Crimean mountains belong to the folded structures of the Alpine geosynclinal belt. They are a large and complex anticlinal uplift - anticlinorium, the southern part of which is lowered and flooded by the waters of the Black Sea.
The Crimean mountains consist of the main ridge, called Yaila, and two advanced kuest ridges to the north of it, clearly expressed in the western and middle parts of the Crimean Mountains. Yaila corresponds to the axial zone of the Crimean anticlinorium, kuests monocline its northern wing.
The western part of Yaila is an integral mountain range with a plateau-like surface, while the eastern part breaks up into more or less isolated plateau-like massifs (Chatyrdag, Karabayila, etc.). The highest peak of Yaila rises in the east of the western part - Mount Roman-Kosh on Babuganyaila (1545 m).
The flat top surfaces of Yaila are composed mainly of solid Upper Jurassic limestones, which form steep, often steep slopes of the plateau (especially along the southern coast of Crimea) and steep sides of canyons that divide their edges.
A characteristic landscape feature of Yale is given by karst relief forms. Karst Yaila is very fully expressed and serves as a classic example of the bare Mediterranean type karst.
Crimea. Yayla from the northwest side. In the background, Chatyrdag is on the left, and Babuganyayla is on the right. Fig.
N. A. Gvozdetsky
The relief of the southern coast of the Crimean peninsula is mainly ridge-erosive, in many places complicated by the accumulations of limestone blocks falling off the Yayla cliffs, sliding along the Tauride schists (Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic), large limestone massifs and landslides in the shales themselves. Landslides damage resort buildings, gardens and vineyards.
In the Crimean mountains, the altitudinal zonality of landscapes is clearly manifested. On the southern slope of Yaila, the lower altitude zone corresponds to the Southern coast of Crimea, which due to climatic conditions can be attributed to the northeastern outskirts of the Mediterranean subtropical climate. The southern coast, protected from the continent’s winds by a mountain barrier, is largely affected by the mitigating effect of the sea.
The climate of the Crimean mountains
Precipitation (the annual amount in Yalta is about 600 mm) falls most of all in winter. At this time, Mediterranean cyclones penetrate here. In the spring, with a weakening of cyclonic activity in the Mediterranean, rainfall decreases. Least of them falls in April - May and August. With large insolation in summer there is a lack of moisture, so you have to resort to watering fruit trees, young plantings of tobacco. Due to the uneven precipitation, the rivers of the South Bank are characterized by a Mediterranean regime with winter and spring floods and a steady summer-autumn low-water season.
Protected from the north by the Yaila barrier, the South Coast is warmer than other areas of the Crimea. About 150 days a year, the average daily temperature is above 15 °. Winter is mild (average January temperature is about 4 °), plants do not stop growing. Falling snow sometimes melts quickly, but more often it rains in winter. Summer and autumn are sunny, warm, the average temperature of July and August is about 24 °. The eastern part of the southern coast of Crimea is drier, with annual precipitation of 500-600 mm or less.
The climate of the peak surface of Yaila is characterized by cool summers (at an altitude of about 1200 m the average July temperature is 4-15.7 °), not very harsh in winter (the average January temperature at the same height is about -4 °, in the east lower), significant rainfall ( in the western part up to 1000-1200 mm per year), strong winds.
In the west, the seasonal distribution of precipitation is the same as on the South Bank, with a maximum in winter. In the east, the maximum is summer. In the summer of three days, one, and in the winter, two are on Yale with rainfall. In winter, precipitation falls in the form of snow.
Landscapes of the Crimean mountains
In a small space of the Crimean mountains, diverse landscapes are pronounced (see diagram). Especially characteristic is the karst landscape of the top surface of Yaila (1) with karra, funnels, and other forms of bare karst, with natural mines, which often serve as ways of penetrating the mysterious underground world. A flat surface, corroded by karst, absorbs rain and melt snow water, therefore there are no surface streams and only in funnels with a silty bottom puddles of standing water are formed.
Landscapes:
1 - karst peak surface of the Yaila; 2 - mountain-forest slopes of Yaila; 3 - shrub and forest-steppe (southern type) kuest ridges; 4 - Mediterranean forest and cultivated; 5 - Mediterranean xerophytic-shrub-steppe
Carra fields characteristic of bare karst are combined on high massifs with rocky mountain meadows and meadow steppes, on lower - with mountain forest-meadow-steppe and forest-steppe vegetation. The karst landscape is distributed in all parts of the plateau of the western monolithic part of Yaila and in the fragmented plateau massifs of its eastern part, but is especially pronounced in Ai-Petri, Chatyrdag and Karabayil. Here, only at the bottom of karst funnels and hollows are meadow grasses green, on the lower sections of the tops of trees and bushes sticking out from funnels and estuaries of natural mines. This brings diversity to the landscape of bare rocky spaces, gives them spotting.
The lower tiers of the Yaila plateau were previously more forested. Deforestation and cattle eating tree shoots, which interfered with forest regeneration, as well as grass grazing by immoderate grazing, caused the spread of bare limestone surfaces and the development of bare karst and the deterioration of the source regime under limestone cliffs framing plateaus. Strict implementation of the prohibition of livestock grazing and reforestation measures will help to improve the water regime of Yaila and its karst sources.
The mountain-forest landscapes of the Yayla slopes (2) with beech and oak forests and mountain burozems are similar to the Caucasian and Carpathian forests, while the forests of Crimean pine on the southern slope are typical of Crimea and are repeated only in the northern part of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. Crimean mountain forests play an extremely large erosion and water protection role. Their protection and restoration are necessary, especially in mudflow hazardous basins. The animals that inhabit these forests need protection.
The Mediterranean landscape of the South Shore (4) is unique with shale slopes, chaos of stone blocks, landslides, limestone rocks, laccoliths. Oak-juniper forests with an evergreen undergrowth, with red-brown and brown soils are preserved here. However, in large part, this landscape has given way to cultivated vineyards and tobacco plantations, gardens, parks, beautiful resort buildings and well-equipped beaches. Climatic conditions and soils of the Southern coast of Crimea are favorable not only for viticulture (good table and wine varieties are grown) and tobacco growing, but also for subtropical fruit growing. To protect the cultivated landscape of the South Bank, the fight against landslides, erosion and mudflows is important. Measures recommended for landscapes (1) and (2) should lead to an improvement in its water regime.
A strip of the Mediterranean xerophytic-shrub landscape stretches along the coast east of Alushta (5). It is characterized by vegetation characteristic of the Eastern Mediterranean - shiblyak, freegan, in the east in combination with steppes. Brown skeletal soils are developed on weathered shale gravel. The typical erosion relief of the distribution band of this landscape in Tauride schists is characterized by intensive dissection of the surface by valleys of the first, second, and third orders and is sharply contrasted with the almost not affected by erosion karst surfaces of neighboring Yayla. For this landscape, it is especially necessary to combat mudflows developing in the strip of Tauride schists and sandstones. We need a comprehensive anti-mudflow protection (hydraulic structures, phytomelioration on the slopes of mudflow catchments, etc.
