin (1967)
Transport
The radial-semicircular layout of the historical part of Kostroma has led to the fact that a significant part of the traffic flows in the center crosses Susaninskaya Square. The traffic on the square is organized by two streams: Sovetskaya Street - Tekstilshchikov Avenue and Simanovsky Street - Lenin Street - Mira Avenue - Shagova Street - Sverdlova Street. There are public transport stops on the square: a bus, a trolley bus and minibuses.
- In honor of Catherine II, the square was called Yekaterinoslavskaya. The main axis of the city planning, which runs perpendicular to the Volga embankment - Pavlovskaya street - is named in honor of the son, the future Emperor Paul I. Four more streets-ray were named in honor of the grandchildren and granddaughters of the Empress - Alexandrovskaya, Konstantinovskaya, Mariinsky and Eleninsky.
- The area in use by Kostroma citizens is called " pan».
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References
- Bochkov V.N.
Literature
- Kudryashov E.V. The architectural ensemble of the center of Kostroma. - Kostroma, 1993. - 64 p .; ill.
Notes
Excerpt from Susaninskaya Square
“I think, however, that there is a basis for these condemnations ...” said Prince Andrei, trying to fight the influence of Speransky, which he was beginning to feel. It was unpleasant for him to agree with him in everything: he wanted to contradict. Prince Andrei, who usually spoke easily and well, now felt difficulty in expressing himself when speaking with Speransky. He was too busy observing the personality of a famous person.“There may be a basis for personal ambition,” Speransky quietly put in his word.
“Partly for the state,” said Prince Andrei.
“How do you understand? ...” Speransky said, dropping his eyes quietly.
“I am an admirer of Montesquieu,” said Prince Andrew. - And his idea that le rincipe des monarchies est l "honneur, me parait incontestable. Certains droits et privileges de la noblesse me paraissent etre des moyens de soutenir ce sentiment. [The basis of monarchies is an honor, it seems to me certain. Some rights and the privileges of the nobility seem to me a means to maintain this feeling.]
The smile disappeared on Speransky’s white face and his face won a lot from this. Probably the thought of Prince Andrew seemed entertaining to him.
“Si vous envisagez la question sous ce point de vue, [If you look at the subject like that],” he began, with obvious difficulty speaking French and speaking even slower than Russian, but quite calmly. He said that honor, l "honneur, cannot be supported by benefits detrimental to the course of the service, that honor, l" honneur, is either: a negative concept of not doing reprehensible acts, or a well-known source of competition for approval and awards expressing it.
His arguments were concise, simple and clear.
The institution supporting this honor, the source of competition, is an institution similar to the Legion d "honneur [Order of the Legion of Honor] of the great Emperor Napoleon, not harming, but contributing to the success of the service, and not an estate or court advantage.
“I do not argue, but it cannot be denied that the court advantage achieved the same goal,” said Prince Andrey: “Every courtier considers himself obligated to bear his position with dignity.”
“But you didn’t want to use it, prince,” Speransky said, showing with a smile that he, who was embarrassed by an argument for his interlocutor, wanted to stop it by courtesy. “If you make me welcome to me on Wednesday,” he added, “then, having talked with Magnitsky, I will inform you of what may interest you, and besides, I will have the pleasure of talking with you in more detail.” - He closed his eyes and bowed, and a la francaise, [in the French manner], without saying goodbye, trying to be unnoticed, left the hall.
The first time he stayed in St. Petersburg, Prince Andrey felt his whole mindset developed in his solitary life, completely obscured by the petty concerns that engulfed him in St. Petersburg.
In the evening, returning home, he wrote down 4 or 5 necessary visits or rendez vous at the appointed hours in the memorial book. The mechanism of life, the order of the day such that everywhere to keep pace with time, took away a large share of the very energy of life. He did not do anything, did not even think about anything and did not have time to think, but only spoke and successfully said what he had time to think over before in the village.
He sometimes noticed with displeasure that it happened on the same day, in different societies, to repeat the same thing. But he was so busy all day that he did not have time to think about the fact that he did not think anything.
Speransky, both on his first meeting with Kochubey and then in the middle of the house, where Speransky, accepting Bolkonsky, spoke with him for a long time and trustingly, made a strong impression on Prince Andrei.
