We are used to calling ourselves earthlings, and this is natural - because a person lives on a solid earth's surface. And how else? After all, every day we see the land under our feet, every day we walk along it and, thus, we closely associate ourselves with the processes taking place on it or in the immediate vicinity of it, including counting and installing refrigeration units for conditions of “absence” pitching. "
However, the shores of the Russian Federation are washed by 13 seas, and the "refrigerated" life continues on these water bodies no less important than on land. This life is associated with refrigeration units designed to cool cargo holds, as well as the cargo chambers of portable refrigerated containers transported on a ship, which must meet all the requirements of the Rules of the RUSSIAN RIVER REGISTER.
9 REFRIGERATION UNITS
9.1 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
9.1.1 The requirements of this section of the Rules apply to ship refrigeration units and their equipment.
9.1.2 Refrigeration units intended for cooling cargo holds, as well as the cargo chambers of portable refrigerated containers transported on a ship, must meet all the requirements of this section of the Rules.
9.1.3 Refrigeration units not listed in 9.1.2 must satisfy the requirements:
9.2.2, 9.3.2, 9.7.1, 9.7.3-9.7.7, 9.8.1-9.8.5, 9.9.4, 9.9.8, 9.9.10, 9.10.3, 9.11, 9.12.2, 9.12.5, 9.13.1, 9.13.2, 9.13.4,
9.14.1, 9.15.2, 9.16.3, 9.16.5, 9.16.6, 9.17.2, 9.18.3, 9.18.4.3, 9.18.8, 9.20.3, 9.20.4, 9.21.2 - only for equipment operating under refrigerant pressure, and 9.21.3, 9.21.6, 9.22.1 of this section of the Rules.
9.2 GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
9.2.1 Elements of the refrigeration unit must remain operational under pitching and trim conditions in accordance with 1.3.
9.2.2 Equipment that is part of the refrigeration unit should be installed on the ship in accordance with 1.10.2, 1.10.3, 1.10.5, 7.4.2.
9.3 REFRIGERATING AGENTS AND CALCULATING PRESSURES
9.3.1 In these Rules, refrigerants are divided into the following three groups:
I - non-flammable refrigerants;
II - toxic and flammable refrigerants having a lower flammability limit when the volume concentration of refrigerant vapors in the air is 3.5% or more;
III - explosive or flammable refrigerants having a lower flammability limit when the volume concentration of refrigerant vapors in air is less than 3.5%.
The refrigeration agents of group III of the River Register may be used only for the refrigeration systems of ships carrying liquefied gases in bulk, using cargo as a refrigerant.
9.3.2
When calculating the strength of elements operating under the pressure of a refrigerant, it is necessary to take the calculated pressure not lower than the overpressure of saturated vapor of the refrigerant at 50 ° C as indicated in the table. 9.3.2. For refrigeration equipment operating under pressure of refrigerants with low (below 50 ° C) critical temperatures, the design pressure is the subject of special consideration by the River Register. Elements of refrigeration units operating under pressure shall be subjected to a verification calculation for strength at a pressure equal to the trial one during hydraulic tests (see 9.21.2). In this case, the stresses should not exceed 0.9 yield strength of the material.
Table 9.3.2
| Refrigerant group | Symbol | Chemical formula | Design pressure |
| R134 * | C 2 H 2 F 4 | 1,2 | |
| R22 | CHF 2 Cl | 2,0 | |
| R125 ** | C 2 HF 6 | 2,0 | |
| R717 | NH 3 (ammonia) | 2,0 | |
| R290 | C 3 H 8 (propane) | 1,6 | |
| R1270 | C 3 H 6 (propylene) | 2,0 |
* Instead of R12, which is not allowed for new installations.
** At moderate condensation temperatures instead of R22, which is not allowed for new installations from 01.01.2020.
9.4 COLD PRODUCTIVITY AND EQUIPMENT COMPOSITION
9.4.1 The refrigeration unit must ensure that the temperature required for the type of cargo transported and the navigation area under normal operating conditions of the vessel is constantly maintained in the refrigerated rooms.
9.4.2 The refrigeration unit must ensure that the required temperatures are maintained during operation of the main equipment for all cold consumers at an outdoor temperature of at least 40 ° C and sea water temperature of at least 30 ° C.
9.4.3 Drive power, cooling capacity, surface area of \u200b\u200bevaporators, air cooler condensers, as well as the surface area of \u200b\u200bcooling batteries with a coolant circulating in them should be sufficient to maintain regulated temperatures in the refrigerated rooms during continuous operation of the main equipment for 24 hours a day and provide cold to other consumers.
The composition of the main equipment should include at least two identical condensers and, in the case of the use of intermediate refrigerant systems or cascade and step cycles, two identical evaporators, interstage heat exchangers and intermediate vessels.
9.4.4 Drive power, cooling capacity and surface areas listed in 9.4.3 of a refrigeration unit, also intended for cooling cargo previously uncooled on a ship, must be sufficient to cool the cargo to a regulated temperature for the time during which it is maintained during continuous operation all equipment, including backup.
9.4.5 The backup equipment of the compressor refrigeration unit should consist of a compressor with a drive motor, a condenser, a control system and valves necessary to ensure the independent operation of all equipment devices.
The cooling capacity of the backup equipment should be such that in case of failure of any one main compressor or condenser, all consumers are provided with cold.
9.4.6 On ships with a capacity of refrigerated holds of not more than 300 m3, it is allowed to use a refrigeration unit without backing up its equipment. The cooling capacity and cooling surface area of \u200b\u200bthe installation should be sufficient to maintain regulated temperatures during operation of the equipment for 18 hours per day.
9.4.7 The connections of the piping system between the elements of the refrigeration unit must be such that the unit can work with any combination of equipment. Heat exchangers and other devices must be equipped with devices for connecting the suction and discharge pipelines, which ensure pumping of the refrigerant and its removal from the device.
9.4.8 Cooling batteries should be located so that uniform cooling of the room was provided.
Batteries must consist of at least two separate sections, each of which must be disconnected. The use of cooling batteries with direct evaporation of the refrigerant of group II is not allowed.
9.4.9 When using a refrigerant circulation pump system, it is necessary to provide for the installation of at least two refrigerant circulation pumps, one of which is a backup.
If the pump system can operate with the pump turned off, a standby pump is not necessary. In this case, the refrigerating capacity of the installation should satisfy the requirements of 9.4.1, and the refrigerating capacity of freezers or agents should not be reduced by more than 20%.
9.4.10 The liquid refrigerant system of a group of consumers of cold must have at least two liquid refrigerant pumps, one of which must be standby.
With two or more groups of cold consumers with independent liquid coolant systems (with different temperatures), each group should have at least one liquid coolant pump; a backup can be a common pump for them of the corresponding supply and pressure.
9.4.11 The refrigeration unit must have at least two cooling water circulation pumps, one of which must be standby. Any marine overboard water pump with sufficient supply and pressure can be used as a backup.
9.4.12 Cooling water must be supplied from at least two kingstones. When using kingstones for general ship purposes, an adequate supply of water from each kingston should be ensured under normal operating conditions of the vessel.
9.5 MATERIALS
9.5.1 The quality and basic characteristics of the materials used for the manufacture of parts, assemblies and fasteners of refrigeration equipment operating under dynamic loads, excessive pressures, the effects of variable and low temperatures, must meet the relevant requirements of Part V of the PSVP.
Materials should be selected depending on the operating temperature and physico-chemical properties of the refrigerant:
.1 materials of parts of equipment in contact with refrigerants and their solutions, lubricating oils, cooling and cooled fluids must be neutral with respect to them and resistant to the aggressive effects of the listed fluids;
.2 materials of parts of equipment operating at low temperatures should not have irreversible structural changes and should maintain sufficient strength at low operating temperatures;
.3 steel structures operating at temperatures up to -50 ° C must meet the requirements of 3.3.7 hours. V PSVP;
.4 materials of equipment parts operating at temperatures below -50 ° C are the subject of special consideration by the River Register.
9.5.2 Materials of parts of equipment that come into contact with corrosive media should be made of materials with sufficient corrosion resistance to these media, or should have anti-corrosion coatings.
Knots and constructions of mechanisms and apparatuses, which are made of materials having different electrolytic potential, and which can come into contact with sea water, must be protected from electrochemical corrosion.
9.5.3 The steel pipelines of the refrigerant, liquid coolant and the connecting parts of these pipelines, made of non-stainless steel, must be galvanized on the outside or have equivalent corrosion protection on the outside. Surfaces in contact with a refrigerant or liquid coolant must not be galvanized.
9.6 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
9.6.1 The electrical equipment of refrigeration units, automatic devices, as well as the lighting of refrigeration units, rooms for storing refrigerant stocks and refrigerated rooms, must meet the applicable requirements of Part IV of the PSVP.
9.7 REFRIGERATING DEPARTMENT
9.7.1 The chiller compartment must satisfy the requirements of 1.8.1, 1.8.7 and this chapter.
Refrigerators using refrigerants of groups II and III should be installed in separate tight rooms.
Drainage of the refrigeration compartment must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of 10.7.34.
9.7.2 Pumps, compressors, apparatuses and pipelines should be placed in the compartment of refrigerating machines so that their convenient maintenance is provided, as well as the possibility of replacing parts without removing the pumps, compressors, apparatuses from the foundation. At the same time, the listed and other equipment must be installed at a distance of at least 100 mm from the bulkheads of the premises and surfaces of neighboring devices.
9.7.3 The refrigerator compartment must have two exits with doors opening outward and located as far as possible from one another. If the chiller compartment is located above or below the open deck, then the exits from it should be equipped with steel ladders leading to the doors of the premises, from which there are exits to the open deck.
Branches of automated refrigerating machines, in which a permanent shift is not provided, in the case of using a refrigerant of group I, may not have a second exit.