On the northern side of Yaila, peculiar forest shrubs (dominated by fluffy oak) and southern forest-steppe landscapes of cuest ridges (3) with brown and humus-carbonate soils are widespread. Crowned by a cliff, the steep slope of the inner cuesta and the sharp steep sides of the canyons dissecting it create landscapes in which bare limestone walls, marlose slopes with screes, slopes overgrown with trees and bushes stand out in contrast.
The spectrum of altitudinal zonality of the southern slope of Yaila combines zones of the Mediterranean landscape of the South Bank, mountain forest with belts of oak with pine and beech forests, and the karst landscape of the summit surface. There is no Mediterranean landscape on the northern slope; in the lower altitude zone, a southern forest-steppe is developed, and in the middle (except for the westernmost regions) there are no Crimean pine forests typical of the southern slope. Greater similarities are observed, as is usually the case in the mountains, in the landscapes of the upper parts of the slopes. Nevertheless, in general, one can speak of different types of structure of the altitudinal zonality of the landscapes of the northern and southern slopes of the Crimean mountains. Their differences are due to the climatic barrier role of Yaila. In the east, more continental variants of the distinguished types are observed.
Mountain Crimea is a natural museum where diverse landscapes and a mass of unique natural monuments are concentrated in a relatively small area.
The extremely high landscape and biological diversity of Crimea, despite its insignificant latitudinal extent (324 km in latitude and 207 km in the meridian), is its main resource in the context of providing a landscape background for various types of health-improving, sports, educational and recreational activities and the organization of special visits to landscape objects for excursion display and eco-tourism promotions.
Crimea is a unique territory in terms of a combination of landscapes in a small space (26 thousand sq. Km): flat semi-desert, typical steppe; foothill forest-steppe and forest; mountain forest (oak, hornbeam, pine, beech) forests and semi-subtropical endemic and relic juniper-pistachio forests (Fig. 2.21). Unique landscape diversity has a high aesthetic value and attractiveness for tourist and recreational activities. Landscape diversity is enhanced by a combination of plain and mountain landscapes, land and sea, and complemented by underground cave landscapes 1.
Pozachenyuk E., Karpenko S. Landscape and recreational microzoningas a basis for rcreation of new recreational / tourism obiects evidence from Crimea, Ukraine Krajobraz aczlowiek wczasie iprzestrzeni // Prace Komisii Krajobrazu Kulturowego / Komisja Krajobrazu Kulturowego PTG, Sosnowiec. 2013. No.20. P. 26-33.
Fig. 2.21.
Zone of low undrained and poorly drained accumulative and denudation plains with fescue-feather grass, wormwood-fescue, wormwood-wheat grass steppes
in a complex with halophytic meadows and steppesHydromorphic belts:
coastal undrained lowlands, beaches and braids with halophytic meadows, salt marshes and psammophyte communities; accumulative and denudational undrained and weakly drained lowlands with wormwood and fescue, wormwood and hayfoot steppes and feather-grass fescue steppes;
accumulative and denudation weakly drained plains with feather-grass fescue and wormwood-fescue steppes;
| accumulated drained and weakly drained lowlands with feather grass and fescue steppes in combination with feather grass and grass steppes.
Zone of typical feather-grass fescue and poor-grass-feather grass-feather grass steppes in combination with petrophytic
and shrubby steppes
Landscape tiers:
I I denudation layer of feather-grass fescue, petrophytic and shrub steppes;
1 denudation-accumulative tier with feather-grass fescue, shrub-herbaceous and petrophytic steppes.
Zone of foothill accumulative, remnant-denudation and structural denudation plains and cuest elevations with mixed steppes, shrubbery, forest-steppe and undersized oak forestsLandscape belts of the northern macro slope:
forbs-beard and fordesphodeline steppes on accumulative and denudation plains; e forest-steppe on denudation-remnant, structural denudation and accumulative plains, cuest elevations;
| oak forests and shrubs on denudation-remnant and inclined structural denudation plains and cuest highlands.
Landscape belts in the low-mountain zone of the Southern coast of Crimea:
| | oak-pistachio, juniper-pine forests and shiblyakovye
thickets;
| pine, oak and mixed broad-leaved forests and shiblikovye thickets.
Zone of the northern macro slope of mountains, beech, oak and mixed broad-leaved forests
Landscape belts:
| -1 hollows and erosive low mountains, oak, mixed widely
deciduous and pine forests;
I mid-mountain slope, oak, juniper-oak and mixed broad-leaved forests;
| mid-mountain slope, beech, beech-hornbeam, mixed broad-leaved forests.
Zone of the southern macro slope of the mountains, oak, pine and mixed
deciduous forests
Landscape belts:
| | low slope, oak and mixed
deciduous forests;
| mid-mountain slope, oak, pine and mixed broad-leaved forests;
beech and mixed broad-leaved forests.
Zone of the Yailin plateau, mountain meadows and mountain forest-steppeLandscape belts:
| | forest and meadow-forest-steppe plateaus;
meadow and meadow-forest plateaus.
Assessment of the landscape as a recreational resource can be carried out based on such properties as landscape diversity; landscape diversity of the territory and perception of the landscape by others; the area of \u200b\u200bnatural landscapes close to zonal; the ratio of natural landscapes and transformed (anthropogenic), etc.
Among the factors determining the landscape diversity of the territory, the following can be distinguished:
Positional relations of the territory - form special landscapes in the zone of contact between land and sea, at the junction of tectonic structures, plains and mountains, forests and steppes, on the border
climatic zones, habitats of flora and fauna, etc. ;
- the history of the formation of landscapes, which determined the relationship (or, conversely, isolation) with other landscapes, the nature and frequency of regime change (climatic, tectonic, etc.);
- lithological diversity of rocks, contributing to the creation of various forms of relief and, accordingly, the variety of ecological niches of living organisms, etc .;
- the degree of dissection of the relief, affecting a lower landscape level on the diversity of relief forms, expositions, ongoing natural processes, etc .;
- anthropogenic impact on the environment and the formation of peculiar anthropogenic landscapes.
Crimean landscapes develop depending on the position relative to the Black and Azov Seas, as well as the Scythian platform and the geosynclinal structures of the Crimean Mountains. As a result, they are subdivided into two contrasting parts in their natural qualities: plain steppe (about 16 thousand square kilometers) and mountainous, mostly forest (about 10 thousand square kilometers). The spatial combination of the platform and geosynclinal structures of Crimea led to the formation of landscape levels: hydromorphic, placor, low-mountain, and mid-mountain (see Fig. 2.21). The landscape level is the planetary geomorphological levels, relatively homogeneous in relief and soil moisture.
Fragments of hydromorphic (28.4% of the peninsula's area), upland (35.4%), piedmont (25.9%) and mid-mountain (10.3%) landscape levels are found in Crimea (Fig. 2.22). Each landscape level has its own set of natural zones and other units of spatial differentiation of the landscape.
Grishankov G.E., Pashchenko V.A., Pozachenyuk E.A. Positionality in landscapes and landscape science // Physical geography and geomorphology. Respubdikansky interdepartmental collection. Kiev, 1991.S. 11-20.