Prince Andrei considered such a huge number of people despicable and insignificant creatures, so he wanted to find in another living ideal of the perfection to which he aspired, that he easily believed that in Speransky he found this ideal of a perfectly reasonable and virtuous person. If Speransky were from the same society from which Prince Andrey was, of the same upbringing and moral habits, then Bolkonsky would soon have found his weak, human, non-heroic sides, but now this strange logical mindset for him all the more inspired him respect that he did not quite understand him. In addition, Speransky, because he appreciated the abilities of Prince Andrei, or because he found it necessary to acquire him, Speransky flirted with respect to Prince Andrei with his impartial, calm mind and flattered Prince Andrei with that subtle flattery coupled with the arrogance of tacit recognition his interlocutor with him alone, the only person who can understand all the stupidity of everyone else, and the rationality and depth of his thoughts.
During a long conversation in the middle of the evening, Speransky said more than once: “They look at everything that comes out of the general level of an inveterate habit ...” or with a smile: “But we want the wolves to be well fed and the sheep safe ...” or : “They cannot understand this ...” and all with such an expression that said: “We: you and I, we understand that they and who we are.”
This first, long conversation with Speransky only strengthened in Prince Andrei the feeling with which he had first seen Speransky. He saw in him a rational, strictly thinking, enormous mind of a man who, with energy and perseverance, has achieved power and uses it only for the good of Russia. Speransky, in the eyes of Prince Andrei, was precisely the man who reasonably explained all the phenomena of life, recognized only that which was rational and was able to apply the standard of rationality to everything that he himself wanted to be. Everything seemed so simple, clear in Speransky’s exposition, that Prince Andrei involuntarily agreed with him in everything. If he objected and argued, it was only because he wanted to purposely be independent and not completely obey Speransky's opinions. Everything was like that, everything was fine, but one confused Prince Andrey: it was a cold, mirror-like look of Speransky's, and his white, gentle hand, which Prince Andrey involuntarily looked at, as they usually look at people's hands, having power. For some reason, this mirror look and gentle hand irritated Prince Andrei. Unpleasantly, Prince Andrei was struck by the too much contempt for people that he noticed in Speransky and the variety of techniques in the evidence that he cited in support of his opinions. He used all possible tools of thought, excluding comparisons, and too boldly, as it seemed to Prince Andrei, moved from one to another. Either he stood on the ground of a practitioner and condemned dreamers, then on the soil of a satirist and ironically laughed at opponents, then he became strictly logical, then he suddenly rose into the field of metaphysics. (This was the last tool of evidence he used especially often.) He carried the question to metaphysical heights, went over to the definitions of space, time, thought, and, making denials from there, went down to the ground again.
In general, the main trait of Speransky’s mind, which struck Prince Andrei, was an unshakable, unshakable faith in the strength and legitimacy of the mind. It was evident that Speransky could never have come up with the usual idea for Prince Andrei that one cannot still express all that one thinks, and never doubt that it’s all nonsense that I think and all that What do I believe in? And this particular special mentality of Speransky most of all attracted Prince Andrey.
The first time he met Speransky, Prince Andrei had a passionate admiration for him, similar to the one he had once felt for Bonaparte. The fact that Speransky was the son of a priest, whom stupid people could, like many did, went to despise as a couturer and a priest, made Prince Andrei take special care of his feelings for Speransky and unconsciously strengthen him in himself.
The address: Russia, Kostroma
Start of construction: 1781 year
End of construction: 1784 year
Coordinates: 57 ° 46′4.4 ″ N 40 ° 55′37.5 ″ E
Architect: Carl von Claire
The central square of the city is interesting in that it retained a solid architectural ensemble, consisting of buildings built in the early 19th century. Borshchev’s house, fire tower, guardhouse and public places fit perfectly into the spatial perspective and are in perfect harmony with each other. In addition, the main square of Kostroma is a favorite place for walks of residents and tourists coming here.
