The boundaries of Cappadocia at various times were constantly changing. Today, this name is it called its main core, which is located in the central part of the Peninsula of Small Asia, aside, which does not have access to the sea. It is a deserted plateau with a continental climate, located at an altitude of 1000 m above sea level. In the south, His Mountains of Erdjijas and Hassan are born, north it extends to the rows of valleys to the salt lake Tuz Göluly and the Kyzyl-Irmak River. In antiquity, these territories were called Cappadocia Great or Mediterranean. Regularly in the Kappadokia warehouse included the lands that went to the Black Sea: Cappadocia Small, Top or Pontica (although in history they are most often indicated under the independent name Pont, periodically as an independent state).
Cappadocia is famous for its unique geology - it was formed due to intense volcanic activity. In such a peculiar structure, it is obliged to two periods, a meeting of two opposite forces of nature about 65-62 million years ago: the period of eruption of volcanoes, as a result of which the local land was covered with tuffs and other geological rocks, and the erosion and weathering period. In the period when mountains began to form here, in particular, the TAVR Ridge, in Central Anatolia, deep cracks were formed in the ground. As a result, Magma, erupting on the surface, formed the ridge of volcanoes, thus parallel to the backbone of Tavra lined up the line of new volcanoes (Devili, Erdjes, Hassan, Kaichibiduran, Gullyuda and Mellendes).
The next step is characterized by erosion and weathered. Thanks to the continental climate with significant and sharp temperature differences, cracks began to form in rocks. The activities of ice and water contributed to the destruction of the rocks, along with the impact of rivers and heavy rains. It was formed the glorified "stone pillars" of Peribadzalary ("Fires Fay") - the remains in the form of stone pillars and stone mushrooms of the most bizarre forms and the outlines.
The name "Cappadocia" comes from the language of the ancient hitts, which means the "country of purebred horses". The history of Cappadocia originates from 5 millennia to our era. All the long period of its existence, this area was at the crossroads of civilizations, alternately entering the Hett, Persian, Roman and Ottoman Empires and other state formations, and serving a battlefield for numerous wars.
The dominance of the Hittte Empire continued on this territory from the XVIII to the XII century to our era. She fell under the onslaught of aggressive tribes and "nations of the sea", which moved to Armenian Highlands.
For several centuries, Cappadocia belonged to Persians. Hence the Persia regularly transported gold, mules, rams and horses. The invincible cavalry of Darius and his son Xerxa \u200b\u200bhad 1,500 wonderful capadocycial champows, which are pride of the empire at its disposal.
Alexander Macedonsky dismantled Cappadocia in the Persians. After his empire broke up, the country enjoyed independence for some time, but after 350 she became the Roman province. The Romans were rather strange in this situation - they did not alter everything on their own way, but they were only the construction of new roads. From a long time, through this area, trading pathways from Europe to Maly Asia - starting with the II millennium BC, Assyrian merchants had representative offices here - "Karuma" here.
Zeavy Valley:
Grain of Christianity in this country of the mountains and shady gorges was sown by the Apostle Paul in the first century of our millennium, and Vasily Great became the first Bishop of Cappadocia - it was on the local lands after a long year of the wanders in Palestine and Egypt, he gained harmony and peace.
The first Christians began to build underground cities here to protect against Sracinov raids - then Muslims called. Multi-tiered labyrinths created in those distant times have still been preserved in excellent. The short segment of Cappadocy's time owned by Byzantines, then she fell for a long time to hold the Seljuk Turk. They were actively engaged in construction - in Turkey, a large number of mosques erected, fortresses and madrasah are preserved - spiritual schools. They built powerful "Palaces for travelers" - the so-called caravan sheds.
Sultan Khan is a caravan-shed, which is on the border of Cappadocia. He was a wonderful protection against the vicillas of nomadic life. The merchants could relax here, replenish reserves, wait for a terrible heat or bad weather. Also wanderers were offered a doctor's services, stables, bath hams and mosques. The tourist center of Cappadocia is considered the town of Görta. At the entrance to the city there is a wonderful open-air museum, he is a certain valley where the ancient rock churches are collected with frescoes on a variety of plots from the New Testament.