Grishaikov G.E. Landscape levels of continents and geographical zoning // Izv. USSR Academy of Sciences. 1972. No. 4. P. 4-12. (Series: Geography).
comrade, which is due to a different set of factors. At the hydro-morphic level, intrazonal differentiation is primarily associated with a change in the groundwater level, at the upstream level, with the presence of high-altitude steps, at the foothill and mid-mountain levels, with a height above sea level and position in relation to radiation and circulation flows.
LANDSCAPE LEVELS OF CRIMEA
Gndromorfn Plakorny Piedmont Srednegornyn
Row 2? Row3
Fig. 2.22.Areal (row 2) and high-altitude (row 3) ratios of landscape levels of Crimea
The position of Crimea in the south of the temperate zone, combined with positional effects, forms various types of temperate landscapes within the lowland Crimea and the northern macro slope of the Crimean mountains, and in the southern macro slope - semi-tropical tropical coastal.
The natural spatial conjugation of landscape levels in combination with the type of climate led to the formation in Crimea of \u200b\u200ban integrated system of landscape zones, landscape zones and other landscape units.
In the north of the peninsula, landscapes of the North Crimean lowland extend, which are currently highly cultivated. But the combination of coastal sea and lowland territories makes this part of Crimea quite attractive in the tourist-recreational aspect. This resource is acceptable for the development of rural tourism.
Mountains occupy the southern part of the Crimean peninsula: The main ridge of the Crimean mountains and the foothills bordering it. The specificity of the landscapes of the Main Ridge lies in the fact that it has flat peaks - yayl with mountain meadows and forest landscapes. The development of karst in Upper Jurassic limestones forms surface and underground karst landscapes. In Crimea there are several equipped caves - Marble, Emine-Bair-Khosar, Krasnaya, which have become a center of attraction for tourism and the development of an entire tourist complex around them. The underground world of Crimea has a high recreational resource and deserves further recreational development. Considering that Crimean eggs are the largest catchment area and reservoir of fresh water, the recreational use of eggs is strictly regulated.
A special picturesque landscape of the Southern coast of Crimea (South Coast), as a geoecotone (transition zone), combining land and sea landscapes; semi-subtropical forest, steppe and shrub, has a high health function. Phytoncides of Crimean pine and pine-juniper forests are a good environment for the healing and treatment of pulmonary diseases. A special role belongs to forests of high juniper: 4 g of essential oil can heal the population of a small city. Landscapes of the South Coast are a resource for the development of elite recreation, climate therapy, cruise, festival and other types of tourism.
The combination of tectonic structures of a lower order (synclines and anticlines) leads to a variety of geological and geomorphological foundations and the formation of unique landscapes of the Crimea, such as cuesta 1. Cuest landscapes are one of the most attractive landscapes of Crimea, and in combination with ancient fortifications, they are a resource for the development of cognitive, pedestrian, speleotourism, etc. These are centers of gravity for tourists and pilgrims.
The history of the formation of Crimean landscapes led to the presence in Crimea of \u200b\u200bunique relict landscapes, which are an indispensable resource for educational and scientific tourism. The core of the Crimean flora forms an ancient Mediterranean geographical element (Fig. 2.23). The number of Mediterranean species with the inclusion of transitional European-Mediterranean reaches 50% 2. This fact indicates the close connection of Crimea with the ancient Mediterranean.
Fig. 2.23.
The lithological diversity of rocks determines the formation of landscape diversity and unique landscapes. Forest-steppe landscapes of the foothills of the Main ridge of the Crimean mountains with steep limestone massifs have attracted residents from ancient times. Mountain and foothill landscapes are a good resource for the development of mountain sports tourism,
Grishankov G.E., Pozachenyuk E.A. The genesis of the kuest relief of the Piedmont Crimea // Physical geography and geomorphology: Republic. inter. scientific Sat (Siev: Higher School, 1984. Issue 31.P. 108-115.
Pozachenyuk E.A. Floristic communications of Crimea from the point of view of positional relations // Ecosystems, their optimization and protection. Simferopol Publishing House of TNU, 2012. Issue. 7. S. 11-21.
Compiled by Dr. Geogr. sciences, prof. E.A. Pozachenyuk.
ethnographic, rural, military-historical, equestrian, cognitive. Past tectonic activity led to unique landscapes of laccoliths (Ayu-Dag, Castel) and extinct volcanoes - Karadag.
Within the Crimean peninsula, 128 geological monuments with a peculiar formation of landscape complexes stand out. Crimean geological monuments are divided into geomorphological, stratigraphic, tectonic, paleontological, mineralogical and petrographic, geoculturological. Geological monuments are concentrated mainly in the mountainous part of Crimea, as well as on the Kerch Peninsula, and to a lesser extent - in the flat part. Landscapes of geological monuments are a resource for the formation of geoparks actively developing in Europe.
The whole set of factors determining the landscape diversity of Crimea leads to the formation of a unique landscape environment for the development of recreation and tourism.
You can evaluate landscape diversity depending on its types: traditionally landscape or classic; biocentric; man-made; humanitarian. These concepts do not contradict one another, but are interconnected and complement each other. Based on each of them, recreational resources can be estimated.
Classical landscape diversity comes from the traditional understanding of landscape as a natural object. The indicators currently used to characterize landscape diversity are very diverse, highly subjective and difficult to apply in practice, particularly in the tourism sector. If we consider landscape diversity as a recreational resource along with resources, for example, beach, balneological, climatological, and others, then for the organizers of the tourism industry, such indicators are of interest: qualitative properties of the resource, its quantity (area, volume, reserves), seasonality, duration of use , landscape resistance to recreational loads. Analysis of landscape maps allows us to offer the following characteristics: the ratio of the number of landscape contours and the areas occupied by them, location (contrast of the landscape), configuration features, frequency of occurrence of landscape complexes (dominant, rare, unique).
Based on the landscape maps of Crimea, an assessment of landscape diversity was carried out (Fig. 2.24).
Fig. 2.24.
localities
The maximum diversity or a sharp increase in the intensity of its manifestation is characteristic of the Crimean geo-ecotones - transitional zones between the foothill and the main ridge of the Crimean mountains, southern coastal and mountainous landscapes. The maximum landscape diversity is manifested in the southwestern Mountain Crimea and, in particular, is characteristic of the South Coast from Cape Ai-Todor to Cape Satera. This territory, as a landscape environment, is most valuable in a recreational sense.
The analysis of the Crimean landscape areas showed that the maximum area is occupied by the plateau landscapes of typical steppes in combination with savannoid and friganoid semi-subtropical steppes, then it decreases to the friganoid steppes and landscapes of hydromorphic plains. The minimum area is occupied by landscapes of mountain meadows and forest-steppe, as well as landscapes of the belt of mixed broad-leaved and pine forests, landscapes of the belt of pine and beech forests of the southern macro-slope and landscapes of mixed broad-leaved and pine forests of the northern macro-slope.
The analysis of the areas of the middle contour of the landscapes of zones and zones practically correlates with the area of \u200b\u200bthe zones and zones themselves. The minimum average area of \u200b\u200bthe landscape contour belongs to the southern coastal landscapes of pistachio-oak and oak-juniper forests, shrubs, savannoid and friganoid steppes (Fig. 2.25). The areas of landscape areas, especially those landscapes that are characterized by minimal values, must be taken into account when calculating the recreational loads and planning tourist and recreational activities.