View of Susaninskaya Square from Sverdlov Street
How Susaninskaya Square was created
The history of the square, named after the Kostroma peasant, has more than 230 years. It began to be built after the adoption of the general urban development plan in the city - in the 80s of the XVIII century. It was the time of the reign of Empress Catherine II, and it is not surprising that the new Kostroma square immediately received the name Catherine.
According to the original plan, the area should have been made semicircular, but later it acquired the shape of a polyhedron. In 1823, the area was covered with cobblestone. And in 1835, by decision of Emperor Nicholas I - was renamed Susaninskaya. Today, this part of the city consists of a large square, located in front of the Gostiny Dvor, and the actual square, from which the rays disperse throughout the city streets.
Fire Tower
City architect Petr Fursov became the author of the tallest building in the central square of Kostroma - fire tower. Today, it is rightfully considered one of the business cards of the city.
Fire tower in Susaninskaya Square
The Kalancha was built in the style of mature classicism in the late 1820s. According to the plan of the then governor K.I. Baumgarten high building the city needed to decorate the main square, and to alert residents in case of fire. The two-story base of the tower turned out to be so spacious that all the necessary units of the city fire service were freely placed in it.
At the top of the tower, as if "growing" from the main building, they built a beautiful lantern with a balcony. When in the middle of 1830, Emperor Nicholas I, passing through Kostroma, publicly expressed his admiration for the bowels, she was considered the best in the Russian province. Almost all the time, the building of the fire tower was used for its intended purpose. And only very recently it was transferred to the city museum, and there are exhibits that tell about the history of fire fighting in Russia.
Guardhouse on Susaninskaya Square
Guardhouse
On the right side of the tower there is an unusual building, which in previous years housed a guardhouse. It was built in the mid-1820s in order to replace the dilapidated wooden structure. Kostroma Architect P.I. Fursov, a recognized master of empire, created the building extremely magnificent for the places of detention of the guilty. True, not ordinary soldiers were serving their sentences here, but only noble officers. Therefore, the deliberate solemnity of the facades of the “military prison” turned out to be quite appropriate.
Today the guardhouse building is given to the city museum, and military-historical collections are exhibited in its halls. Here you can see rare exhibits dating from the 12th century to the present day: ancient weapons, ammunition, maps of military campaigns and personal items of soldiers.
Mansion Borshchova
Perhaps the most representative building overlooking Susaninskaya Square is a large classic mansion, which in its dimensions is more like a palace. It is called the house of Borshchev.
Borshchov Mansion on Susaninskaya Square
The exact date of construction of the mansion has not been preserved. Some historians say that it was built in 1824, while others claim that this happened 6 years later. The architect who prepared the design of the building is also not known. It could be N.I. Metlin, and P.I. Fursov.
The owner of the mansion was the famous Kostroma, Senator and Lieutenant General Sergei Semenovich Borshchov. He came from a noble family of noblemen who had served at the royal court for several centuries. In 1817, Borshchov resigned and set out to build a stone house instead of an old mansion. Construction began in 1819 with the first outbuilding. And then they built the whole big building.
The facade of the central part of the magnificent mansion is decorated with eight strict columns and a portico. And its side parts have two floors. Of the famous guests, Tsar Nicholas I and the future Emperor Alexander II visited the house. Poets also came here - Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky and Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov.
Offices on Susaninskaya Square
Public places
For a long time there was no separate place in the city to accommodate the provincial authorities. Due to frequent fires, administrative services found refuge either in the walls of the Epiphany Monastery, or in the Trade Rows. And, finally, at the beginning of the XIX century in the center of Kostroma they built a special building of Public Places, the project of which was executed by the provincial architect Nikolai Ivanovich Metlin.
The facade of the house, built in the style of classicism, is decorated with four columns and a strict ionic order. And the portico on which they stand is so high that under it, especially for pedestrians, made arched openings. Initially, a wide white stone staircase overlooked the area from the building. But during the reconstruction, which was carried out in the 1830s, this staircase was removed. Today, public places continue to be used for their intended purpose - they are occupied by the services of the city hall.