Town Gorem:
Görem National Park:
Cappadocia is famous for its underground cities, choke in the rocks by the first Christians who saved in the desert corners of Malaya Asia during the reign of Emperor Diocletian. Many centuries in these caves lived people. About half a century ago, near the Cappadocyan village, Derinkic archaeologists discovered underground cities that went deep into the earth by more than dozens of meters represented by kilometer labyrinths galleries, residential and economic premises. On seven tiers of dungeons are barns, wells, refectory, ventilation mines, stables, wine cellar, prison, church and school. The door, which closed the moves in the cave city, served huge stone boulders.
Save the secrets of the dungeon - was the main goal of the city residents, from which their life depended. In the days when Arabs visited the city or even the Mongols went underground. In the transitions and galley stored provisions. All cities had secret outputs. Multi-tier, ventilation and secret outputs made such a city safe and impregnable.
In a narrow corridor, in some places there are steps, cut down right in the breed. Inside the twilight and pleasant coolness reigns - here it is especially nice to visit the street heat. By visiting this place, you should pay attention to the colors of the arrows depicted on the walls, blue lead to the exit, and red - down, deep into the underground city. On both sides of this passage there are spacious premises - this is the apartments of the inhabitants of the ancient city.
In the central part of Cappadocia, there is one of the most densely populated settlements of this area - Scientist:
The scientist is also known for its fortress cut down in a rock:
The fortress stands on top of the hill, rising to which, you can look at almost all Cappadlock, including the Valley of the Love, which is folded quite a few legends and legends:
Attentive readers will notice a dog on this photo:
Cappadocia is famous for its masters: potters, winemakers, weales and stripped stone. Through this area flows the longest river Turkey - Kyzyl-Irmak - Red River. It received its name due to the red water color, which is associated with the composition of clay, painted with iron salts. Still back to our era on her clay shores, the city rose, which today is called Avanos. Pottery in this area was distributed even during the rule of the Hittites - their techniques are used until today's days of craftsmen. Each product is dried in the sun for three days, then sent to the firing. In the stove, in which the dishes are burned, not only firewood, but also bundles of sheep wool, straw and raisins. Thanks to this particular processing method, the dishes made by local potters, rings like a bell, if they knock on it with a finger.
The rich history of local places inspired the famous poet Joseph Brodsky to writing the poem "Cappadocia", which tells about the wars of Mithridate. There is an assumption that the unusual landscapes of Cappadocia and its underground houses were inspired by George Lucas when creating fantastic Tatuein landscapes in the film "Star Wars. Episode IV. New Hope". Moreover, residents can show places where the film was allegedly occurring. Those who had happiness to visit Cappadocia are constantly talking about when twilight is condensed over these places, and people are immersed in the Kingdom of Morpheus, good fairies fly out of their underground caches on top of one of the rocks. But only those who have a clean, kind heart can see them, and who did not lose the ability to believe in magic and fairy tales.
When in bright sunny weather, you fly in a balloon over Cappadocy, you open before your bizarre and surrealistic paintings that the impression is created that the other planet suddenly appeared, or at least in parallel reality - the sights of this area are so unusually and incredibly the sights of this area. Joint labor of nature and man.
Interestingly, Cappadocia (translated "Country of beautiful horses") is not the name of some city or settlement, but the historical name of the terrain, which is located in Central Anatolia in Turkey. It is noteworthy that there is a huge number of interesting attractions on its territory - the stone pillars created by nature, knocked out in the rocks of the dwellings and the temples of the monks, as well as huge underground cities with each other tunnels.
From the capital of Turkey, this region is quite far away: if you use the "Istanbul Cappadokia" bus, you can get in 10-11 hours (the flight will cost about thirty dollars). The composition of this region includes five regions, and Cappadocia is located on the map between the four cities:
- Kyroshir - is located in the north, you can reach it by bus, overcoming the distance from Istanbul is 638 km;
- Nowhere is the city in the south to get here from the capital of Turkey, it is necessary to drive 795 km;
- Kayseri - To get to this eastern city from Istanbul, you need to overcome 772 km;
- Aksarai - from the Western city, the capital of Turkey separates 674 km.