9.7.4 The exits from the compartment of refrigerating machines using refrigerants of groups II and III should not lead to residential and office premises or to premises communicating with it. One of the exits should lead to the open deck.
Exits with corridors or shafts should be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation, and the supply ventilation should be artificial. The device for activating this ventilation should be located outside and inside the compartment of the refrigeration machines in the immediate vicinity of the exit door.
9.7.5 The exits from the compartment of refrigerating machines using refrigerants of groups II and III must have a device for creating water curtains. The device for switching on the water curtains must be located outside in the immediate vicinity of the exit door.
It is necessary to have a fire hydrant with a hose from the water extinguishing system in the chiller compartment.
9.7.6 The refrigerator compartment must have autonomous ventilation, providing 10-fold air exchange per hour.
9.7.7 In addition to basic ventilation that meets the requirements of 9.7.6, each compartment of the chillers must be equipped with emergency ventilation, providing:
30-fold air exchange per hour for refrigeration compartments using refrigerants of groups II and III;
20-fold air exchange per hour for refrigeration compartments using group I refrigerants.
Depending on the density of the refrigerant, the ventilation system should ensure that air is removed from the top or bottom of the room.
When calculating the emergency ventilation system, it is allowed to take into account the supply of fans of the main ventilation, provided that in the event of a blackout of the switchboard of the chillers, the main ventilation can operate together with the emergency.
9.8 ROOM STORAGE ROOMS
9.8.1 The premises for storing refrigerant stocks should be separated from other premises, and their location on the ship, as well as the design of the enclosing surfaces, must meet the requirements of Sec. 9 hours I PSVP.
Refrigerant storage rooms must be gas tight.
When storing small reserves of the refrigerant of group I, a deviation from the stated requirements is allowed in agreement with the River Register.
9.8.2 The refrigerant vessels must be fixed so that they cannot move when rolling.
Non-metallic gaskets should be laid between the lining of the pantry and the vessels, as well as between the individual vessels.
9.8.3 Storage rooms for refrigerant stocks should be equipped with independent ventilation and insulated so that the temperature in them could not exceed 45 ° C.
9.8.4 In the room where the supply of refrigerant is stored, it is not allowed to store vessels with other compressed gases. Flammable materials should not be used for equipment.
9.8.5 It is allowed to store stocks of refrigerant in stationary vessels (receivers), provided that the vessels and rooms in which they are located meet the requirements of 9.7.5, 9.7.7, 9.13.1, 9.13.2, 9.13.4, 9.16.5, 9.16.6.
It should be possible to remove the refrigerant of group II from the supply line of each vessel after the completion of the filling of the system or after its periodic re-charging.
Consumption pipelines from vessels intended for storage of the refrigerant should not be routed through residential and office premises.
9.9 COOLED CARGO ROOMS
9.9.1 Refrigeration equipment, batteries, appliances, as well as pipelines and ducts located in refrigerated rooms must be securely fixed and protected from damage by cargo.
9.9.2 Air coolers for air cooling systems can be installed both in separate rooms and in cargo refrigerated rooms. When located in refrigerated cargo spaces, air coolers must be equipped with a condensate collector. For refrigerated rooms with sub-zero temperatures, condensate collectors are recommended to be heated.
It is not allowed to use air coolers with direct evaporation of a group II refrigerant.
9.9.3 Access to air coolers of air cooling systems should be provided with a fully loaded cargo area. If this requirement cannot be met, access to air coolers from uncooled adjacent rooms should be provided. The opening for the passage of air coolers into the room must have dimensions that allow the fan wheel and electric motor to pass through it.
9.9.4 When air cooling ducts pass through impermeable bulkheads, the latter must be equipped with clinkets designed for the same pressure as the bulkhead. Clinket control should be brought to accessible places above the freeboard deck.
9.9.5 For the transportation of goods, the preservation of which requires a change of air in the refrigerated cargo spaces, a ventilation system must be provided that ensures the supply of clean outdoor air (chilled or heated) to the premises.
9.9.6 Each inlet and outlet located in bulkheads or fences of refrigerated cargo spaces must have an airtight device for closing.
9.9.7 Air ducts passing through refrigerated rooms to other rooms must be airtight and carefully insulated.
9.9.8 If air-cooling of cargo holds with direct evaporation of group II refrigerant in air coolers is used for refrigeration units, an independent ventilation system must be provided for each or several of these holds.
9.9.9 Cooled rooms should be equipped with telemetry devices. In the absence of their cooled premises should be equipped with two (or more) thermometric pipes with a diameter of at least 50 mm.
Plots of thermometric pipes passing through uncooled rooms must be carefully insulated.
9.9.10 Drainage of the refrigerated rooms must be carried out in accordance with 10.7.40-10.7.43.
9.10 FREEZERS AND COOLERS
9.10.1 Placement of air coolers and fans in freezers must meet the requirements of 9.9.1 and 9.9.3.
9.10.2 Devices for monitoring the operation of freezers and cooling units operating in a direct evaporation system should be installed in the refrigerator compartment.
9.10.3 If a direct evaporation system of a refrigerating agent of group II is used in the freezer, emergency exhaust ventilation must be provided, and the chamber must be airtight.
9.10.4 The fittings of pipelines leading into the chamber should be located outside the chamber.
9.11 ROOMS WITH TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT
9.11.1 The placement on the vessel of compressors, pumps, apparatuses and vessels operating under refrigerant pressure outside the refrigeration compartments is in each case a subject of special consideration by the River Register.
9.11.2 In rooms with technological equipment operating on the direct evaporation system of a refrigerant of group II, it is necessary to have a fire hydrant with a hose from a water fire extinguishing system.
9.11.3 Premises with technological equipment should have independent ventilation. In addition to the main ventilation, emergency ventilation should be provided in rooms with technological equipment operating by the direct evaporation system.
The multiplicity of the air exchange of the main and emergency ventilation systems must satisfy the requirements of 9.7.6 and 9.7.7.
9.11.4 In rooms with technological equipment operating according to the direct evaporation system of refrigerant of groups II and III, two exits must be provided in accordance with 9.7.3 and 9.7.4. When using a refrigerant of group 11, the outputs should have devices for creating water curtains. The device for switching on water curtains should be located outside the premises in the immediate vicinity of the exit door.
9.12 COMPRESSORS, PUMPS, FANS
9.12.1 Compressors shall comply with the requirements of 7.6.8, 7.7 and this section.
9.12.2 The strength of the parts of compressors operating under dynamic loads and overpressures should be calculated based on the design pressures in accordance with 9.3.2.
9.12.3 Compressors on the suction and discharge sides of the refrigerant must have shut-off valves, regardless of the presence of automatically controlled valves.
9.12.4 The cavities for the refrigerant, oil and cooling water must have drainage devices where necessary.
9.12.5 On the discharge side of the intermediate and final stages of compressor compression, a safety valve or other self-acting safety device must be installed between the discharge cavity and the shut-off valve, bypassing the refrigerant to the compressor suction side when the pressure rises excessively. The capacity of the safety devices must be not less than the maximum volumetric (mass) supply of the protected compressor stage.
The increase in pressure after opening the safety valve must not exceed its opening pressure by more than 10%.
There should not be any blocking devices on the overflow line.
The possibility of a device for the release of refrigerant into the atmosphere is, in each case, the subject of special consideration by the River Register.
9.12.6 Pumps must meet the requirements of 7.9.
9.12.7 Fans must comply with the applicable requirements of 7.10.
9.13 HEAT EXCHANGE UNITS AND VESSELS UNDER PRESSURE
9.13.1 Heat exchangers and pressure vessels with respect to materials and fittings must satisfy the applicable requirements of 8.17 (except 8.17.8, 8.17.10), 8.18 (except 8.18.1-8. 18.4, 8.18.7, 8.18.8) and this section Of the rules. Their strength calculation should be carried out according to the methodology agreed with the River Register.
9.13.2 Shell-and-tube apparatus and vessels with a volume of the cavity of the refrigerant of 50 dm 3 and more should be equipped with safety devices with an estimated throughput that eliminates the possibility of a pressure exceeding the opening pressure by more than 10% when the safety valve is fully opened.
Throughput G must be at least defined by the formula, kg / s
where q - heat flux density during a fire, kW / m 2 (in all cases, taken equal to 10 kW / m 2);
S - the area of \u200b\u200bthe outer surface of the vessel (apparatus), m 2;
r - the specific heat of vaporization of the refrigerant at the opening pressure of the safety valve, kJ / kg
Safety devices shall consist of two safety valves and a switching device of such a design that in any case both safety valves or one of them are connected to the apparatus or vessel. Each valve must be designed for full flow capacity.
The River Register may require the provision of safety devices of other types of devices, if this is deemed appropriate.
The installation of shut-off valves between devices or vessels and the safety device is not allowed.
The use of safety devices with one safety valve or other structural types is the subject of special consideration by the River Register.
9.13.3 Apparatuses and pressure vessels must have devices for the release of air, the discharge of water, oil and liquid coolant.
9.13.4 Apparatuses and vessels containing a liquid refrigerant of groups II and III must have devices for emergency draining of the refrigerant.
The estimated time of discharge of the refrigerant should be no more than 2 minutes. at a constant excess pressure of the refrigerant in the vessel or apparatus, numerically equal to the calculated one, adopted in accordance with 9.3.2.
9.14 AIR COOLERS
9.14.1 Evaporators of air coolers with direct evaporation of the refrigerant must be welded or soldered. Flange connections between sections and pipelines should only be used if necessary, with all flanged joints being located in easily accessible places so that the tightness of the joints can be checked.
9.14.2 If only one air cooler is used for cooling cargo spaces, its evaporator must consist of at least two separate sections, each of which must be switched off.
9.15 FITTINGS AND SAFETY VALVES
9.15.1 In refrigeration systems, shut-off, control and safety valves must be used, designed for a pressure of at least 1.25 pwhere p - design pressure adopted in accordance with 9.3.2.