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 19 14 1$ 16 17 18
- 2 7000 2 6000
- 3 booo
- ? 4000 s 3000 3000 1000 about
- 70 І 60 s 60 \u003d 40?
) ° 5 20 "10?
Fig. 2.25.Crimean landscape diversity at the level of belts
and tiers:
row 1 - the area of \u200b\u200blandscapes; row 2 - the number of landscape contours; row 3 - the number of typological landscape contours; landscape belts and tiers: 1-3 - landscape hydromorphic belts; 4-5 - landscape tiers of the plain Crimea; 6-8- landscape belts of the foothills; 9-10- landscape belts of the South Coast; 11-16 - landscape belts of mid-mountain slopes; 17-18 - landscape yayl belts
The number of all landscape contours and the number of typological contours for landscape zones and zones (see Fig. 2.25) reflects their high degree of correlation. The landscapes of the semi-subtropical forest-steppe foothills of the northern macro-slope (71 contours and 10 typological ones with an area of \u200b\u200b1.8 thousand square kilometers) stand out as the highest landscape diversity. The landscapes of the South Coast (9, 10) are distinguished by a certain “anomaly”; they have a minimal average area of \u200b\u200bthe landscape contour of the southern coastal landscapes of pistachio-oak and oak-juniper forests, shrubbery, savannoid and friganoid steppes (9). There is an inverse relationship between the area of \u200b\u200blandscapes and the total and typological number of their contours. The area is minimal, and the number of circuits is maximum. In all other landscapes of Crimea, a directly proportional dependence of the area and the number of contours is traced.
The highest coefficient of landscape diversity (Fig. 2.26) has southern coastal landscapes - pistachio-oak and oak-juniper forests, shrubbery, savannoid and freeganoid steppes (K l. N \u003d 2.0). The coefficient of landscape diversity of mountain landscapes (K l. „\u003d 0.3-0.6) differs sharply from the plain (0.04-0.15). Moreover, among plain landscapes, hydromorphic solonchak and halophytic meadows in combination with wormwood and fescue steppes have the greatest variety. Among mountain landscapes, mixed broad-leaved and pine forests stand out for landscape diversity (K ln \u003d 0.6). High diversity is noted for the Yaylinsky landscapes of mountain meadows and forest-steppe (K l p \u003d 0.7).
Coefficient of london-office Roemooorozi
LANDSCAPE P01CAII 1t
Fig.2.26. The coefficient of diversity of the landscapes of Crimea (K l. P) on
level of belts and tiers:
1-3 - landscape hydromorphic zones; 4-5 - landscape tiers of the plain Crimea; 6-8 - landscape belts of the foothills; 9-10 - landscape belts of the South Coast; 11-16 - landscape belts of mid-mountain slopes; 17-18 - landscape yayl belts
All Crimean landscapes are characterized by seasonal dynamism, the four seasons are well expressed, which makes them attractive for recreants, with the possibility of developing both summer and winter types of tourism and recreation.
Biocenotic landscape diversity is associated with the value of the biotic component of the landscape and is based, in most cases, on the system of the Crimean ecological network (eco-centers and eco-corridors), the most valuable elements of which are objects of the nature reserve fund (see paragraph 2.1.6).
Anthropogenic landscape diversity reflects the diversity of land types of nature management, both existing and historical. As a resource, this type of landscape diversity manifests itself in several properties. Assessment of recreational resources of this type of diversity is based not only on the indicators of the diversity of nature management, the contour of territorial structures, but also on the degree of their “culture”, aesthetics, originality (ethnicity), aesthetic and cultural-historical value.
The Crimean region is characterized by a high proportion of anthropogenic landscapes (71% of the territory is agricultural land, 47% is arable land). The territories directly used for organizing leisure and tourism make up 10.2 thousand hectares, including recreational land - 1.6 thousand hectares, recreational purposes - 4.3 thousand hectares, historical and cultural purposes - 4.3 thousand ha Agricultural areas can serve as a resource for the development of green tourism, especially in this regard, the landscapes of the foothills of the Main ridge of the Crimean Mountains, which have high aesthetics. The landscapes of the plain Crimea are promising for use.
Currently underused is sacred object resourcethat Crimea is so rich in. In Crimea, with its rich ethnic, religious history of ethnic groups and ethnic groups, these include constructions of 111-11 millennia BC - menhirs (from Greek megas big, cast - stone), cromlechs, dolmens. These are little studied objects. Still controversial are some issues of their construction and purpose. Undoubtedly, they are of great cognitive significance, but only a few objects are sightseeing, most can become promising objects of display when arranging new sightseeing routes. The most prominent of them are Skelsky Menhirs in the Baidar Valley, menhirs in the Bogaz-Sala tract near Bakhchisarai, as well as cromlechs near Alushta and in the region of Polyana Karasu-Bashi (Belogorsky district). Menhirs in with. Rodnikovskoe - the most ancient stone monuments in Crimea that were created by man. Initially, there were three menhirs, they were put in a certain order, and the whole structure looked like a right triangle. The surviving menhirs have the following parameters: the highest (Fig. 2.27) is inclined to 10 °, but its height is 2.7 m, diameter - up to 0.8 m; the second menhir is located on the site of the monument to those killed during the Second World War, has a height of 1.5 m, a length of 0.5 m and a width of 1.2 m; the third menhir was moved during the construction of a local club and lies in a ravine (dimensions: height 2.1 m, length 0.4 mi, width 0.6 m).
Fig. 2.27.
All menhirs from one material - pink marble-like limestone. Skelsk menhirs are the largest known in Southeast Europe. European tourists come to see these menhirs. Nevertheless, many Crimean sacred objects are not only underutilized in the recreational and tourist industry, but also have a negative impact on economic activities and are subjected to acts of vandalism.
The humanitarian interpretation of landscape diversity comes down to a holistic perception by a person of the landscape as a natural and cultural entity. From the point of view of humanitarian perception, three environments can be distinguished: natural, cultural and ethnic. Natural - an assessment of the landscape from the point of view of its perception by man (an assessment of the degree of aesthetics and the level of diversity); cultural environment (architecture, traditional forms of housing, forms of land use, etc.) - a person feels comfortable if he is in his cultural environment or has access to it; ethnic diversity - the diversity of traditions, lifestyle, etc. Humanitarian diversity is a direct recreational resource, and its assessment depends on the historical value of objects, the degree of their aesthetics, etc.
The conservation and updating of landscape diversity acts as an environmental and socio-psychological function. A person's comfortable state is possible in that landscape, which gives him a variety of values \u200b\u200band access to them. A person should not feel alienated from the landscape, from his natural wealth (a component of the historical past, ethnic traditions that have formed here).
Indicators of landscape diversity, which are based on its humanitarian understanding, are specific. An important indicator is how a person perceives the landscape. The system of environmental indicators includes not only objectively measured characteristics of the landscape, but also some psychological characteristics. These include the following factors:
- beauty, mystery, bright line (cliff, waterfall). These characteristics are perceived by people as a feature in which they perceive the landscape;
- human perception of the landscape when there is a variety of vegetation in it, the presence of water bodies in the landscape, etc .;
- the optimal level of landscape diversity, in which a person feels more comfortable, in which he is better recovering from stress.