Monument to Ivan Susanin on Susaninskaya Square
Monument to Ivan Susanin
The very first monument to the savior of the Russian sovereign Mikhail Fedorovich was placed in the city by order of the Russian sovereign Nicholas I. In 1851, it was created by a talented sculptor Vasily Ivanovich Demut-Malinovsky. The majestic monument, located on a tall column, depicted a young king. And at the foot of the monument stood a kneeling peasant who did not spare his life for the sovereign. At the very beginning of the 20th century, Kostroma authorities set up a beautiful square in front of this monument.
In 1918, the young Soviet state affirmed its own ideology and adopted a decree on the demolition of monuments associated with the tsar and his servants. This document became the basis for the decision of the Kostroma authorities, and the old monument was dismantled.
That monument, which can be seen on the square today, was erected in 1967. Susanin’s high 12 m, facing the Volga, was performed by the Moscow sculptor-muralist Nikita Antonovich Lavinsky.
Zero Meridian on Susaninskaya Square
How to get there
The square is located in the historic city center, on the left bank of the Volga.
By car. The road from the capital to Kostroma takes 4.5-5 hours (346 km) and passes along the Yaroslavl highway and the M8 highway (Kholmogory). In Kostroma, on the automobile bridge, you need to move to the left bank of the Volga and turn left - onto ul. Soviet, on which you can get to the square.
By train or bus. From Yaroslavsky railway station to
Address: Susaninskaya Square
Before the fire of 1773, in the place where Susaninskaya Square is now located, it carried its waters sula river. On the left side of it stood a wooden fortress, and on the right - the gardens of the manufacturer Volkov and the landowner land of the Borshchovs. After the fire, they did not begin to rebuild the fortress, Sulu fell asleep, the earthen ramparts were leveled, and in the resulting space the central square of the city was organized - Catherine.
I admired the beauty of this square A.N. Ostrovsky, and B.M. Kustodiev used her image in his sketches of the plays of the playwright.
One of the main attractions of Susaninskaya Square are Fire Tower and guardhouse building (architect P.I. Fursov). In addition to them, there are other interesting buildings from the historical and architectural points of view on the square.
Fire Tower
Fire tower (1825 g) is a kind of the talisman city, for more than once saved him from numerous fires. Fire and watch towers were erected in many cities of Russia, but that they also adorn the city! This is a real antique temple with a ceremonial portico of slender columns.
And how light and delicate watch tower with a viewing gazebo supported by decorative brackets. The architect achieved such decoration and found such an organic proportionality of its parts - that the hook was the main dominant and most important decoration of the entire architectural complex of the square, rushing up to 35 meters. Even Emperor Nicholas I was worried that he did not have such a beautiful tower. Now Fire Tower is protected by the state.
Guardhouse building
In the same vein as the fire tower and opposite it is the Building of the former guardhouse (City Police House). This is a building with columns and windows in wide platbands, the walls of which are decorated with sculptural reliefs depicting military armor, lion masks and human figures built empire style in 1823-26 years on the site of an outdated wooden guardhouse. Until the beginning of the 20th century, the building was used for its intended purpose - for the maintenance of arrested servicemen and as a duty room for military guards.
House Borshchova
Among the public buildings of the central square of the city there is a building that belonged to a private person - this is the House of Borshchov. Lieutenant General of the Patriotic War of 1812, Senator Sergey Semenovich Borshchov had such connections and such money that he was able to build a house in the very central part of the city. The largest manor is a monument of architecture of the late era classicism 20s of the 19th century (architect N.I. Metlin).
The palace mansion overlooks the square with its main facade. An eight-columned portico, mounted on a pedestal with arched openings, gives the building a ceremonial significance. Interestingly, this house stayed in 1834 Nicholas the First, with his son Alexander the Second and poet V.A. Zhukovsky - heir educator. Now in this magnificent building the court is located.
Office Building
By the same architect N.I. Metlin and also in the style of late classicism in 1806-1809the Office Building was built. It goes to Susaninskaya Square with its side. The main entrance is decorated with an original portico - four paired columns support a pediment with a wide arched recess. At the base of the columns, the pedestals have passages, which makes it convenient for pedestrians to travel. Now in this building is located the city city Hall.
House of Rogatkin and Botnikov
The house of Rogatkin and Botnikov is a three-story brick building with an L-shaped composition, built in the beginning of the 19th century by the merchant I.P. Rogatkin as inn, also harmoniously merges into the architectural ensemble of Susanin Square. Here, during his stay in Kostroma, A.N. Ostrovsky and N.A. stayed Nekrasov.