As a rule, steel fittings should be installed. The use of fittings from other materials is the subject of special consideration by the River Register.
The built-in shut-off valves made of cast iron with lamellar graphite for the inlet and outlet cavities of refrigeration compressors, as well as valves made of cast iron with spherical graphite, can be used for refrigerants of groups I and II at ambient temperatures not lower than -40 ° С.
9.15.2 Spring-loaded devices of safety valves shall ensure their opening at a pressure not exceeding more than 10% of the design pressure adopted in accordance with 9.3.2.
9.16 PIPELINES
9.16.1 The piping of the refrigerant, liquid refrigerant and cooling water systems must meet the applicable requirements of Sec. 10 and this chapter.
In this case, pipelines of refrigerants of groups II and III, as well as sections of pipelines in which the liquid refrigerant of group I circulates, belong to pipelines of class I in accordance with table. 10.1.2.
9.16.2 The refrigerant and liquid refrigerant pipelines must be made of seamless pipes.
Liquid refrigerant piping should be made of steel pipes.
9.16.3 On discharge pipelines of compressors and refrigerant pumps it is necessary to install non-return (non-return) valves. Such valves may not be installed for compressors that use group I refrigerants and do not have unloading devices.
9.16.4 On liquid pipelines of refrigerants, sparingly soluble in water, drainage devices must be provided to absorb moisture. They should be installed in conjunction with filters or structurally combined with them.
9.16.5 Pipelines for draining the refrigerant from the safety valves (with the exception of those specified in 9.12.5) must be carried overboard below the waterline of the vessel with minimal draft.
Pipelines should be provided with refrigerant leakage flow indicators and check valves installed directly on board the vessel. Refrigerants of group I may be released into the atmosphere in a place safe for people.
9.16.6 Emergency drain pipes of the refrigerant from the apparatus and vessels should be discharged into the emergency drain manifold located outside the refrigeration compartment, but close to the entrance to it.
On each drain pipe at the manifold, shut-off valves and refrigerant leak indicators should be installed after each valve. Valves must be protected from access by unauthorized persons and adapted for sealing in closed condition.
The common pipeline from the emergency overflow collector overboard must be equipped with a check valve and discharged below the ship's waterline with minimal draft. To blow through the common pipeline, compressed air or steam must be supplied.
The internal diameter of the emergency drain line of the refrigerant from individual devices and vessels must be not less than the diameter of the safety valve defined in 9.13.2. The cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe general emergency drain pipe overboard should be not less than the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the three largest emergency drain pipes from separate apparatuses and vessels connected to the common pipeline.
9.16.7 For sections of pipelines led below the ship’s waterline in accordance with 9.16.5 and 9.16.6, the minimum pipe wall thicknesses in all cases must be taken not less than the ones indicated in column 3 of the table. 10.2.13.
9.17 MONITORING INSTRUMENTS
9.17.1 On compressors, other units, pipelines of the refrigeration unit, devices should be installed to control the parameters of the working fluid and the parameters of the operating mode of the installation. In addition, it should be possible to install control and measuring instruments necessary for testing.
9.17.2 Control and measuring devices should be installed in easily accessible and clearly visible places. The scales should indicate the maximum and minimum permissible values \u200b\u200bof the monitored parameters.
9.18 AUTOMATION DEVICES
9.18.1 Automation systems, as well as their components and assemblies, must satisfy the applicable requirements of Sec. 12. 9.18.2 When using the automatic control of the refrigeration unit, the possibility of manual control should also be provided.
Manual control can be omitted if there are two automatic devices operating in parallel.
9.18.3 Refrigerant compressors must be equipped with automatic devices that turn off their drive in case of:
.1 unacceptable drop in suction pressure;
.2 unacceptable increase in discharge pressure;
.3 unacceptable lowering of the pressure of the lubricating oil;
.4 an unacceptable increase in the discharge temperature (for refrigeration units operating on refrigerants of groups II and III, as well as automated installations with loadless maintenance);
.5 unacceptable axial shift of the rotor of a centrifugal compressor;
.6 unacceptable temperature rise of the bearings of a centrifugal compressor.
9.18.4 Liquid separators, intermediate vessels and circulation receivers (with a pumping system for refrigerant circulation), as well as evaporators with a free liquid surface (evaporation surface) should be equipped with automatic devices that provide:
.1 maintaining a constant level of refrigerant, set for normal operation of the evaporator, or a constant temperature of superheating of vapors;
.2 the termination of the supply of liquid refrigerant to the evaporators and intermediate vessels of any type when the compressor is stopped;
.3 shutdown of the compressor with an unacceptable increase in the level of refrigerant.
9.18.5 Installations with shell-and-tube evaporators should be equipped with automatic devices providing:
.1 compressor stop when the liquid coolant stops moving through the evaporator or disconnects this evaporator from the refrigerant system;
.2 compressor shutdown at unacceptable lowering of the temperature of the liquid coolant.
9.18.6 Refrigeration units must be equipped with alarm devices that signal the control station of the refrigeration unit when the automatic protection devices specified in 9.18.3 - 9.18.5 are triggered.
At the local control post of the refrigeration unit, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of decoding these signals.
9.18.7 When using a fully automated refrigeration unit in the wheelhouse, a warning should be provided to indicate that the temperature in the refrigerated rooms deviates from the permissible required for this type of transported cargo.
9.18.8 Automated refrigeration units with shuntless servicing and refrigeration units operating on Group III refrigerants must have gas detectors which, when the refrigerant leaks, give a warning signal to the control station of the refrigeration unit.
Sampling sites are subject to special review by the River Register.
9.18.9 Automated refrigeration units must meet the requirements of Sec. 12.
9.19 INSULATION OF COOLED ROOMS
9.19.1 Inside cargo refrigerated spaces, all metal parts of the ship's hull must be carefully insulated.
9.19.2 Insulation of cargo refrigerated rooms must be made of bio-resistant materials, odorless.
9.19.3 The surfaces of the bulkheads and the double bottom flooring in the area where the fuel tanks and tanks are located should be coated with an oil-resistant, odorless material. The application of this coating must be done before the insulation of these surfaces.
9.19.4 The insulation of cargo refrigerated rooms must be protected from moisture or provided with reliable means of draining it during operation, and also protected from damage by rodents.
9.19.5 The insulation of cargo refrigerated spaces should be sheathed or other protective coating. Sheathing must be reliably protected in those places where it can be damaged by cargo.
9.19.6 Insulation of freezing tunnels must meet the requirements of 9.9.7, 9.19.2, 9.19.4, 9.19.5.
9.20 INSULATION OF PIPELINES
9.20.1 Pipelines at passage points through bulkheads and decks should not have direct contact with bulkheads and decks in order to avoid the formation of thermal bridges.
9.20.2 Pipe insulation must be protected against moisture.
9.20.3 Non-combustible insulating materials must be used for pipeline insulation in accordance with the requirements of Sec. 9 h. 1 PSVP. This requirement does not apply to insulation of pipelines located within refrigerated cargo spaces and storage rooms.
9.20.4 Anti-condensate materials and adhesives used in combination with insulation, and insulation of pipeline fittings may not meet the requirements of Sec. 9 hours I PSVP, provided that their number is minimal, and their exposed parts slowly spread the flame over the surface.
9.21 TESTS OF REFRIGERATING UNITS ON THE STANDS OF THE MANUFACTURING ORGANIZATION
9.21.1 Elements operating under refrigerant pressure shall be subjected to hydraulic tests for strength with a test pressure of at least 1.5 pwhere p - design pressure adopted in accordance with 9.3.2, with the exception of the crankcase of reciprocating compressors, for which the test pressure must be not less than the design pressure.
Elements operating under pressure of a liquid coolant or water should be subjected to hydraulic tests with a pressure equal to 1.5 working pressures, but not less than 0.4 MPa.
9.21.2 Elements operating under refrigerant pressure shall be subjected to pneumatic tests for density with a test pressure of at least design pressure adopted in accordance with 9.3.2, with the exception of crankcase reciprocating compressors for which the test pressure must be at least 0.8 of design pressure.
9.21.3 Equipment operating below atmospheric pressure should be tested for leaks by vacuum at a residual pressure of not more than 0.8 kPa.
9.21.4 Assembly fittings and automation devices having locking elements, in addition to the indicated tests, must be subjected to pneumatic tests for closure density with test pressure equal to the calculated one, in accordance with 9.3.2.
9.21.5 Compressors, pumps of refrigerant, liquid coolant and cooling water, heat exchangers and other devices, vessels operating under refrigerant pressure, pipes and fittings designed for pressure of 1.0 MPa or more, devices of automatic control, control and protection systems, as well as instruments measuring and recording temperature in refrigerated rooms after assembly must be tested in accordance with the requirements of 7.5.1.
9.22 TESTING THE REFRIGERATION UNIT ON A SHIP
9.22.1 After the installation of the refrigeration unit has been completed on board the vessel, pneumatic tests should be carried out for the density of the entire refrigerant system with a test pressure equal to p, where p is the design pressure adopted in accordance with 9.3.2.
9.22.2 Pneumatic tests on a ship can be carried out with dry air, carbon dioxide or nitrogen.
9.22.3 After a density test, the refrigerant system must be drained and tested for leaks by vacuum at a residual pressure of not more than I kPa.
9.22.4 After filling the system with refrigerant, check the tightness of the joints and fittings.
9.22.5 The pipelines of liquid refrigerant systems and cooling water should be tested for density under operating conditions.
9.22.6 To verify compliance with requirements of 9.4, thermal engineering tests of the refrigeration unit shall be carried out.