Formation
Cappadocia is almost evenly deprived of vegetation, low-water plane, located at an altitude of 1 thousand m. Over y. m., limited in southern Mountains Erdjijas and Melidz. Cappadocia has so unique geology that there simply does not exist similar to it on our planet: to formed Cappadocia, more than 50 million years ago, two absolutely opposite forces were involved in their nature.
Volcanic eruptions have formed mountains, and together with them and faults, after which the lava, pouring, filled all the lowerland of the terrain, equalizing, valleys and forming a plateau. Since the weather is characteristic of capadokia with sharp and strong temperatures, in the rocks as a result of erosion and weathered, cracks appeared, and the water that was constantly freezing and deficing in them, which contributed to the destruction of the rocks.
Stone pillars
Thanks to erosion and weathering (changing weather in this process played not the last role) in this area and one of the most interesting natural attractions appeared - the stone pillars or as the Turks call them "Fires" (and this phenomenon inherent in only Cappadocia and no more people are found anywhere ).
Cones are usually located or a solid wall, or separate groups, while some formations are quite high (about forty meters).
These pillars are mostly mold: from above consist of basalts and Andesites (they form a "hat"), from the bottom - from the tuffs. If earlier the tufova bases under other breeds were not visible at all, now, thanks to erosion, a very clear boundary separating it from other breeds is noticeable. At the same time, the part of the tuff, which is connected to the "cap", gradually skeys - and after some time the pinpoint will completely collapse down.
Underground cities
Cappadocia is interesting for another attraction - there is a huge number of underground cities on its territory, which were created at the dawn of Christianity, in the first century of our era (and for some data, also before).
They did not know about their existence for quite a long time, while in the XIX century, one of the French priests came across the incomprehensible hole in the midst of a mining plateau. An interesting find could not be interested in: he went down, and unexpectedly discovered a huge underground city consisting of several levels and quite well designed.
The ancient architects provided for the presence of ventilation mines, wells, barns, animal centers, and presses for cooking wine and temples were also found. It turned out that the inhabitants of the underworld were held under Earth not all the time: a lot of leading moves were discovered.
Scientists believe that these underground refuge appeared in the second millennium BC at the time of the Hattch kingdom, and then were discovered by Christians who expanded them, turning into major refuge cities, many of which were interconnected by underground tunnels. The settlements were so great that the population of some of them exceeded 10 thousand people.
One of the most famous underground cities of Cappadocia is Derinkov, which is located near the eponymous village (you can get to it by bus from Nevsehiran, located 30 km away, or from Aksaray).
This city has eleven floors, and its lowest tier is located at a depth of 85 meters (archaeological excavations are still underway, and it can be much deeper). Scientists suggest that this city could well cheer out about 20 thousand people and a considerable amount of livestock.
The ancient masters during the construction of Derinkov did everything so that it was difficult to capture: when the danger is approaching the inputs, the entrances were overlapped with ancient boulders, and if the enemy was able to move them away, he turned out to be in a confused labyrinth - the city was built, so that he could only focus on him Inhabitants.
Kaymakla
Another underground sightseeing of Cappadocia in Turkey is the eight-tier city of Kaymakly, located 18 km from Nevsehir (it is interesting that the inhabitants of this city had the opportunity to get to the Derinka in the underground tunnel with a length of nine kilometers). About 15 thousand people could easily live in the territory of this city.
Other dungeons
How many underground cities have Cappadocia, scientists have not yet been determined: at the moment, more than two hundred such attractions were found only between Nevsehir and Kayseri, the forty of which have three floors, the rest are two.
Cave monasteries
One of the attractions of Cappadocia, on which tourists always pay attention when flying in balloons, are choke in the rocks of Keels, temples and other buildings: Many monks settled in the rocks of Cappadocia - about how tightly the caves were settled, a huge number "Windows" and "Doors" (climbing in the housing could be only with the help of rope stairs).