Despite the fact that beauty is an objective property of the surrounding world and an objective need of a person when planning recreational types of recreation, including health-improving, it is necessary to take into account the subjective need of a vacationer in the form of a landscape. It is uncomfortable for recreants permanently residing in the steppe regions to relax in the mountains, and mountaineers, on the contrary, in the plains. In this regard, the lowland Crimea is unclaimed as a landscape recreational resource.
Monuments of landscape gardening art of Crimea are very attractive, many of which serve as objects of targeted excursion display. Among them is Karasan Park (founded in the 19th century; it has 220 different species and garden forms of dendroflora on 18 hectares); Utes cliff resort park (about 150 species and forms of plants per 5 hectares); park in the rest house "Aivazovskoye" in Partenit; Arboretum of the Crimean nature reserve (more than 100 species of plants on an area of \u200b\u200b6 hectares), Miskhor, Livadia, Massandra and Vorontsov parks.
In modern tourist and excursion practice, many landscape objects are actively used, which are of great image-forming importance for the Crimea as a whole and its recreational areas.
Southern Recreation Area:
- Ayu-Dag (Bear Mountain) - a symbol of the South Coast; landscape reserve since 1974. It is an intrusive massif, composed of gabbrodiabases, interesting for lovers of geological collections and studying Crimean endemic species (44 species of Red Book plants);
- caves of Chatyr-Dag massif;
- mountain range Demerdzhi. It is composed of Upper Jurassic conglomerates, and individual inclusions are represented by rocks whose age reaches 1.1 billion years. Great stone chaos is located on the southwestern slope, and bizarre weathering forms have formed on the south, known as the Valley of Ghosts - a popular natural tourism destination;
- Hapkhal-gorge on the river Ulu-Uzen. Located in a remote place at the foot of the Tyr-ke massif. On the river Ulu-Uzen near with. Generalskoye is located Dzhur-Dzhur waterfall - the most powerful waterfall in the Crimea, not drying up even in dry years;
- Sotery River Valley is a protected area since 1980 (area - 10 ha). Water of the beams is a unique monument of nature - Sotery stone mushrooms - an example of the original development of the relief in conditions of insufficient afforestation of slopes and the influence of water erosion;
- Kuchuk-Lambatsky stone chaos - stretches for 1 km along a slope 200 m high to the beach near the village. Cypress. Formed by the collapse of the Upper Jurassic limestones. Separate blocks reach the size of a two-story house;
- Kanaka tract - a botanical reserve since 1987 (area - 160 hectares). Juniper grove of high 500-600 years old is the object of ecological tourism;
- Wuchang-Su Waterfall;
- Yaman-Dere gorge and Golovkinsky waterfall.
Southeast region:
Novyi Svit - a landscape reserve with groves of relict pine of Sudak and juniper trees and picturesque coastal-aquatic complexes of Golubaya bays,
Blue, Green, Robber. Here is the famous Golitsyn trail;
- Karadag is an ancient volcanic massif, a kind of mineralogical natural museum, whose age is about 150 million years. For mountain hiking, only the Great Ecological Trail is open here;
- Uzun-Syrt plateau with unique ascending air currents.
Southwest region:
- Cossack Bay - general zoological, hydrological reserve of national importance;
- Cape Ayia - landscape reserve of national importance;
- Cape Fiolent - a landscape reserve of national importance with a coastal aquatic complex;
- Laspi Rocks - protected area;
- Baydar Reserve - a landscape reserve of national importance;
- Chernorechensky canyon.
West area:
Moinaki Lakes, Sasyk-Sivash, Saki, etc.
Northwest region:
- Swan Islands - a reserve of international importance;
- Big and Small Atlesh - coastal-aquatic complexes;
- Dzhangulsky landslide coast with numerous forms of destruction of the coast.
East area:
- Kazantip Nature Reserve - with virgin areas of feather grass, petrophilic, shrub and meadow steppes. Of 617 species of vascular plants, 25 species are listed in the Red Book of Crimea, 12 species of plants are endemic and relics, eight species are listed in the Red Book of Europe and six are protected by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The fauna is represented by 188 species of vertebrates and 450 species of invertebrate animals, 35 species are protected;
- Astana plavni- state ornithological reserve. The lands attract numerous migratory and breeding waterfowl in the Crimea; more than 120 species have been recorded;
- Bulganak mud volcanic massif (area about 4 sq. Km), located 9 km north of Kerch, near the village. Bon Darenkovo. The most famous are the hills of An-Drusov, Vernadsky and Obruchev, the Abiha cone;
- Regional park "Karalarsky" (Chagany area, 6806 hectares; Leninsky district). In the conditions of the former military training ground, large areas of virgin grass, feather grass, mixed grass and shrub steppes with great floral diversity are well preserved;
- Mount Opuk - height 185 m; area of \u200b\u200b1,592.3 ha; reserve since 1998, an example of a crest-hills steppe landscape.
Central District:
- Mangup-Kale - a complex natural monument of national importance;
- The Grand Canyon of Crimea - a picturesque canyon near the village. Falcon, landscape reserve of national importance;
- Bakla - a tract with interesting outcrops of rocks;
- Karabi-yayla - karst massif;
- Ak-Kaya is a rock in Belogorsky district, a complex natural monument of national importance.
Northern region:
Aquatic complexes of the Sivash Bay.
Crimea is not only the sea coast, mountains and ancient parks with exotic plants. Few people know that about two-thirds of the peninsula is occupied by the steppe. And this part of Crimea is also beautiful, unique and charming in its own way. This article will focus on the Steppe Crimea. What is this region? Where are its borders? And what is its nature?
Features of the geography of Crimea
From the point of view of geomorphology and landscape zoning, the territory of the Crimean peninsula is divided into several zones:
- Plain or steppe (number I on the map).
- Mountain (figure II).
- South coast or in abbreviated form - South Coast (III).
- Kerch ridge-hilly (IV).
If you look at the physical map of the peninsula, you can see that about 70% of its territory is occupied by the plain (or steppe) Crimea. In the south, it directly adjoins the Outer Ridge of the Crimean Mountains, in the north and east it is bounded by the shallow Sivash Bay, the shores of which are distinguished by a rich avifauna. In more detail about this natural region we will tell further.
Steppe Crimea on the administrative map of the peninsula
The area of \u200b\u200bthis region is about 17 thousand square kilometers. However, only a quarter of the entire population of Crimea lives in this territory - no more than 650 thousand people.
12 districts are fully or partially located within the Steppe Crimea:
- May Day.
- Razdolnensky.
- Krasnoperekopsky.
- Dzhankoysky.
- Krasnogvardeisky.
- Nizhnegorsky.
- Black Sea.
- Saksky.
- Soviet.
- Kirovsky (partially).
- Belogorsky (partially).
- Simferopol (partially).