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1 Regulation on the classification of vessels of inland and mixed (river sea) navigation "Regulation on the classification of vessels of inland and mixed (river sea) navigation" is a normative legal act that defines the procedure for the classification activity of the Russian River Register. The document was developed on the basis of Part 1 “Classification” of the Rules for the Classification and Construction of Inland Navigation Vessels (PSVP), other Rules of the Russian River Register, ed. And the Charter of the Russian River Register, approved by order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia from, taking into account the provisions of the Inland Water Transport Code. 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS 1.1. These Regulations determine the procedure for classifying inland and mixed (river-sea) vessels (hereinafter referred to as classification activities) by the federal state institution “Russian River Register” (hereinafter referred to as the River Register). In its classification activities, the River Register is guided by these Regulations, the rules developed and published by it, containing requirements for ships during their design, construction, repair and operation, as well as for materials and products intended for installation ki on ships and other regulatory and technical acts (hereinafter the rules) The purpose of the classification activity of the River Register is to ensure the technical safety of navigation of ships specified in clause 1.5 of these Regulations, in accordance with their purpose, to protect the life and health of passengers and ship crews, and the safety of cargo ships, environmental safety of ships In order to achieve the goal specified in 1.3 of these Regulations, classification activities include the development and publication of rules, consideration and agreement technical documentation, technical supervision of the manufacture of materials and products, the construction of ships with assignment of a class to them, as well as confirmation, renewal and restoration of the class on the basis of the results of the surveys prescribed by the rules for the entire period of operation of each ship before its decommissioning with registration and issuance of relevant documents by the Classification Objects The activities of the Russian River Register are self-propelled inland navigation vessels with main engines of at least than 55 kW, non-self-propelled vessels with a capacity (Appendix 1 to this Regulation) of at least 80 tons, all passenger and liquid vessels, ferry crossings and floating bridges on inland waterways, mixed vessels (river sea) sailing (paragraph 1 of Article 35 of the Internal Code water transport of the Russian Federation) At the request of organizations, the River Register may carry out classification activities in relation to objects not listed in paragraph. 1.5 of these Regulations, the Works carried out by the River Register as part of the classification activities are carried out on a reimbursable basis. Organizations involved in the design, construction, conversion, modernization and repair of ships, the manufacture and repair of products and the manufacture of materials for installation on ships, performing work, the results of which are used by the River When conducting surveys, as well as testing laboratories, the Register receives from the River Register a certificate of recognition, certify We believe that this organization manufactures products, performs work and / or provides services in accordance with the requirements of the rules. Surveys of organizations for this purpose are carried out by the River Register once every two years.
2 2. PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATION OF THE REGULATIONS 2.1. Vessels, materials and products, the technical documentation of which is submitted for approval to the River Register after the entry into force of the rules or amendments to the rules, must meet the requirements of these rules and amendments. For ships in construction, materials and products for which technical documentation is agreed upon by the River Register before the rules enter into force, the version of the rules that was in force at the time of approval of this documentation, unless otherwise specified in the relevant parts or sections of the rules, applies to ships in operation requirements of the edition of the rules by which they were built, unless otherwise specified in subsequent editions of the rules and bulletins of amendments and supplements to the rules issued after the publication of the rules the introduction or re-equipment of the vessel in operation should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the newly issued rules to the extent that it is feasible and technically justified The River Register in some cases may allow the use of structures, materials and products, as well as make decisions that in one way or another least do not meet the requirements of the rules, provided that he will be presented with the necessary justifications (calculations, results of experimental studies, operating experience and other data), proving that the indicated structures, materials, products or decisions made are, from the point of view of safety, no less effective than those that are regulated by the rules. If the design of the vessel, its elements or applied materials cannot be recognized as sufficiently tested in operation, the River Register may propose special tests, reduce the time between periodic surveys, increase the volume of these surveys or impose restrictions on the operating conditions of the vessel. Restrictions are removed after obtaining satisfactory test results during operation. The River Register has the right, if the requirements specified in the rules are not met, to prohibit the operation of ships, ship mechanisms, devices and technical equipment, and also not to issue or cancel documents previously issued to them permitting the operation of ships. 3. CONSIDERATION AND AGREEMENT OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS 3.1. The River Register reviews and approves technical documentation for the construction, refurbishment, modernization and repair of ships, the manufacture and repair of products and the manufacture of materials for installation on ships (technical projects, working documentation, technical specifications, standards and other regulatory and technical documents), and also coordinates computer programs used for the design and operation of ships. Typical lists of technical documentation submitted for approval to the River Register are given in the rules. Technical documentation is developed and submitted for consideration before the construction (production) of the facility begins. Documents are submitted to the River Register in the form of originals, duplicates or copies. The documents must contain all the necessary data to verify compliance with the requirements of the rules. In the case of applying fundamentally new solutions, the River Register may be submitted for consideration a technical task, technical proposal, outline design, as well as experimental design and research studies. Such documents are not subject to approval. Based on the results of their consideration, a letter of conclusion (review) of the River Register is drawn up. Coordination of technical documentation by any structural unit of the River Register is valid for all other units of the River Register. This approval may (if there is reason) be canceled or changed only
3 by the unit that agreed the documentation, as well as by the higher (subordinate) structural unit, the Technical documentation agreed by one of the units of the River Register is accepted by other units for technical supervision without additional approval, if the production conditions in a particular organization do not require adjustment of this documentation Changes entered in previously agreed technical documentation should be agreed with that structural unit P ary Registry, which examined the technical documentation Changes to the working documents in the course of its development, agrees that inspection River Register (hereinafter the Inspectorate), which is a coherent documentation. All deviations from the agreed working documentation that occurred during the construction of the vessel, manufacture, repair of the product or manufacture of material for installation on ships are agreed upon by the inspection conducting supervision of the construction of the vessel, manufacture or repair of the product or manufacture of the material, respectively. However, this inspection reserves the right to transfer certain deviations of a fundamental nature for approval to the subdivision of the River Register that considered the draft River Register does not verify the correctness of the computational operations during the calculation, including the programs agreed with the River Register, but considers the final results of the calculations. Settlements should be carried out in accordance with the instructions of the rules or methods agreed with the River Register. In some cases, the River Register may conduct an additional examination of the reliability of the final results of the calculations. If there are decisions in the technical documentation that differ from those regulated by the rules (deviations), the design organization submits a list of such decisions stating their nature and technical justifications. In its conclusion on the project, the River Register informs on decisions made on the list presented. Derogations not included in the list are not considered agreed, and the River Register may require their elimination at any subsequent stage of design, construction or manufacture of objects. All documentation submitted to the River Register for consideration is confidential and may be transferred to a third party only with its written consent Owner The validity of the approval of the River Register for the technical documentation of the vessel is not more than 6 years. After this period or in the case when the interval between the dates of approval of the documentation and the start of construction exceeds 3 years, the documentation must be adjusted in order to take into account changes in the rules that occurred over the specified time. In justified cases, the River Register may extend the validity of technical documentation without its adjustment. The scope of adjustment should be agreed with the River Register. Coordination of technical documentation for repair, modernization and re-equipment of ships is carried out, as a rule, without a time limit. Coordination of standards and other regulatory documents, with the exception of technical specifications for materials and products, the River Register performs for the duration of their validity. Specifications are agreed upon for 6 years. At the end of the validity period, the documentation is subject to agreement with the River Register, during which its compliance with the requirements of the current rules is checked. 4. TECHNICAL OBSERVATION 4.1. Technical supervision is an integral part of the classification activity and includes phased checks of the implementation of the rules during the construction, conversion, modernization, repair of ships and their elements, manufacturing and repair of products (mechanisms, equipment, devices, supplies) and manufacturing
4 materials for installation on ships. Elements of the vessel include the structural parts of the vessel regulated by the rules: hull, superstructures, ship devices, equipment, supplies, fire protection equipment, engines, boilers, systems, heat exchangers, pressure vessels, deck mechanisms, electrical equipment, radio and navigation equipment, refrigeration units, automation equipment, hoisting devices, environmental safety equipment Technical supervision of the River Register is carried out at the request of organizations th contract basis Nomenclature objects technical observation volume and methods of inspection, measurement and test rules established in each case to be specified in the contract with the specific production conditions. A list of control inspections of facilities and technological operations is attached to the contract, which are mandatory for presenting the inspection after the organization’s personnel controls it and draws up the relevant documents. The organization provides the River Register representative (hereinafter referred to as the inspector) with the necessary conditions for technical monitoring, namely: 1) provides the technical work necessary documentation, including production quality control documents, as well as the necessary tools and protective clothing; 2) prepares objects for inspections in the required volume; 3) ensures the safety of the inspector of technical supervision; 4) ensure the presence of officials authorized to present objects to inspectors for inspections; 5) timely notifies the inspector of the time and place of inspections and tests of objects. If the organization does not comply with the conditions for conducting technical monitoring, the inspector has the right to refuse to carry out inspections and participate in tests, having justified his refusal in writing, the River Register may instruct the organization’s technical personnel to conduct control tests or parts of them in order to verify compliance of materials and products with the rules. In this case, the rights and obligations of the organization and the River Register are established by agreement of the parties. Materials and products (objects of technical supervision, see clause 4.3 of these Regulations) are allowed to be installed on ships only if there are documents of the River Register or documents of another classification organization issued on behalf of the River Register. In the absence of such an instruction, the possibility of recognizing certificates of another classification organization is the subject of special consideration by the River Register, 4. 7. By agreement with the Main Directorate of the River Register, instead of issuing documents of the River Register, it is allowed to confirm the documents of the manufacturer's organization for materials and mass-produced products, including spare parts, by signing them by the inspector and setting his personal stamp New and first presented to the River Register standard materials and products must be approved by the River Register for proper use with the execution of a certificate of approval of a type material or product in the manner prescribed okay. 5. EXAMINATION OF VESSELS IN OPERATION 5.1. Survey of ships in operation is an integral part of classification activity, consists in checking the ship's compliance with the rules and includes at least: checking for the availability of agreed technical documentation, certificates for materials and components, acts of the organization’s technical control service, acts of the shipowner, acts of previous surveys;