The construction of kesels and temples in the rocks occurred so active that there were not enough places, and in the end, such a construction was forbidden - otherwise the rocks could simply fall apart and collapse.
Especially many rocky monastery complexes are located on the territory of the Görem National Park, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is about 300 square meters. km (getting to the same city of the city is best of all by the bus from Nevsehir, which goes every half hour). The museum is located two kilometers from Görem and at the moment it is considered the largest monastery complex of this area: there are about thirty rocky temples of the IX-XI Art., Most of which are very well preserved.
Travel time
The best months for visiting Cappadocia in Turkey are October and April - the weather at this time is already a non-sucking, but also non-cooling (in addition, at this time the number of tourists is significantly reduced, which means that everything is calm and unhindered, will increase).
Since it is during these months that the weather moves from the winter to the summer, in its wardrobe it is desirable to have clothes designed for different purposes of the year - in early April, for example, temperature indicators can be about + 10 ° C, and in the middle of the month + 25 ° C .
Naturally, this area can be visited at another time of the year. It should be borne in mind that since the climate here is moderately continental, then in summer the weather is very hot here (about + 30 ° C), and very little rains - in August, which is considered the most dry month, is no more than three rains.
But Cappadocia in winter, though beautiful, but the weather is Movned: the thermometer's column at night may well drop up to minus 15 ° C. The weather here here is not always reigning, so the temperature of the temperature indicators usually range from +1 to + 5 ° C. Therefore, there are no special difficulties when visiting this area there is no winter - transport goes well, and in the most visited places the snow is cleaned.
But from a trip to distant and low-transmitted valleys, it is better to abandon better - it is not enough that it is difficult to get there, it is also possible to get bogged in the snow, and in particularly cold weather, wolves often come here.
(eng.)russian). One of the tribadoki tribe, which he mentions - Moshs identified by Flavie Joseph with the biblical intercession, son of Japhta: "Mosochellians, whose source is Mosokh, are now the name of Cappadocians."Location
Cappadocia on map of Malaya Asia. Announced other boundaries of Hellenistic States and Roman provinces
At various periods of time, the boundaries of Cappadocia changed. Currently, under this title, it is customary to understand its main core. The area is located in the center of Malaya Asia, without having access to the sea. This is mostly smooth, deprived of the vegetation of a plateau with a continental climate, rare rivers, which is located at an altitude of 1000 meters above sea level. From the south, it is limited by the Mountains of Erdjijah (3864 m, Argey Mountain) and Hasandag (3253 m) (TAVR Ridge) and extends to the north rows of valleys to the Kyzylirmak River and Salty Lake Tuz.
From the rivers Cappadocia were Galis (now Kyzylirmak) and Iris (now Eshilrimak) with a multi-water influx of the face (now Kelkit). The former historical areas of Malaya Asia surrounded by Cappadocia are: from the North Pont, from the northeast - Armenia, in the east Mesopotamia, in the south of Syria and Kilicia.
These territories in antiquity were known as Capadokia Great or Mediterranean. Periodically, the lands turned to the Black Sea, they were included in Cappadocia, they were called Cappadocia Small, Pontic or Upper, (although in history they are more famous under the independent name of Pont, which was from time to an independent state).
Cities
Most cities of Cappadocia are either known from ancient times and are mentioned in many antiquity sources, or were founded by Islamic conquerors OK. XIII century
Historical areas of small Asia during classic antiquity
Language and population
Cappadocia, especially antique and medieval, has a rather rich language history due to the fact that the region lay at the intersection of several important migration flows of both Indo-European and non-invo-European peoples.
For medieval Capaadokia, the gradual assimilation of Indo-European carriers (Armenians, Greeks) of non-invo-European (Turks) is characterized.
In 1912 in Cappadocia (Sovr. Ila Kayseri, Nowhere, Aksarai and Nevsehir) lived: Turks - 202,927 people, Greeks - 78,719 people, Armenians - 39,489 people.