Romanovsky Museum
At the beginning of Pavlovskaya Street (now Mira Avenue, 5), the building of the Romanovsky Museum designed in neo-russian style at the beginning of the 20th century (architect N.I. Gorlitsyn).
This old russian tower with elements of architecture of the 17th century it was immediately planned as a museum building. This is fully consistent with its interior design: spacious rooms, a wide front staircase, a spacious lobby.
The new museum from the Hermitage and the Academy of Arts was presented with a number of sculptures and paintings, and the Kostroma Museum of Antiquities, which was the first museum institution of the region, was the main content of the museum's expositions. The opening of the museum took place in the presence of Nicholas II and his family in 1913.
Noble assembly
Nearby is the building of the former Noble Assembly (Prospekt Mira 7). In the late 30s of the 19th century, the Kostroma noble society bought this house from a bankrupt merchant family and rebuilt it for their needs.
This building is especially beautiful inside. Its entire southern wing occupies "White Hall", decorated with columns of the Corinthian order in two tiers. On the other hand is Small Hall, with red walls covered with silk damask. Magnificent ceiling with caissons in gilded rosettes, pilasters and columns in white artificial marble.
You can climb there on the cast-iron steps of the openwork main staircase, holding onto the railing decorated with gilded bronze.
Kostroma is an ancient city in Central Russia (340 km from Moscow), included in the Golden Ring route. This is a large river port on the Volga. The population as of January 1, 2017 is 277,648 people. Tourists are ready to accept 25 museums, 3 theaters, 5 concert halls, 46 hotels, which can accommodate up to three thousand guests at a time. There are many options for recreation: active, educational, wellness and others. Many Kostroma are attracted by the fact that the architectural ensemble of the 19th century with the unique fan building of the historical part of the city has been preserved here. Currently, work is underway to restore the monuments of historical and cultural heritage, which means that the options for routes through the ancient city will only increase. For Kostroma, its history and traditions mean a lot, therefore, perhaps tourists should learn more about the past of the city.
Fire tower - one of the main symbols of Kostroma
Date of foundation cities on the left bank of the Volga, near the confluence of the Kostroma and Sula rivers, 1152 is consideredand its founder Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, although the settlements of the ancient Merian tribes lived in these parts much earlier.
Monument to Prince Yuri Dolgoruky - the founder of the city
The name "Kostroma" is explained by historians in different ways. Perhaps the city is named after the Kostroma River, on the banks of which it stands. According to another version, the name may be associated with the character of peasant beliefs - Kostroma - a straw scarecrow, which was burned with the advent of spring. The most popular version refers us to the times when on the banks of the Volga in the winter they made large "bonfires" of forest, which later rafted down the river.
Holy Trinity Ipatiev Monastery
The first annalistic mention of the existence of Kostroma as a significant city dates back to 1213, when there was a big fire. In the first half of the XIV century. (1364) Kostroma is part of the Moscow Principality, since then its history is inseparable from the development and culture of the all-Russian state.
The first decade of the 17th century brought the Russian people the ordeals of the Time of Troubles. In 1609, the Kostroma militia played a significant role in the fight against Polish intervention, expelling from Ipatiev Monastery, supporters of False Dmitry II who had taken refuge there. Kostroma citizens were courageous participants of the Kozma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky people's militia. In the fight against the Polish invaders, the patriotic feat was made by the Kostroma peasant Ivan Susanin, who led the Polish detachment into impenetrable jungle and did not allow the enemies to find a way to Kostroma, where the future sovereign Mikhail Romanov was at that time.
Monument to the national hero - Ivan Susanin
March 14, 1613 from the Ipatiev Monastery, Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov was called to the kingdom. Kostroma became the birthplace of the Romanov dynasty, which ruled in Russia for more than 300 years.
Panorama of the Ipatiev Monastery
By the middle of the XVII century, Kostroma in its own way economic development becomes the third city of Moscow Russia after Moscow and Yaroslavl. Kostroma merchants traded with East and West. Then in Kostroma there is a large shopping center - meat, flour, salt, Kalash, fur coat trade rows.