5 visual inspection, measurement, verification in action and testing; execution and issuance of documents of the River Register Each vessel specified in clause 1.5 of these Regulations is put on the classification account of the inspection: 1) after the construction of the vessel; 2) after changing the home office and the transition in this regard to the area of \u200b\u200bactivity of another inspection; 3) upon transition to the class of the River Register from the class of another classification organization; 4) if the vessel was previously deregistered or was not registered with any inspection; 5) when changing the shipowner, the removal of the vessel from the classification account of the inspection is carried out: 1) upon decommissioning; 2) upon relocation to a new registry office in the area of \u200b\u200bactivity of another inspection; 3) upon transition to the class of another classification organization; 4) in the case when the vessel has not been presented for survey for more than two years in the absence of a justified request from the shipowner; 5) when changing the shipowner. Removal of the vessel from the inspection record, with the exception of the case specified in clauses 4, clause 5.3, is carried out at the request of the shipowner, in which the reason for removing the ship from the register should be indicated. The shipowner submits the vessels registered in the classification of the River Register for examination within the time periods specified in the documents issued to the vessel by the River Register Ship survey, except for calls in case of emergency, it is carried out according to preliminary applications sent to the inspector or to the inspection no less than a day before the survey. The inspector may refuse to survey if the ship or its element is not prepared for the survey. In this case, the inspector must state in writing (in the act or notice) the reasons for the refusal. For all types of surveys, the inspector is authorized to make decisions in accordance with the rules. Decisions that differ from those regulated by the rules must be agreed with the head of the inspection. The ship must check the shipowner before navigating the suitability of the ship. All work related to the preparation for the survey and testing of the elements of the ship, performed before the ship is presented for survey, as well as the work necessary to determine the technical condition of the elements of the vessel (complete or partial disassembly of the structure, opening slates, suturing and insulation, determine ix parameters of wear and strain calculation, measurement, etc.) performed forces and / or by the shipowner. In justified cases, the shipowner may, and in the cases prescribed by the rules, is obliged to entrust the defect of an element of the vessel with an organization that has a certificate of recognition for the relevant type of activity issued by the River Register. In the event of a discrepancy between the results of sample control conducted by the inspector and the measurement data provided by the shipowner, the inspector has the right to demand that all necessary measurements be repeated repeatedly. During the survey, the shipowner ensures the presence of command personnel responsible for the condition of the elements being checked. The shipowner adjusts and seals the safety valves of boilers and pressure vessels. For all types of surveys, the shipowner and / or command staff of the ship informs the inspector of any defects found, cases of failure of the ship’s elements between the previous and ongoing surveys, as well as changes in the composition
6 equipment and supplies and repairs carried out during the same period, present the necessary documents, acts of previous surveys, technical documentation and acts of inspections and tests of the elements of the vessel prescribed by the rules The shipowner shall immediately notify the inspectorate, within the boundaries of whose activities the damage has occurred, and present the vessel for examination, regardless of whether the damage resulted in a traffic accident or not. The inspection may not conduct an inspection if the damage did not lead to a traffic accident, the decommissioning of the vessel and can be eliminated in the ship in a short time. A vessel subject to a one-time passage through pools significantly different from the navigation area provided for by the class of the vessel is prepared by the shipowner for such in accordance with the requirements of the rules under the technical supervision of the River Register with the issuance of a certificate for a one-time transition Non-passenger vessel could l recognized by the River Register as suitable for transportation of organized groups of people (delivery to the place of work and vice versa) at the request of the shipowner, subject to special retrofitting of such a vessel in accordance with the requirements of the rules, availability of information on the stability and unsinkability of the vessel A vessel can be recognized as suitable for transportation of goods by the River Register not provided for by ship documents, if the shipowner submits technical documentation confirming the possibility of safe transportation of this cargo and containing a description of additional design measures, methods of securing the cargo, additions to the instructions for loading and unloading, as well as information on the stability and unsinkability of the vessel. Any changes regarding the materials, products and design of the vessel to which the requirements of the rules apply are agreed with the River Register before implementation. 6. DOCUMENTS OF THE RIVER REGISTER 6.1. When carrying out classification activities, the River Register issues documents prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation and the rules. Documents of the River Register are issued on the basis of positive results of the site survey. The River Register may fully or partially recognize documents issued by other classification organizations. When processing documents issued by the River Register, only those established General Directorate of Forms, Stamps and Seals ae disagreement with the decision of the inspector of the owner or organization may appeal to the head of the inspection. The decision of the head of inspection may be appealed to the Main Directorate of the River Register with the submission of justifications and a copy of the decision of the head of inspection. The decision of the General Directorate may be appealed to the federal executive body in the field of transport or to the arbitration court. 7. PRINCIPLES OF CLASSIFICATION OF VESSELS 7.1. The class of the vessel is determined by the set of conditional symbols assigned to the vessel during its classification and characterizing the design features of the vessel and its operating conditions in accordance with the rules based on safety requirements. Classification of vessels is carried out in accordance with the classification of water basins. Inland water basins, including estuaries with sea regime of navigation, classified according to the categories "L", "P", "O" and "M" depending on their wind-wave mode based on the following conditions: 1) in the bass yahn of the categories "L", "P" and "O" of a wave of 1% security height
7 respectively 0.6, 1.2 and 2.0 m have a total repeatability (security) of not more than 4% of navigation time; 2) in the “M” discharge basins, waves of 3% security with a height of 3.0 m have a total repeatability (security) of not more than 4% of navigation time. Wellhead sections with a maritime regime of navigation begin from the border of inland waterways. In these sections, all types of vessels are allowed to operate in accordance with the rules and class of the vessel. The lists of inland water basins of Russia, depending on their category, as well as sea areas where operation of mixed (river sea) vessels is allowed, and the conditions for the operation of vessels are established by the rules. The main characters in the formula for the class of inland vessels are the letters “L”, “P ”,“ O ”and“ M ”, which determine the design features of the vessel and the discharge of the water basin in which its operation is permitted. The main symbols in the formula of the class of mixed-navigation vessels (river sea) are the letter combinations “O-PR”, “M-PR” and “M-SP”, which determine the design features of the vessel and the conditions of its operation in marine areas. The characteristics of the standard wave heights with respect to the main symbol of the vessel class are given in Appendix 2 to this Regulation. Depending on the design features of the vessel, the main class symbol in the class formula is supplemented with the following symbols: 1) for vessels built under the technical supervision of the River Register or another classification recognized by the River Register organization, a symbol that is placed before the main symbol, for example, "O"; 2) immediately after the main character of the class, the wave height allowed in operation, in meters, is entered, accurate to the first decimal place, for example, “O1.5”. For high-speed ships: gliders, hydrofoils (HSS), hovercraft (SVP), as well as ekranoplanes, wave height restrictions are written in the form of a fraction, the numerator of which indicates the wave height when the vessel moves in a displacement state, and in the denominator in operational mode. After the fraction, the type of vessel is indicated according to the movement principle, for example, “P1,2 / 0,8 glider”, “О2,0 / 1,2 СПК”, “О2,0 / 1,5 SVP”, “Р 1,2 / 0.4 ekranoplan "; 3) for ships with special ice reinforcements, after the height of the wave, the word “ice” and the thickness of shallow winter ice in centimeters, set by the River Register when coordinating the design of the vessel, for example, “O (ice 20)”, are entered in brackets. The word "icebreaker" is entered in the formula of the class of icebreakers; 4) for ships equipped with automation in accordance with the rules, after all the characters specified in subparagraphs 1 to 3 of this paragraph, the letter “A” is entered, for example, “О 2.0 (ice 20) A”; 5) if the vessel or its individual elements do not fully comply with the rules, are not verified by operational practice, but are approved by the River Register for operation with the purpose of studying and checking them, the symbol “E” is entered in front of the class formula, for example, “E O2.0 (ice 20) A. " In case of satisfactory results of tests, operation and surveys of a vessel with an experimental class, the symbol “E” may be excluded from the class formula. The Register may exclude or change one or another symbol in the class formula if the conditions change or violate the basis for introducing this river symbol into the class formula The register assigns a class to the vessel at the initial survey, confirms, renews or restores it for other types of surveys. The assignment, renewal or restoration of a class to a vessel is certified by a classification certificate issued to the vessel. The class of a vessel operating continuously in a basin of a given category must not be lower than the category of this basin. An inland watercraft with a suitable technical condition may be deemed suitable for occasional navigation (irregular operation) at
8 basin of a higher category, subject to the fulfillment of additional requirements for design, freeboard, equipment, supply, as well as restrictions on the navigation area, wind-wave regime, seasonality, ice conditions, etc. The River Register, at the request of the shipowner, reclassifies vessels in case of the need to change the main class symbol in the formula for the class or type and purpose of the vessel Work on preparing the vessel for reclassification with a class upgrade and / or in connection with a change in the type and purpose of the vessel must conducted in accordance with the technical documentation agreed with the River Register and under its technical supervision. Calculations and checks must be carried out in accordance with the rules in force at the time of development of the technical documentation for reclassification, and should be focused on new operating conditions in connection with changes in external loads, technical characteristics (draft, displacement, freeboard height), type of cargo transported, and etc.
9 ANNEX 1 GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING CAPACITY Capacity is the gross tonnage of a vessel. The gross tonnage of inland vessels GT in register tons is determined by the formula: GT \u003d V / 2.83, where V is the gross tonnage, m 3, determined by measuring all the premises of the vessel or calculated by the formula: V LBT LB (HT), lbh where L and B the length and width of the vessel along the constructive waterline, m; H side height, m; T draft on the structural waterline, m; displacement completeness coefficient; coefficient of completeness of the constructive waterline; l, b, h, respectively, the average length, width and height of superstructures or deckhouses, m. The gross tonnage does not include wheelhouse volumes, galleys, toilets, all skylights and similar shallows. The gross tonnage of vessels of mixed (river sea) navigation is determined in accordance with the rules for the measurement of ships contained in Appendix 1 to the International Convention for the Measurement of Ships of 1969. APPENDIX 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF NORMATIVE WAVE HEIGHTS APPLICABLE TO THE BASIC SYMBOL OF A SHIP CLASS Basic symbol of a class Standard wave height, m \u200b\u200bSecurity of wave heights,% “L” 0.6 1 “P” 1.2 1 “O” 2.0 1 “M” 3 , 0 3 “O-PR” 2.0 3 “M-PR” 2.5 3 “M-SP” 3.5 3 Total repeatability,% General Director of the Russian River Register N.A. Efremov
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The main documents governing the expert assessment of ships in Ukraine are:
1. Russian River Register
Rules for the classification and construction of inland vessels.