With the transformation of the empire in 1919, the region was part of the Turkish Republic (officially since 1923). As a result of the administrative reform, the region turned out to be divided between the administrative provinces of Nevsehir, Kayseri, Aksarai and anywhere. In 1923, a Greco-Turkish population exchange took place when these lands left the Greek-speaking population living there in centuries, and only Turks were left. In addition, the region concerned the extermination of Armenians.
In the III century, the Christian Great Martyr George Victorious, the most revered by the Holy One Born, was born in Cappadocia.
Armenians in Cappadocia
A number of researchers consider the indigenous people of Cappadocia by the people, relatives of Armenians and Frigians. Byzantium's policy towards Armenians played an important role in the history of Cappadocia. The border in the northeast with Malaya Armenia, and in the East - with the Great, Cappadocia has long experienced the demographic influence of this nation, but during this period it has gained special scope. The Byzantine Empire in the context of the fight against Baghdad Khalifat was engaged in the violent resettlement of Armenians from Armenia to Maly Asia. There was also an ordinary, fairly intensive emigration from the captured by Arabs Armenia, caused by the same war. The resettlement to Byzantine territories was carried out mainly in Cappadocya (VII-IX centuries), as well as in Mesopotamia, Kilicia and Syria. "For example, the Byzantine commander Lion ruled 25 districts of Armenia in 688 and searched 8000 families from there to a small Asia. In 747, in 751, in 752, Armenians were resettled in Maly Asia from Melitena and Karina (Erzurum). " The peak caused by the aggression of Byzantium and the invasion of Seljuk, came to the XI century. For example, in -1021, Emperor Vasily II moved 15 thousand Armenian families from the Vasiv region to Sebastia (Small Asia). Byzantine emperors, destroying the Vaspurakanskoye, Anonya and other Armenian kingdoms, provided Bagrates, Arzrunids and other royal and prince birthdays on the territory of the Empire. These rulers concentrated power in their hands as the Byzantium itself weakened, along the eastern border of which the Armenian principalities arose on the lands inhabited by Armenians, including in Cappadocia.
One of the similar vassal states was the Arzrunid kingdom, which originated in Sebastia in -1020 in the Tsar Seineryme, when this ruler, together with the third entire population, he left his Vaspurakan region and moved to the upper shovel Kyzyl Irmak. This is the first vassal Armenian kingdom, which emerged in Cappadocia, which included Sebastia, as well as a number of cities and counties between the Pontic Mountains and Ether. Byzantium hoped to use it as one of the barriers to the Seljuk. Armenians were titled Seineryer "King Armenia", while Constantinople gave him only the title of "Patrick" (11th rank in the Government Hierarchy of Byzantium), "Communion" Cappadocia or "Duca Mesopotamia and the Strategist Cappadocia." After the death of this ruler in 1026, under his heirs, the state continued to expand its borders until he was captured by Selzhuki in 1080.
The next period is characterized by erosion and weathered. Thanks to a sharply continental climate of Cappadocia with sudden and significant temperature drops, cracks were formed in rocks. Water and ice contributed to the destruction of the rocks, along with the torrential rains and the impact of rivers. (In the formation of the valleys of this area, the r. Kyzyl-Irmak also played a special role and p. Nevsehir, Dams and their tributaries). They destroyed volcanic rocks. Over time, individual hills have been formed from the volcanic rock.
Stone pillars
Thus, the famous "stone pillars" were formed, or peribadzalary. (tour. Peri Bacaları, "Fires"- remains in the form of stone mushrooms and stone pillars of bizarre forms and outlines. The geological incision of these formations is as follows:
- basalts and Andesites are located above
- and below - tuffs
Valley Pasha Baghi (Pashabag). Nevsehir, Avanos, Chavushin, Nats. Görta Park
Previously, basalts and Andesites covered the tuff base completely, now (due to the process of destruction) you can see them only in some parts of the rocks: they are hung in large blocks ("Hats") on cone-shaped tuff pillars. A clear horizontal line is visible under them, denoting the border of the rock and tuff. The neck of the touched cone over time is gradually sophisticated, so that at some point this "hat" will be worn. Not protected from above, the remains are completely destroyed. The process of their formation and destruction, manifested in the quarter, continues to the present day.