The secret "capital" of the Crimean steppes can be called the city of Dzhankoy. Other large settlements in the region are Armyansk, Krasnoperekopsk, Yevpatoriya, Saki, Nikolaevka, Nizhnegorsky, Sovetsky, Oktyabrsky. Practically in each of them there are enterprises that process this or that type of local agricultural raw materials. The cities of Armyansk and Krasnoperekopsk are the most important centers of the chemical industry. It produces soda and sulfuric acid.
Geology and Terrain
The region is based on the Epigercin Scythian plate, composed of sediments of the Neogene and Quaternary periods. The relief of the Steppe Crimea is quite diverse. In the northern and northeastern parts, it is represented by several lowlands (Prisivash, North Crimean, Indole and others) with absolute heights not exceeding 30 meters above sea level.
In the west of the peninsula, the Tarkhankut Upland stands out sharply in relief. However, its elevation can only be called a stretch. After all, the maximum point of Tarkankut is only 178 meters. Nevertheless, due to the coastal position, the elevation differences are quite impressive here. Some coastal cliffs rise 40-50 meters above sea waters.
The relief of the region contributes to residential construction, the laying of roads and railways, active agricultural land development.
Climate and inland waters
The climate of the region is temperate continental, quite arid. Winters here are mild and with little snow, with frequent thaws. Summer is hot with minimal rainfall. Average air temperatures in July + 24 ... 27 degrees. The weather of the Steppe Crimea is variable, especially in transitional seasons.
As far back as the 19th century, academician G.P. Gelmersen suggested that the climate of the northern part of the Crimean peninsula in the future will become the main cause of poverty in this region. No more than 400 mm of precipitation falls here per year, which approximately corresponds to the level of moisture in the semi-desert zone. An important role in supplying the peninsula with fresh water is played by the North Crimean Canal. The only relatively large river of the Steppe Crimea is Salgir. In summer, many of its tributaries dry out in whole or in part.
Flora and fauna
In summer, the steppes resemble a lifeless desert with grass burnt out from the hot sun. But in spring the region comes to life, covered with a multi-colored carpet of flowering plants. The main representatives of the Crimean steppe flora are feather grass, fescue, bluegrass, wormwood, wheatgrass and other cereals. In spring, irises, tulips, poppies and various ephemeroids are actively blooming here.
The fauna of the Steppe Crimea is rather poor. It is dominated by small mammals living in burrows - gophers, jerboas, ferrets, hamsters, and field voles. Hares and various birds are quite common - larks, partridges, cranes, quail, eagles and loonies.
Unfortunately, significant areas of the Steppe Crimea are now plowed up. Virgin, untouched areas of natural landscapes can be found today only in reserves and on the slopes of beams.
The main attractions
An experienced tourist, along and across the outgoing mountain trails of the Crimean mountains, can be advised to go to the north of the peninsula. After all, there are also many interesting and beautiful objects. We have chosen ten sights of the Steppe Crimea, which are worth visiting in the first place. It:
- The landscape park "Kalinovsky".
- Peninsula Tyup-Tarkhan ("bird paradise" of the Crimea).
- Magic Harbor National Park on Tarhankut.
- Manor "Nizhnegorye" with a park.
- Juma Jami Mosque and Karaite Kenases in Yevpatoriya.
- Ancient Perekopsky shaft.
- Neo-Gothic church "Heart of Jesus" in Alexandrovka.
- Tulip fields in the village of Amber.
- The Abuzlar tract with mysterious petroglyphs.
Rest in the Crimean steppes can be no less interesting and informative than in the mountains or on the South Coast. In the eastern part of the Steppe Crimea there are a number of excellent sea resorts. Among them - Yevpatoriya, Saki, Black Sea, Nikolaevka, Olenevka, Mezhvodnoe and others.
"Landscapes of all planets, ruins of all empires"
Igor Rusanov
The landscape diversity of the Crimean peninsula is comparable to the whole country in Central Europe or the Mediterranean. This also applies to a complex geological structure, diverse in outlines of relief forms. The flora of Crimea is incredibly rich, for example, on only Bear Mountain about 900 species of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants - this corresponds to the floristic richness of large areas of Central Russia. The altitudinal zonation of the Crimean mountains forms landscapes very similar to the tundra, even with arctic plant species. There are no glaciers and highlands on the peninsula. But there is such a thing as aspects - short-term states of natural communities. This is, for example, the mass flowering of wild tulips in the Opuk Nature Reserve, or the drying of the estuaries to a bright pink color with shores of saturated Bordeaux color due to salt-tolerant plants. Such landscapes are featured more than once in Soviet science fiction. Steppes and deserts are also Crimea. But like everything and always on a peninsula with a fertile and peaceful nature.
It is quite clear that the main part of the Crimean peninsula is located in the Temperate climatic zone, therefore, birch grove, pine forest and all kinds of beloved Russian classics in the Crimea are not uncommon. The southern coast of Crimea (South Coast) is a sub-Mediterranean region with an abundance of evergreen vegetation. The foothills amaze with the expanses of the American Cretaceous Prairie, familiar to everyone from Westerns. And in the mountains it is not difficult to find classic alpine landscapes.
We recommend a first trip around the “world in miniature” along the circular route Golden ring of Crimea and we recommend a mandatory long stop in Alupka. Most of the Crimean sights are in the south-west, on the ring Simferopol - Bakhchisaray - Inkerman - Sevastopol - Balaklava - Laspi - Simeiz - Alupka - Miskhor - Yalta - Gurzuf - Partenit - Alushta - Angarsk pass - Salgir valley - Simferopol. The Golden Ring of Crimea from any of this point can be reached in 1 day! Of course you can go in any direction. But we recommend the first trip so that you arrive in Alupka early. You can return to your place of residence in the dark.
Filming in Vorontsov Palace and Park Complex allow you to make an incredible number of scenes from different historical eras in different corners of the globe. The grandiose stone chaos of the Upper Park is quite suitable as an alien landscape for star wars. The architecture of the palace was originally created as a strict medieval gothic on the western and northern facades and lush eastern luxury on the south and east sides. Upper Landscaped Park - in in English style and with wildlife corners of the South Coast, and the bottom regular with a combination italian terrace and french park art techniques.
Plan of the Vorontsov Palace and Park Complex in Alupka
The framing of the palace and park in Alupka is the famous mountain range Ai-petri in heavenly azure, and below the bright blue of the Black Sea with picturesque coastal cliffs. 
The most spectacular section of a car trip along the Golden Ring of Crimea is the highway Sevastopol - Yalta . Watching the landscape change from Laspi to Yalta, one famous German artist (with extensive travel experience) formulated a very simple idea: " yes you have a new country behind every turn of the highway! We just saw Italy, and now Greece. Yeah, and now Austria, and only 15 minutes ago was Switzerland. "Something like that ...
You can, of course, say that in Soviet times, Africa or the Arctic in the Crimea was removed because of the economy and the inability to travel abroad. But everything is much more complicated, and most importantly - more interesting!
CRIMEA - THE WHOLE WORLD ON SCREEN
EUROPE:
- Italy.
The film "Gadfly", scenery and shooting in Yalta.
The film "Anna Karenina", filming in the New World.
The film "Romeo and Juliet", the scenery in Yalta.