Publishing House Marine Engineering Service М.1995 volumes 1,2,3.
Order of the Goflotnadzor of Ukraine dated 13.08.1997 No. 46 “On the introduction of in force in Ukraine of the Rules of the Russian River Register ed. 1995 from 1.09.97 years. "
Instructions for filling out the documents of the Russian River Register compiled in the classification and technical supervision of ships.
Environmental safety rules for domestic and mixed vessels Navigation M1995g.
Russian Maritime Register of Shipping of Russia.
Phones of organizations engaged in survey surveys:
Belokurets Anatoly Alekseevich
- tel. 417-30-53- Chief engineer of Ukrflotnadzor of Ukraine;
Okhrimenko Alexander Stanislavovich - Deputy Head of Ukrflotnadzor of Ukraine - tel. 416-82-09;
Savchenko Boris Nikonovich - Representative of Ukrmorphlotnadzor in Ukraine. - tel. 416-53-21.
Classification of ships, definitions.
The following definitions are adopted in the Rules of the River Register of the Russian Federation:
1,1 Cargo ship - a vessel intended for the carriage of goods.
1,2 Passenger ship - a vessel designed to carry passengers or carrying more than 12 passengers
1,3 Fishing boat - a vessel used directly for fishing, as well as for the extraction of other living water resources.
1,4 Mixed navigation vessel (river - sea) - A vessel designed for transshipment of goods by sea and inland waterways.
1.5 Ships with a horizontal method of loading and unloading cargo - ships specially designed for the transportation of various wheeled vehicles, cargo operations on which are carried out in a horizontal way - by rolling, including:
- rolling vessels - cargo ships specially designed for the transport of various equipment (with and without cargo) on all decks, including decks of superstructures;
- ferries - vessels intended for the carriage of passengers, as well as railway rolling stock or trackless vehicles (with and without cargo), as a rule, on the bulkhead deck and above;
1,6 Tanker - A vessel intended for the carriage of liquid cargo in bulk.
1,7 Combined vessel - a vessel intended for the carriage in bulk of crude oil and petroleum products, as well as bulk cargoes (these vessels are oil tankers and the like).
1,8 Pusher - a vessel having a hitch and designed for continuous driving by pushing other vessels and floating structures.
1,9 Deadweight - the difference between the displacement of the vessel at the load waterline, corresponding to the designated summer freeboard in water with a density of 1,000-1,025t / m 3 (depending on the class of the vessel and the navigation area) and empty displacement.
1,9,1 Empty displacement - displacement of the vessel in tons without cargo, fuel, lubricating oil, ballast, fresh, boiler water in tanks, ship's stocks, as well as without passengers, crew and their belongings.
1,10 Tow - a vessel having a towing device and designed to tow and turn over other vessels and floating structures.
1,11 Floating crane (floating crane) - a crane structure on a floating base of a pontoon or similar in shape to the type intended for hoisting operations.
1,12 Dry cargo vessel a vessel intended for the carriage of various cargoes (general cargo, containers, timber, bulk cargo, cars with and without cargo), except for liquid bulk cargoes.
1,13 Container ship - a vessel designed and specially equipped for the transport of goods in containers of international standard.
1,14 Hydrofoil Ship (SPK) - a vessel supported above the water surface during movement in the operational mode by hydrodynamic forces developing on hydrofoils.
Gross Tonnage - in register tons, this is gross tonnage in cubic meters divided by 2.83. The gross tonnage is not allowed to include the volumes of wheelhouse, galleys, toilets, all skylights, and similar shallows.
Documents.
When conducting an expert assessment, depending on its purpose, the evaluator (surveyor) may require the following documents showing the condition of the vessel at the date of the assessment (issued by the State Technical Supervision of Ukraine):
1, certificate of fitness for swimming;
2 The register of the steam boiler and the main steam line;
3, Register of pressure vessels;
4, Acts of surveys;
The River Register issues all these 1-4 documents without a time limit; they are valid if there is a relevant survey certificate.
5, In addition to documents 1-4, the following are issued to vessels traveling overseas:
5.1 Certificate of Fitness for Swimming;
5.2 Certificate for signaling facilities;
5.3 Certificate for life-saving appliances;
5.4 Certificate of load;
Certificate on prevention of pollution by oil, sewage, garbage;
6, For passenger vessels leaving in coastal areas, the River Register issues a passenger certificate;
The documents referred to in paragraphs 5-6 are issued for a period until the next survey with their annual confirmation.
7, Documents confirming compliance of materials and products manufactured under the supervision of the River Register, the provisions of the Rules and additional requirements are:
7.1 River Register Certificates issued for materials and products;
7.2 documents of the River Register about the tests performed;
7.3 documents agreed upon with the River Register issued by enterprises for the materials and products they produce or laboratories for their tests;
It should be borne in mind that the River Register can fully or partially recognize documents of other classification societies, technical supervisory authorities, as well as other organizations.
Ship documents must be stored on the ship, and when operating ships without crews, they must be kept by the owner of the ship.
The captain (commander, skipper) of the vessel, the owner of the vessel (when operating vessels without crews) are responsible for the safety of all documents of the River Register.
Any changes relating to materials, ship construction and products covered by the requirements of the rules carried out by shipowners, shipyards and manufacturers should be agreed with the River Register before their implementation.
Supervision over the construction, operation and rehabilitation, modernization and conversion of vessels of the inspector is carried out on the basis of coordination with the River Register of technical documentation.
The technical supervision of the River Register is subject to the following inland and mixed navigation vessels, both built and operated, owned by state enterprises, of any form of ownership, business partnerships, public organizations and private individuals:
self-propelled with the main mechanisms with a capacity of 55 kW or more;
- non-self-propelled gross tonnage of 80 register tons or more;
- ship lifting devices with a lifting capacity of 1t and
more.
Technological and special devices of fishing vessels,
fishing, cable, technical fleets and special purposes are not subject to supervision of the River Register, with the exception of equipment listed in the relevant parts of the rules.
Ship class
1.1 The river register may assign a class to a ship built under its technical supervision, and also assign or restore a class to a ship in operation.
1.2 The assignment or restoration of a class means that the vessel, fully or to the extent recognized by the River Register as sufficient, satisfies the requirements of the Rules that apply to it.
1.3 The assignment or restoration of a class to a vessel is certified by the issuance of a certificate of fitness for sailing and is confirmed at the next annual and extraordinary surveys.
The main symbol in the class formula of an inland navigation vessel is the letter designation “L”, “P”, “O”, “M”, which defines the design of the vessel and the discharge of the water basin in which the operation of the vessel is permitted.
Depending on the design features of the vessel, the main class symbol is supplemented by the following characters included in the class formula:
For ships built under the technical supervision of the River Register or other classification authority recognized by the River Register, the * sign is placed in front of the main symbol, for example, “* O”
For ships with special ice reinforcements that meet the requirements of the Rules, the word “ice” is enclosed in brackets, and for icebreakers, the word “icebreaker” is used instead of ice.
For vessels recognized as experimental by the River Register, the letter “E” is placed ahead of the combination of the * s and the main symbol
“L”, “P”, “O”, “M”, for example “E * M”.
An experimental class is assigned to ships. Some elements of which or the vessel as a whole do not comply with the Rules, are not verified by operating practice, but are admitted to navigation by the River Register in order to study new elements of the vessel.
- For ships equipped with automation equipment in accordance with the requirements, the letter “A” is put at the end of the class formula, for example, “* O (ice) A.” In the class formula, ships intended for sailing in conditions that differ from the regulated ones may be additional characters applied.
Type and purpose of the vessel.
The type of vessel should be designated with the words “motor ship”, “steamboat”, “diesel electric ship”, “Open (closed) cargo ship”, “floating crane”, etc.
To determine the purpose of the vessel it is allowed to use additional explanations, for example, transportation of petroleum products with a flash point of 45 0., Dredging, lifting of goods, etc.
The type and purpose of the vessels are not included in the class formula, but they are usually indicated in the “Basic technical data of the vessel” section of the Certificate of Fitness for Navigation.
Regular surveys are carried out in order to determine the technical condition of the main elements of the vessel, equipment, devices, systems, supplies. Based on the results of the next survey, requirements are presented that are aimed at ensuring the safety of the vessel in accordance with its purpose and class. (Frequency in tables)
(Annual and extraordinary surveys.)
Water Basin Classification
division of water basins into categories “L”, “P”, “O”, “M”carried out in compliance with the following conditions:
In discharge basins “L”, “P”, “O”,waves of 1% security, respectively 0.6; 1,2; and 2m have a total repeatability (security) of not more than 4% of navigation time;
In discharge basins "M»Waves of 3% coverage with a height of 3m have a total repeatability of not more than 4% of navigation time.
In discharge basins “L”, “P”, “O”, “M”vessels of classes corresponding to discharges are allowed to sail at waves with a height of 0.6 respectively; 1,2; 2 and 3m.
The class of a vessel operating continuously in a basin of a given category shall not be lower than the corresponding category of this basin.
The possibility of a one-time passage through pools that do not correspond to this class of vessels is determined by the Inspectorate taking into account the wind-wave characteristics, the transition route and the technical condition, provided that the owner submits justifications and measures guaranteeing the safety of the transition.