The Red Rows (late XVIII — early XIX centuries) and the Church of the Savior in the Rows
Throughout the XVIII century, Kostroma continued to develop as an industrial, commercial and political center of a vast region. In 1778, it became a provincial city. In Kostroma in 1751, the merchant I.D. Uglechaninov built the first linen factory, and already in the 1790s there were 5 cloth factories in the city. Kostroma took the first place in Russia in the production of linen fabrics. There were also 12 tanneries and 18 brick factories, 6 cloth manufactories, bell foundries, tiled and other factories. Kostroma has become a major commercial marina on the Volga transit route. Kostroma products went to the markets of Yaroslavl, Vologda, Nizhny Novgorod, Moscow and St. Petersburg.
The heyday of the city falls on the end of the XVIII - beginning of the XIX century. In 1767, Empress Catherine II visited Kostroma, giving her a coat of arms depicting the Tver Gallery, and also participating in the adoption of a master plan for the development of the city. And now, in the historical part of Kostroma, a unique fan building is preserved, when 8 main streets diverge from Susaninskaya Square, which Kostroma residents often call a “frying pan”.
Top view of Susaninskaya Square
The beginning of the 20th century was marked in Russia by three revolutions, events of the First World War and civil wars. They did not bypass the life of Kostroma. In the course of the revolutionary events of 1905, one of the first in the country Council of Workers' Deputies was created in Kostroma. Political parties are active.
The beginning of the twentieth century. View of the left bank of the Volga with the Kostroma Kremlin (not preserved to this day)
January 14, 1929 by the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the USSR, the Kostroma province was abolished. She was originally part of Ivanovo, and then Yaroslavl regions. But this did not mean the end of the history of the city. Industrialization went on at the highest rate, for example, in 1932 it was opened railroad bridge, greatly simplified the transit of goods throughout the country.
Railway bridge over the Volga
During the Great Patriotic War, thousands of Kostroma defended their homeland in the ranks of the Yaroslavl Communist Division and were awarded orders and medals for valiant exploits at the front and rear, 29 of them were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Since August 1944, the Kostroma region has been restored, and the city of Kostroma is its administrative center.
The Eternal Flame Memorial
In the post-war years, new industries were developing here - power engineering, machine building and metalworking, electronics and instrument making, and the wood processing industry. Traditional light industry remains developed and prosperous. New museums are opening - including museum of Wooden Architecture (currently "Kostroma settlement").
In 1970, the auto-pedestrian bridge across the Volga was opened, connecting the two banks (and the city is currently growing on two banks).
Auto-pedestrian bridge across the Volga
In 2018, Kostroma will celebrate its 866th anniversary.
The city's attractions
The uniqueness and uniqueness of Kostroma, which is part of the Golden Ring of Russia, determines the unique preserved architectural appearance of the city, including numerous cultural monuments and historical sights. The Volga River, dividing the city into two parts, gives it special beauty and attractiveness. The symbol of Kostroma and the Kostroma region, by right, is the Fire Tower (1826) - one of the most expressive architectural attractions of the city. The fire tower and the nearby building of the former Guardhouse, which now houses the expositions of the Kostroma Museum-Reserve, have become a real decoration of the central Susaninskaya square of the city. The unique architectural ensemble of the central square complements the magnificent mansion - the house of General S. Borshchov (1822), the building of the Provincial Offices (1809), in which the city hall is located, and the complex of Kostroma shopping arcades, which is one of the largest surviving shopping centers Russia at the end of the 18th century Near the buildings of the shopping arcade is a monument to Ivan Susanin, in the city center you can see a monument to the founder of the ancient Kostroma - Yuri Dolgoruky. Not far from the central square is the Epiphany-Anastasiin Monastery (1426) with the five-domed Epiphany Cathedral (1565), the walls of which contain the most revered shrine - the icon of Theodore Mother of God, which for centuries has been considered the patroness of the city. One of the brightest sights of Kostroma is a recognized masterpiece of architectural architecture, an outstanding monument of Russian architecture of the 17th century. - Church of the Resurrection on Debre (1652).