The film "Twelfth Night", the scenery in Yalta.
The film "Othello", scenery and shooting in Yalta.
The film "Moscow-Genoa", filming on the South Coast.
The film "Royal Hunt", decoration and shooting in Artek.
The film "Marco Polo" (production Canada), set
"Streets of Venice" and filming in Yalta.
- Spain.
The film "Don Quixote", scenery and shooting in Yalta and Ai-Petri.
The film "Dog in the Hay", filming in the Livadia Palace.
The film The Adventures of the Royal Sharpshooter
(production Great Britain), scenery and shooting
under Mount Demerdzhi, in the Baydar Valley, on Ai
Petri and other places.
The film "Empire of the Pirates", scenery and shooting in
Sudak and in Yalta.
- France.
The film "Sky Swallows", filming in the Vorontsov Palace and in Yalta.
The film "Captive of Europe" (production Poland), marine surveys in Artek.
The film "Prisoner of the Castle of Yves" ("Count of Monte Cristo"), shooting
marine scenes with the sailing ship "Comrade" in Gurzuf.
The film "Napoleon Kaput", filming in the Vorontsov Palace
and in the Crimean Mountains.
- England.
The film "Ten Little Indians", a rocky island with a castle
(Swallow's Nest, Diva rock in Simeiz).
The movie "Odyssey of Captain Blood", scenery and marine
shooting in Artek and Gurzuf.
The film "Hornblow" (production UK),
scenery and marine shooting in Artek.
- Germany.
The film "In the Empire of Eagles", marine filming in Artek,
decoration on Ai-Petri.
- Poland.
The film "The Academy of Pan Blots", filming on the South Coast.
- Denmark.
The film "Hamlet", filming on the Swallow's Nest.
- Norway.
The film "And the trees grow on the stones", the scenery and shooting in Gurzuf.
- Greece.
Ships Storming Bastions, Corfu
(Genoese fortress in Sudak).
The film "Sappho", the island of Lesvos (scenery and shooting in
Balaclava and Chersonese).
- Yugoslavia.
The film "Reporter", filming in Sevastopol.
ASIA:
- Arab east.
The film "Aladdin's Magic Lamp", set
"Ancient Baghdad" and filming in Omega Bay (Sevastopol).
The film “And Another Night of Scheherazade”, filming
in Yalta, in the cave of Three-eyed on Ai-Petri, in Nikitskaya
cleft, in the Beketovsky career, over Foros.
- Volcanic island.
The film "Wind" Hope ", filming a volcanic eruption on Cape Sarych.
- Pacific island.
The film "Pirates of the twentieth century", filming in the bays of the New World, on Tarhankut, the scenery "Native Village" in the Quiet Bay (Koktebel).
- India.
The film "The Black Prince", the scenery of the eastern city in
Yalta.
- Near East.
The film "Aircraft flies to Russia", the scenery of "Military Base" in the Blue Bay.
- Japan.
The film "Dreams of Russia", scenery and shooting in Artek and Utes (Alushta).
- Indian Ocean Pirate Island. The film "Pirate Empire", the scenery under Mount Demerdzhi, in Artek and
Yalta (Republic of Libertalia).
- Turkey.
The film "Roksolana", filming in the Khan Palace of Bakhchisarai, in Chufut-Kale and on the southern coast of Crimea.
- Afghanistan.
The film "9 companies", the scenery "Afghan village" in the area of \u200b\u200bthe village. Ordzhonikidze (Theodosius).
- Israel.
The film "The Master and Margarita", biblical Jerusalem.
- China (Hong Kong).
The film "Passenger", the scenery "Port Street" in Balaklava, a hotel near Yalta (the estate of Count Ustinov).
AMERICA:
- USA.
The film "Mexican" (according to Jack London).
The film "Headless Horseman", the scenery and shooting under
rock Ak-Kaya (Belogorsk).
The film "Business People" (by O. Henry), one of the short stories
starred in the Crimean Mountains.
The film "The Man from the Capuchin Boulevard", the scenery and
The film "Chingachgook the Great Serpent" (production of the GDR),
shooting under the Demirdzhi mountain and in other places of the Mountain Crimea.
The film “The Star and Death of Haokino Murieta”, the scenery and
shooting under the rock of Ak-Kaya (Belogorsk).
- Flint Pirate Island.
The film "Treasure Island", the scenery in Sosnyak, shooting in the Nikitsky cleft, on Red Stone, in Malorechensky, under the rock of Shaan-Kai, in
Parten in the bay of Laspi.
- Chile.
The film "This Sweet Word - Freedom", scenery and shooting
in Yalta (Ignatenko St.) and in Koktebel.
- Cordilleras.
Captain Grant's Children, Scene
"Avalanche in the mountains" (in winter on Ai-Petri).
- The Caribbean. The Captain Blood Odyssey, set and
sea \u200b\u200bfilming in Artek and Gurzuf.
- Haiti. The film "Age of Enlightenment", the scenery "City Embankment
Port-au-Prince ”in Utes (Alushta), marine surveys in Artek.
- Caribbean islands. The film "Hearts of Three", scenery and shooting in
A cliff, under Mount Demerdzhi, in Artek, on Castell Lake, on
Ai-Petri.
AFRICA:
- South Africa, port of Cape Town. The film "Maxim" filming in
Yalta port with the participation of the sailing ship "Comrade".
- Equatorial africa. The film "The Abduction of" Savoy ", filming
at the Angarsk test site (p. Perevalnoye).
- North Africa. The film "Fire Drums", the scenery and
sea \u200b\u200bfilming in Artek, the Blue Bay, at the Swallow's Nest.
USSR (Russia)
Arctic Tundra:
- The film "Wolverine's Trail" (the action takes place on
Taimyr) - filming was carried out in winter on the Ay-Petrinskaya Yail.
- The film "Korolev" (the action takes place in the Kolyma) -
filming was carried out in winter on the Ay-Petrinskaya Yail.
Siberian taiga:
- The film "What was the Taiga silent about?", Were held in the forests above Yalta
filming scenes that took place in the Altai Mountains.
- The film "King of the Manege", filming was carried out in the area
Wuchang-Su Falls featuring a live bear.
- The film “The Missing Expedition”, was shot under Ai-Petri Mountain
scenes in which the events took place in the Sayan mountains.
- The film "Sixth", the action takes place in a small Siberian
town, filming was carried out under Mount Ai-Petri and in other
places of the Crimean Mountains.
Far East:
- The film "Let's Talk Brother", filming the transition
Far Eastern partisans across a rocky ridge
were produced on the rock of Ai-Nikola (Upper Oreanda).
- The film "Right to Shot", the action took place off the coast
Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, filming was carried out in Kamyshovaya Bay
(Sevastopol) and at Cape Aya.
- The film "Admiral", filming scenes of sea battles of the time of the Russian-
Japanese war (filming was carried out in the region of Sevastopol).
- The film "Korolev", shooting scenes of the departure of S. Korolev from Magadan
occurred in Sevastopol.
Middle Asia:
- The film “Taste of Halva” (about the childhood of Khoja Nasreddin), filming
were made in Feodosia.