The categories of inland water basins of Ukraine are presented in the order of Ukrmortechnadzor in addition to the Rules.
Technical documentation of a converted or refurbished vessel.
This is especially important when evaluating ships transferred as collateral for obtaining loans for refurbishment or restoration or when calculating the LNEI of a ship.
Prior to the beginning of capital or restoration repair, modernization or re-equipment of the vessel, the River Register must be presented with technical documentation for those parts of the hull, mechanisms and equipment of the vessel that are subject to repair, modernization, conversion or reconstruction.
When changing the characteristics of strength, stability, hull design, installation on the vessel new mechanisms and devices, etc. as a result of the re-equipment of the vessel, coordination with the River Register must be obtained.
Rules for inspection of the vessel by the appraiser or (items described upon receipt of the survey survey).
During the inspection of the vessel, the following definitions of the basic elements of the vessel were adopted:
1. hull - revetment, decking of decks, platforms and inner bottom, impermeable longitudinal and transverse bulkheads, inner sides, longitudinal and transverse set (bottom, deck, side) of the superstructure involved in the general bending of the vessel, superstructures of passenger ships.
mechanisms main engines, transmissions from them to the propeller shaft, shaft shafts, hoisting devices of floating cranes, refrigeration units of refrigerated vessels, main steam boilers;
Electrical equipment - main electric machines of an electric rowing installation, autonomous generators of a general ship power station, main switchboards, main current cables of ships with electric rowing installations, power cables coming from power station generators to switchboards, from switchboards to electric motors of the main mechanisms of floating cranes and to electric motors of the refrigeration unit of refrigerated vessels.
Equipment, technical safety and supply - rescue equipment for ships, emergency and navigational supplies, signaling equipment, fire-fighting supplies, radio communications,
The scope of the survey, information on the technical condition of the main elements, data on measurements and the scope of repairs and replacements with sufficient completeness should be reflected in the acts surveys.
Hull and superstructure
If the vessel is inspected by the appraiser after the first inspection by the Inspectorate, this can also be done without a diving team, if during inspection of the compartments and places most susceptible to wear, defects and damage to the underwater hull are not found.
At survey
add-ons
special attention should be paid to the regulated elements: closures, doors, windows, gangways, coaming, fire bulkheads, etc.
The wear standards for the connections of superstructures participating in the general bending of the vessel should be assumed to be the same with the norms for hull wear. The norms of wear of the connections of the superstructures of passenger ships that are not involved in the general bending of the vessel should be taken equal to the norms of wear for the ends of the hull.
If the connections of the add-ons are worn above the established standards, it is necessary to reduce the assessment of the technical condition of the hull.
Particular attention when assessing with the obligatory reflection in the report during the inspection of the superstructure, damages affecting the safety of navigation should be reflected.
When surveying steel docks by a shipowner the appraisal company itself may submit in the report an act of diving inspection of the underwater part of the hull and an act of measuring residual thicknesses with a thickness gauge device.
Be sure the appraiser should pay attention on acts of adhesion and fault detection (Two years without a survey on a slipway may be an inland navigation vessel;
one year - for vessels of class "M-SP", "M-pr", "O-pr".)
The greatest deterioration of ties that you need to pay attention to when assessing the hull or in the acts of survey survey is:
- dial planes - for decking and the second bottom of ships, loading, unloading and cleaning of which is carried out with grabs and bulldozers, for the side lining of ships operating in ice conditions and lock pools, for the bottom lining of ships whose hull material is subject to road corrosion, for bow formations of ships, operated in ice conditions and moored off an unequipped shore;
-upper part of the gas zone - for decking and shafts, for decking and bulkheads of oil vessels, especially in cargo receiving and pumping compartments.
-areas of intense vapor and air exchange - for ballast compartments, especially for ships operating in marine and coastal marine areas;
-nasal feed gaps especially for vessels with sleigh tips.
In the expert assessment, especially for concluding sale and purchase agreements while continuing the operation of the vessel for its intended purpose, it is necessary to indicate the degree of wear of the hull bond groups, the strain parameters, on the basis of which the assessment of the hull technical condition is established.
At survey of the case bottom slans, isolation of hold spaces and internal wood cladding must be removed to the extent necessary to determine the wear and damage of all elements of the hull; access should be provided for inspection of the deck set. All cement mortars, as well as temporary duplicate sheets installed without observing the requirements of the standards, must be removed or must be noted in the report by the evaluator. Duplicate patch strips to increase the overall strength of the hull or the local strength of individual bonds, as well as understudies installed on pre-welded cracks, cannot be removed, but can be noted in the report in the narrative.
When examined by an appraiser of metal vessels, the following parts of the hull and superstructures shall be selectively inspected:
The main documents governing the expert assessment of ships in Ukraine are:
1. Russian River Register
Rules for the classification and construction of inland vessels.
Publishing House Marine Engineering Service М.1995 volumes 1,2,3.
2. Order of the Goflotnadzor of Ukraine dated 13.08.1997 No. 46 “On the introduction of in force in Ukraine of the Rules of the Russian River Register ed. 1995 from 1.09.97 years. "
3. Instructions for filling out the documents of the Russian River Register compiled in the classification and technical supervision of ships.
The main and spare steering gears must be checked from both the main and emergency power sources.
2. - when examining the anchor device, attention should be paid to the correspondence of the type of anchors, as well as the caliber of the chains to the design, the reliability of the anchor chains fastening, the possibility of quick recoil and the condition of the locking devices.
Anchor devices must be tested in action by simultaneously lifting two hanging anchors.
You should also check in operation the device for remote return anchors.
3. - when examining the anchor structure of oil loading vessels intended for the transportation of petroleum products with a flash point of vapor below 60 ° C, it is necessary to check the tightness of the chain boxes and the possibility of filling them with water.
4. - In case of replacement of anchors or chains, it is necessary to check the availability of factory certificates and stamps.
5. - The boat device and lifeboats should be checked visually and tested by launching and raising the boats fully equipped. The completeness of the supply of lifeboats and the presence of dies for testing boats should also be checked.
6. When examining the coupling devices, attention should be paid to the state of reinforcement of the hull structures of the coupling beam, foundation and lock head, connecting rod, bolt joints of the suspension plate to the foundation. When inspecting double-lock couplings, it is necessary to pay attention to the condition of the lock case, holder, dropping device and other parts and assemblies available for inspection.
When inspecting the rope devices, it is also necessary to check the condition of the ropes, their connections, rope-cutting and tensioning devices and the fastening of these devices to the hull of the vessel.
You should also check for the presence on the ship of an act of control hitching and uncoupling before starting navigation.
7. During the inspection of the towing device, the condition of the towbar, towing rope, towing bollards, the reliability of their attachment to the hull and the condition of the limiting devices should be checked. It is also necessary to check the mobility of the towing hook with a rope fixed on it, the return of the towing rope from the hook, the device for remote lifting of the hook from the wheelhouse, the operation of the towing winch for selecting and etching the rope from the remote and local control stations, disconnecting the drum from the self-braking drive and free bleeding of the rope, operation of winch mechanisms, brakes and electrical equipment.
8. When examining the signaling means, it is necessary to check the compliance of the signal-distinctive lamps, sound and pyrotechnic means, with the requirements of the Rules. Flashlights and sound aids are tested in action.
9. The condition of closures, room equipment, and crew and passenger protection equipment should be checked by external inspection. The evaluator is required to check the tightness test of the closures of cargo hatches and deck closures.
10. When examining the ship's supply, the appraiser is obliged to check the compliance of the rescue, navigation and emergency supplies with the established standards or with the list provided for evaluation. Supply status should be checked by external inspection. Re-examination of inflatable liferafts should be carried out by stations of inflatable liferafts annually, as well as in cases of spillage into water, operation of the gas filling system and detection of damage. Rafts are subject to re-examination and evaluation complete with containers and hydrostats.
11. When examining a wing device, it is necessary to check the condition of the welds and surfaces of the wings, flaps, struts, and brackets, the reliability of fastening the wings and flaps to the brackets and brackets to the body,
12. When evaluating ships for further use for the intended purpose and conclusion of purchase and sale agreements, the documents for the next survey of devices, equipment and supplies should be included in the appendix to the expert assessment:
a) - an act on the tightness testing of lifeboats and air boxes;
b) - the act of testing the air boxes of rafts, tables, benches for impermeability;
c) - the act of testing life vests and bibs for strength and buoyancy.
d) the act of testing closures of cargo hatches and deck closures for impermeability.
Passports and certificates for equipment, supplies, chains and ropes of steering, anchor, boat devices, foundation bolts of automatic couplings and bolts of wing devices if these parts were replaced during repair.
Fire protection
In the expert assessment of fire protection, depending on the class and type of vessel, experts are offered to assess and survey:
Constructive fire protection: fire-resistant and fire-retardant bulkheads and closing openings in them, fire doors, equipment for fuel and other combustible materials storage facilities, facilities operating on liquefied gas and facilities for them, facilities for them, facilities for showing films, laying fire-hazardous pipelines, special systems of oil loading vessels for fire prevention (gas discharge, spark extinguishing, ventilation of fire-hazardous compartments and premises, smoke, irrigation, etc.)
Systems of fire-, water-, steam-, foam extinguishing, carbon dioxide extinguishing, extinguishing by pairs of easily evaporating liquids (liquid extinguishing);
Fire alarm;
Fire supply.
Inspection of fire protection equipment and reflection in the expert assessment report.