Church of the Resurrection of Christ on Debre (Resurrection Cathedral)
Opposite the central part of the city, beyond the Kostroma River, is the Ipatiev Monastery of the Holy Trinity (1330) - the oldest surviving church architectural ensemble of Kostroma. The Ipatiev Monastery is known for the clan tomb of the Godunov boyars, the majestic Trinity Cathedral (1652), the chambers of the Romanov boyars and the famous Ipatiev Chronicle. Near the Ipatiev Monastery is the Museum of Wooden Architecture, where you can see the monuments of folk wooden architecture of the 16th-early 20th centuries, which made up the open-air museum.
One of the most famous and recognizable sights of Kostroma is the Ostrovsky gazebo, which offers a magnificent view of the Volga River.
Arbor Ostrovsky
Attractiveness to the city is given by the preserved ancient merchant mansions and buildings, such as the building of the Romanovsky Museum (1911), the Noble Assembly, the building of the Drama Theater (1863). Among the sights of Kostroma, it should also be noted: the Nativity Church (1663), the Transfiguration Church (1685), the Church of John Chrysostom (1791), the avenue of recognition, on which memorable brass plates are located to outstanding people of Russia with the names of Tsar Mikhail Romanov, Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, Tsar Boris Godunov, Ivan Susanin and others.folk ensemble “Venets”, the professional level of performing skills of which allows inviting for collaboration soloists - laureates of international competitions; ensemble of music, song and dance "Volga-Volga"; creative teams of the State philharmonic Kostroma region. The city is the birthplace of the world famous State Dance Ensemble "Kostroma".
For entertainment concert and exhibition center "Gubernsky"state philharmonic society Kostroma region, concert hall MBU "Renaissance". In the town 2 modern movie theaters: “Five Stars” (6 halls) and “Cinema Star” (4 halls).
Since 1997, an off-road automobile competition starts annually in Kostroma land Susanin Trophy. Autotourists not only from Russia, but also from other countries take part in it. 
International Fireworks Festival Silver Rook, traditionally held in Kostroma in August, was twice recognized as the best pyrotechnic show in Russia.
Have investment appeal brands “Fairytale Kostroma is the Motherland of the Snow Maiden”, “Kostroma is the cradle of the Romanov dynasty” and “Kostroma is the Jewelry Capital of Russia”.
Center of Kostroma - This is a huge Susaninskaya Square, which is located on both sides of Sovetskaya Street. Its northeastern part is popularly called the "Skillet".
The construction of the square is a unique, exemplary of its kind, architectural ensemble of the late XVIII-XIX centuries. In the center, by analogy with other regional centers, there is prime Meridian.
The historical part of Kostroma has a radial-semicircular layout - streets from Susaninskaya Square in different directions, like the rays of the sun. There is a legend that Catherine II, when asked what she would like to see Kostroma, unfolded her fan. And so they built the streets, according to the fan layout of the Empress. To this day, if you look at Kostroma from above, it seems that there is a huge fan.
Most of the public transport routes pass through Tekstilshchik Avenue. There is a trolleybus in Kostroma. But the main carrier is shuttle taxis. Minibus - the main sign of problems with by public transport in the town.
Public Transportation in Kostroma - Trolleybus
Every year, magnificent flower beds are planted on Susaninskaya Square. Patterns of thousands of dahlias, petunias, and cineraria appear in the center of the city.
And in 2014, near the monument to Susanin, they put an interesting flower garden in the shape of a boat, on which the Kostroma baby and tourists love to climb.
In addition to the monument to Susanin, in the center there is a "small architectural form" to the fire dog Bobka. This dog in the 19th century lived in the fire department and saved lives. Near the monument is a ball - a piggy bank, where everyone can throw a coin as a donation to the City Center for Animal Overexposure.
To the left of the square in the Big Flour Rows is a cheese exchange where you can buy products from the manufacturer. Cheese production is one of the main brands of Kostroma. In general, it is unlikely that there will be another such city in Russia with so many well-known brands. Here is an incomplete list: “The Cradle of the Romanov Dynasty”, “Ivan Susanin is a patriot of the Russian land”, “Kostroma is the pearl of the Golden Ring of Russia”, “Kostroma is the Small Homeland of A.N. Ostrovsky ”,“ Kostroma is the linen capital of Russia ”,“ Kostroma is the jewelry capital of Russia ”,“ Kostroma is the cheese capital of central Russia ”.