- The above-mentioned film "Aladin's Magic Lamp."
- The film "Officers", a railway station in Turkestan, filming
in Inkerman (Sevastopol).
- The aforementioned film "And another night of Scheherazade."
Caucasus:
- The film "Vertical", a number of Caucasian scenes was shot in
Crimea (in the rocky Nikitsky cleft).
- The film "Taman", filming at Cape Tarkhankut.
- The film "Prisoner of the Caucasus", filmed in
Alushta, under Mount Demerdzhi and in other places of the Mountain
Crimea.
- The film "Sportloto-82", filming in Feodosia and in the Mountain
Crimea, on Ai-Petri filmed the run of the main characters in
burning suspension bridge.
- The film "Thieves in Law", the action takes place in the Caucasus,
filming was carried out in Mountain Crimea, on the embankment
Yalta and the city streets.
- The film "Valtasar's Feasts", filming a capture of a passenger ship
militants led by young Dzhugashvili and scenes on
Stalin’s Caucasian cottage (dignity “Ukraine” in Miskhor) was produced in
Crimea.
- The film "Marco Polo", on the Swallow's Nest and in the Mountain Crimea
scenes were shot, the action of which took place in
medieval Armenia.
- The film "I-doll", filming scenes of attacks by Chechen fighters on
a village in the Stavropol Territory (the village of Tylovoye in the Baydar Valley).
Filming underground:
- The film “Ordered to Survive,” filmed in
Three-Eye Cave on Ai-Petri.
- The film “And Another Night of Scheherazade”, filming was carried out in
Three-Eye Cave on Ai-Petri.
- The film "Yalta" over Yalta, shooting in the newly discovered
cave on the Ai-Petri plateau.
Filming under water:
- The film "Amphibian Man", filming in Laspi Bay.
- The film "Scuba Diving", filming in the New World.
- The film "The Little Mermaid", the shooting was carried out at Cape Sarych.
- The film "Pirates of the twentieth century", filming in the pool and at Cape Tarkhankut.
- The film "Aquanauts", unprecedented in volume and complexity
underwater shooting (scenery and various technical
funds) were produced on the shelf of Cape Tarkhankut.
- The film "Through thorns to the stars", the first space
weightlessness was filmed under water (in the pool).
Filming movie tales:
- Films of Alexander Rowe: “Mary the Artisan”, “Kingdom
curved mirrors ”,“ Frost ”,“ Fire, water and copper pipes ”,
"Barbara Beauty, a long braid."
- Films of Alexander Ptushko: "Sadko", "Ilya Muromets",
“The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, “Ruslan and Lyudmila”, “Scarlet Sails”.
- Films of Boris Rytsarev: “Aladdin's Magic Lamp”, “On
sat on the golden porch. "
- The film of Pavel Arsenov "The King-Deer."
- Films by Mikhail Yuzovsky: “Merry Magic”, “There, on
unknown paths ”,“ After a rain on Thursday ”,“ One, two -
sorrow is not trouble. ”
- Films of Gennady Vasiliev: “Finist - Clear Falcon”, “Bye
the clock strikes "," The New Adventures of Captain Vrungel "," Black
prince".
- Films of Leonid Nechaev: “The Adventures of Pinocchio”, “About
Little Red Riding Hood ”,“ Peter Pan ”.
- Films of Vladimir Bychkov: “City of Masters”, “The Little Mermaid”.
- The film of Irina Povolotskaya “The Scarlet Flower”.
- The film of Vladimir Grammatikov "Myo, my Myo."
- The film of Alexander Mitta "The Tale of Wanderings."
- Tahir Sabirov's film "And Another Night of Scheherazade."
- Films-tales of Boris Nebieridze ("Red Shoes", etc.).
- Polish movie story "Academy of Pan Blots".
Filming science fiction movies:
- "Hyperboloid engineer Garin."
- "Amphibian Man".
- "Andromeda's nebula".
“Treasures of Burning Rocks.”
- “Moscow - Cassiopeia” and “Adolescents in the Universe”.
- "Sannikov Land."
“The Aquanauts.”
- "Through hardship to the stars".
“The Comet.”
- “It's hard to be God.”
“The Purple Ball.”
Filming in ancient policies, fortifications, fortresses and architectural and historical ensembles (the number of films is not countable):
Cave cities of Chufut-Kale, Eski-Kermen, Kachi-Kalon and others.
Genoese fortress in Sudak.
The palace of the Crimean khans in Bakhchisarai.
Massandra Palace.
Yusupov Palace.
Note:
The idea of \u200b\u200bthis review probably belongs to the Crimean journalist Mike Lvovsky.
Just in case - an exact copy of the “eyeliner” from the letter of Valery Pavlotos:
"I was asked by the special correspondent of the newspaper Segodnya Mike Lvovsky to compile a list of films (filmed in Crimea), which take place in different countries and on different continents."
The eastern coast of Crimea is a huge tourist region, covering the coast of the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov from the steppe coast of the Dzhankoy region to the Kerch Strait, a wide strip of the Black Sea coast - from Cape Opuk on the Kerch Peninsula to the village of Morskoye on the southern outskirts of Sudak. The coastline is 160 km long. The eastern coast of Crimea unites large resort cities - Kerch, Feodosia and Sudak, small resort villages, interconnected by transport infrastructure.
Climate
The territory of the region covers several climatic zones. A moderately warm climate of the steppe zone prevails in the Kerch Peninsula region - the air is drier, there is very little rainfall, sultry and sunny summers, and winters are relatively cold for Crimea. To the south, towards Koktebel and Sudak, the climate is increasingly acquiring the features of a Mediterranean. The air is more humid, summer breezes are softened by sea breezes, and winter is warm.
Seasonality
The beach season on the Eastern coast of Crimea, from May to September - on the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov, from May to October - on the Black Sea. At this time, sea water warms up to levels of 18-26 ° C, and the average air temperature is 24 ° C. Summer is a time of outdoor activities, most of the excursions occur precisely at this time of year. The “velvet season” in Crimea has its fans - the beginning of autumn, when the sea is still warm in summer, and daytime temperatures are more comfortable. Everything for year-round recreation is at the large resorts of the Eastern Crimea - Kerch, Feodosia and Sudak. In the off-season there are a number of hotels, guest houses with treatment and sanatoriums. Music and dance festivals, holidays, a large number of attractions and excursion programs make the East Coast of Crimea an increasingly popular destination for recreation in the fall, winter, and even early spring. Small beach-oriented resorts operate only in high season.
Landscape
The eastern coast of Crimea is a rivalry between mountains and the steppe. The north of the region is represented by a plain covered with fescue and feather grass, cut by beams and ravines. In the area of \u200b\u200bKerch runs a chain of hills. The shores here form picturesque sandy cliffs in places, and in some places they go under water. From Koktebel to the south along the coast, the nature of the relief changes dramatically - the ridge of the Crimean Mountains begins. Mountain peaks rise above resort towns and cities, rocky capes cut into the sea, the coast becomes rocky, rugged by numerous bays. The Mediterranean flora dominates here, just climb up the mountains a little to see the relic juniper groves, the Crimean pine on the rocky ledges of the mountains, vineyards.