When evaluating fire-fighting equipment, the appraiser in the report must pay attention to the following points:
Survey of fire protection elements should be carried out simultaneously with the survey of the building .;
When inspecting a fire extinguishing system, a fire alarm, remote control systems for fire doors must be checked in action in order to determine their readiness for immediate use and their serviceability;
In a water extinguishing system, the pressure of water from any fire hydrant should be checked at the maximum water flow rate, taking into account its flow rate for foaming, irrigation and other needs;
The fire extinguishing system must be checked in action by a test run of steam in the protected premises;
The foam suppression system must be checked in action with water without supplying a foaming agent;
The carbon dioxide extinguishing system must be checked with compressed air. Water tests are also allowed. The presence of carbon dioxide in cylinders should be checked according to the weighing act, the permissible deviation from the mass of carbon dioxide in cylinders should not exceed + - 10% of the data provided by the passport;
The extinguishing system in pairs of easily evaporating liquids (liquid extinguishing system) must be checked by means of measuring devices. In the absence of measuring devices, weighing certificates shall be provided.
The vent system must be checked by selectively opening individual valves, flame arresters and breathing devices.
The inert gas system must be checked by selectively opening the individual valves of the flame arresting devices, as well as in operation. The effectiveness of the inert gas installation should be confirmed by laboratory data with the issuance of an act on the vessel with the results of stable parameters in accordance with the technical conditions for the installation;
It is necessary to check the completeness of the fire supply and its expiration date.
It is also possible in this section to highlight issues on the material of pipelines and fittings, to submit acts of hydraulic tests in the Appendices (they are carried out at least once every 8 years).
Inspection of systems and pipelines and reflection in the expert assessment report.
The following general ship systems are subject to expert assessment, reflected in the report: drainage, ballast, hydraulic, cargo and cleaning systems of oil vessels, ventilation systems, steam heating and household steam supply, sewage, air, overflow, measuring and systems with toxic agents.
Malfunctions of ship systems do not affect the assessment of the technical condition of a ship, however, when assessing ships, the state of systems and pipelines must be taken into account and reflected in the report.
Inspection of ship systems and pipelines is carried out
simultaneously with the survey of the building:
External inspection of systems is carried out in accessible places;
The drainage system should be checked by trial pumping water from the housing compartments;
When examining ballast systems, it is necessary to check the filling and pumping of ballast tanks;
When examining the cargo systems of oil loading vessels, it is necessary to conduct an external inspection of pipelines in accessible places, check the pumps (turning them on and off), valves (opening and closing).
The engine room ventilation system should be tested in operation by starting and stopping fans from local and remote control stations. (It is also possible to obtain certificates for the materials used, hydraulic test certificates.
Hydraulic tests of drainage and ballast systems, steam heating systems and hydraulic drives are carried out once every 8 years, and for cargo systems of oil vessels after 4 years.
Inspection of mechanical installations and reflection
in the peer review report.
An appraiser performing an expert assessment of ships shall conduct an expert assessment of ship mechanical installations, equipment of engine rooms, shaft shafts and propulsors, as well as mechanisms for technological household and household purposes.
1. The evaluator inspects the mechanisms in accessible places and checks them for 1-4 hours in various modes.
2. The shipowner is obliged to provide the appraiser with passports and forms of mechanisms with data on the number of hours worked by the main and auxiliary mechanisms, the results of measurements of crankshaft rips, measurements of connecting rod bolts, and other critical parts, as well as the results of thermal engineering control of the engine.
3. When examining and testing mechanical installations, it is necessary to check the operation of the main and auxiliary engines, shaft shafts, systems and devices, servicing mechanisms, as well as communication facilities of the engine room with the wheelhouse in operation under various conditions. It is necessary to check whether this or that working mechanism is a source of increased vibration of the case, other mechanisms or equipment.
4. The evaluator must check the engine operating parameters (speed, oil and cooling water pressure, exhaust gas temperature), the value of which should not exceed the limits set by the manufacturer.
5. Survey and testing of remote or remote automatic control systems, as well as alarm systems should be carried out as for automation tools, which will be considered as a separate issue.
6. The assessment of the technical condition of a mechanical installation is established by the worst estimate determined by the following standardized parameters: - by the wear of the main and connecting rod journals of the crankshafts (deviation in cylindrical shape) and by the runout of the main journals of the crankshafts ( See table 9); - for damage to the main fixed and moving parts:
When writing off or selling for scrap metal, the appraiser indicates the following possible damages:
Damage, cracks, seizures, as well as deformations and wear of crankshafts exceeding for any of the shafts the deformations presented in the table in the column “limited fit”, as well as rips of crankshafts exceeding the maximum permissible set by the manufacturer, and in the absence of such data exceeding 0.00025 S, where S is the piston stroke in mm .;
The reduction in the diameter of the necks of the crankshaft due to wear or grooves is below the smallest size limit established by the manufacturer’s documents, and in the absence of more than 0.04d, where d is the nominal neck diameter in mm .;
Destruction, seizure, cracks and residual deformation in the main moving parts: shafts, rods, rods, rods, balancers, gears, couplings;
Destruction, cracks, through shells or chipping in the details of the skeleton: frames, blocks, parallels and beds.
Damage, cracks, and also the wear of the teeth of the main gears, exceeding that established by the manufacturer or exceeding 0.2 m, where m is the engagement module;
A decrease in the diameter of the shaft shafts due to wear or grooves in excess of 0.04 of the original diameter;
Deviation from the cylindricality of the working necks of the shaft shafts exceeding the maximum permissible values \u200b\u200bof 0.002 of the initial diameter of the neck;
Damage as well as curvature or improper installation of the propeller, intermediate and thrust shafts.
Inspection of boilers installed on ships
and reflected in the peer review report.
The evaluator very rarely conducts or requires an internal examination or hydraulic tests of the boiler installation, most often only an external examination is required, which consists in checking the condition of the boiler, pipelines and all boiler equipment during operation of the boiler, namely:
Check the water level in the boiler by blowing the channels of the gauge glass with steam and water, as well as blowing test valves;
Check the correct application of risks on the plug of the faucet of the boiler pressure gauge;
Check the operation of nutrient devices (feed pumps, injectors, automatic power supplies, cation exchange filters and other installations) and lower and upper blow-off valves;
By opening the doors of the smoke chamber and the firebox, make sure that there are no leaks, steaming and bulging in the firing parts accessible for inspection, and also check the condition of the brickwork of the firebox; the design of the chimney and doors should exclude the passage of gases and air leaks;
make sure that the actuator for manually detonating the safety valves, remote actuators of the fuel and stop valves is in good condition;
Check the insulation status of the boiler and steam lines;
Pay attention to the general condition of fuel storages, fuel lines, fuel pumps, nozzles.
During the external examination, the correct installation and operation of the boiler fittings, adjustment and sealing of safety valves should be checked;
Check the tightness of the joints of the steam lines and valves, make sure that there are no leaks, steaming and boiling, which prevent the valves from opening or closing, check the reliability of the remote control valves.
When examining boiler automation, you should:
Check the operation of the automatic control system of combustion and boiler power;
Verify the correct operation of the automation equipment of other systems and devices serving the boiler plant, the system of automatic control of the water level in a warm box, automatic ignition of the nozzle, fuel temperature (viscosity) regulators, automatic control of the fuel level in the supply tank, etc .;
Check in action the means of emergency - warning alarm and automatic protection of the boiler, paying particular attention to the operation of the nozzle extinguishing system when the water level drops below the permissible level;
Make sure that all appliances that control the operation of the boiler are in good condition.
Assessment of the technical state of the boiler.
Determination of wear is carried out upon receipt of measurements and inspection, operation is prohibited:
If wear and tear exceed those given in (See Table 10) in the column "limited fit";
If there are leaks in the seams that are not amenable to embossing or welding, as well as “wet” cracks in the parts of the boiler, including the lintels of the tube sheets;
When warping tube sheets with an arrow of deflection of more than the thickness of the sheet in cases of setting tubes for welding and more than half the thickness of the sheet in cases of setting tubes using rolling;
With the ellipticity of the holes of the tube sheet over 2% of the outer diameter of the pipe;
with unsatisfactory tests and studies of the metal of the boiler.
Assessment of pipelines and pressure vessels (tanks, pneumatic tanks for sanitary and other systems) installed on ships,
An internal survey and hydraulic tests are carried out by the inspection, as a result of which relevant acts are drawn up. The appraiser performs an external examination of pressure vessels and pipelines in order to check the condition of the external surfaces.
The presence and condition of safety devices and control devices, the density of the connection of individual parts of the valve.
Safety valves must be adjusted so that the pressure in the vessel when the valve is activated is not more than 10% of the working pressure. The safety valves installed after the pressure reducing valves must be adjusted to a pressure exceeding the working one by 0.1-0.2 MPa.
After each actuation, the safety valve must close at a pressure of at least 85% of the working pressure.
If the safety valves fail, pressure vessels are not allowed to work. (The shipowner must submit annual air test reports).
General approaches and techniques that are used in the assessment of ships, depending on the purpose of the assessment.
In the expert assessment of vessels, depending on the purpose of the assessment, three generally accepted assessment methods are used:
1. For contracts of sale, repurchase:
Sales Analogs Method
Cost Method.
2. For entering into the UV enterprises, rent:
Sales Analogs Method
The method of evaluating profitability (for business).
3. For auctions, contests:
Cost method
Yield method.
4. Merger and division of business partnerships with all forms of ownership:
Method of sales analogues;
Profitability Method:
Cost method.
5. When pledging, insurance
Method of sales analogues (30-50%) of the cost
6, When selling for scrap, write-off.
The cost method, taking into account the coefficients of economic depreciation, when selling at residual value to non-residents of Ukraine, it is necessary to take into account permits issued by the relevant services for the export of non-ferrous metals. (more often sold as good or limited good).
When determining the method of sales analogues, you must take into account !. Date of sale - rate of fluctuation of hard currency;
Season (spring, summer, winter, autumn)
Supply and demand market ;, value of customs duties on export, restrictions on export of ships.
Offers on world markets - quotation.
When determined by the Cost Method:
determined replacement cost, all types of depreciation (mainly physical depreciation), residual value. Economic depreciation is determined to evaluate the vessels for which there are buyers and the assessment is made to order.