Kostroma is the cheese capital!
Below we will talk in detail about the most important sights of the central part of Kostroma.
Kostroma Architecture
Administrative and trade ensembles are located on Susaninskaya Square in Kostroma, which are among the best examples of Russian provincial classicism of the 18th-19th centuries. They were built by St. Petersburg masters according to the special “imperial status” of the city, which is why Kostroma is sometimes compared with St. Petersburg.
On the panorama of Susaninskaya Square (from left to right) - Fire tower, the former guardhouse, the former house of Rogatkin and Botnikov, the house of Borshchov and the Office Building.
An outstanding monument of the era of classicism - the 35-meter fire tower has long been an architectural symbol of Kostroma and high point downtown. Arriving here in 1834, Emperor Nicholas I exclaimed enthusiastically: “I don’t even have such a bow”. Until the 1990s, it remained an active fire department, now transferred to the Kostroma Museum.
Former guardhouse
In the vicinity of the fire tower in Kostroma is the building of the former garrison guardhouse. Today, the building is occupied by a branch of the Kostroma State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve. Architect P.I. Fursov is the author of these two small architectural masterpieces of the imperial level.
The former house of Rogatkin and Botnikov
Center of Kostroma. Left - The former house of Rogatkin and Botnikov.
A three-story brick building in the style of classicism (pictured left) is the most inconspicuous of the architectural ensemble of Susaninskaya Square. But despite its plainness, the construction continues to play an extremely important urban development role in the ensemble of Susanin Square. Not to mention the historical significance - it was in this house that A.N. Ostrovsky himself and the “moral genius” of Russian literature V.G. Korolenko.
House Borshchova
Mansion Borshchova N.I. Metlina - This is one of the largest estates in Kostroma in the first quarter of the 19th century, which has extremely important town-planning significance in the development of the center.
It was in this house that Nikolai Nekrasov, observing scenes from urban life, described a monument to Tsar Mikhail Romanov and peasant Ivan Susanin, standing on Susaninskaya Square until 1918, in his poem “To Live Well in Russia”:
Forged from copper
Exactly Saveliy
granddad,
A man in the square
- Whose monument? -
Susanina
Office building in Kostroma
At Sovetskaya, 1 is one of the main administrative and public buildings of Kostroma. In the past - Public places, now - the city administration. The construction was created according to the model project of the famous Russian architect A.D. Zakharova. Similar administrative buildings can be seen in other cities of Russia, since the project is a typical one.
Cheese Exchange in Kostroma
The Cheese Exchange is located to the left of the square, in the Great Flour Rows, Pavilion No. 53
In the political sense, Kostroma was not called the capital for long, but to this day it proudly conveyed the title of the cheese capital.
At the end of the 19th century, in the village of Andreevsky, the merchant Vladimir Blandov founded the first cheese factory on Kostroma land. In those days, cheese was a rare and expensive delicacy and it was rarely taken by ordinary commoners. But after some time it began to be produced on an industrial scale throughout Russia.
Today in the Kostroma region there are about 11 large cheese factories that produce the famous varieties "Kostroma", "Susaninsky", "Demidov", "Voskresensky", "Ivan Kupala".
If you are in Kostroma, be sure to check out the Cheese Exchange, which is located on Susaninskaya Square from the Volga. Here you can try all the variety of Kostroma cheeses, and buy the product you like at the price of the manufacturer.
Monument to Ivan Susanin in Kostroma
Initially, the monument to Susanin stood on Susaninskaya Square, opposite the fire tower. In the center of the composition was a bust of Mikhail Romanov, at the foot of which was the figure of the patriot Ivan Susanin. It was demolished by the Bolsheviks, who considered such a position humiliating for a national hero.
The modern monument of Ivan Susanin meets tourists at the Shopping Rows on Milk Mountain.
Our next tour is dedicated to the streets of Kostroma. We will walk along the central boulevard, Prospect Tekstilshchikov, Simanovsky and Sovetskaya streets.