Tufy cones come out with either a solid wall or separate groups. Some of these cliffs reach a height of 40 m. This type of formation is considered to be inherent exclusively capadokia: 18 kilometer territory Kyzyl-Irmak, Damsa Tea (in the East), Nevsehir Tea (in the West), and in the south 288 sq.m. Between the Oil and Kermil Mountains. A typical form - "mushrooms", although there are more exotic forms. So, in the vicinity of Görema is t. N. Love Valley. (Lower valley, she is the valley of the penises, Penis Valley), the rocks of which have obvious forms of phallilos (see ill.).
By the beginning of the III century BC e. Cappadocia was divided into 10 provinces, the names of which are stored by stabon. Five of them were on Tavra: Melitena, Kataia, Kilicia, Tiaanitid and Harsavritid. The names of the other five were: Avanesen, Sargarassen, Samaen, Hamanene, and Mormena.
In troubled time after the death of Ariarat IV (-), Cappadocia was in the power of Ponta, which happened due to the active activities of the aforementioned Pontic Tsar Farnaka I.
The widow of Ariarat V Philopatar Laodice (Nisa?) To extend the time of his reign, killed one after the other five of his sons. V - years BC. e. Power in the country actually remained in her hands, to then move to her sixth son Ariarat Vi. The king of the neighboring Ponta Mithridat V Evergieta introduced into the capadokia troops, "to support the young heir," and then married him on his daughter Laodice.
According to historians, one of the sources of the country's income was the slave trade, which was organized by the kings of Cappadocia and Viphini, filling, for example, the slave market of Delic Island, which delivered slaves in Rome. The poets of Horace, Persia, Marzial, Juvenal mention about Cappadocian slaves.
Main dates
List of kapadokia rulers
Persian satrages Cappadocia- Ariarat IV ESEB.
- Ariarat v Philopatet
- Ariarat VII Philometer
- EVMEM. (323-316 BC. Er)
- Amita (302-301 BC er) - governor
- Regent Gordians (101-96 BC er)
- Ariarat IX. (96-95 BC. Er)
- Ariarat VIII. (secondary; 95-86 BC.)
- Ariobarzan I Philoroman (95-62 BC. Er)
- Ariobarzan II Philopatet (62-52 BC. Er)
- Arobarzan III. (52-42 BC er)
- Ariarat X. (42-36 BC. Er)
- Archelay (36 BC. E. - 17 N. E.; Did not occur from the kind of Ariobarzanov). Spouse - Pyfodorid.
- Seinery of Arzruni (1022-1026).
- David, Son (1026-1065).
- Atom, Son (1065-1083)
- Abusakhl, brother (Community: 1065-1083)
From the XI-XV centuries. The active Islamization of these lands begins.
Cave settlements Cappadocia
In world culture
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In literature
In cinema
In computer games
- Cappadocia is one of the locations in the game Assassin's Creed: Revelations
Attractions and tourism
Cappadocia is one of the tourist centers of Turkey. This is due to the presence of unique attractions created by the forces of nature and the hands of a person.
The main groups of the provincial attractions:
- Volcanic landscapes - rocks and remains of bizarre outlines created during the weathering process.
- Cave and underground cities - settlements, cut down in soft rocks rocks or underground.
- Canyons - combine specific weathelation figures and, often, cave settlements.
Most of the sights of Cappadocia is located in the city of Urgüp. Here are the Görem, Pokil, Chavushin, Scientist and other open-air museums.
Tourist service in Cappadocia has been established at the level of the main resorts of Turkey. There are hotels of all kinds, from houses of manor site to specific cave hotels. Transport connection - automotive, buses or minibuses, allows you to get to the main attractions. Tourist offices of various companies are located in all cities, providing guides and all sorts of excursions on the province.
see also
- Great Cappadocians - Church Fathers
- Cappadocyan Greek - is considered possible to surrender.
- Karamanlids are one of the popupadoky population.
- Meteora Monasteries - Another Cave Monastic Complex
Lists:
Notes
- Richard Nelson Frye. . - Verlag C.h.beck, 1984. - P. 70.: "The Position of the Cimmerians in the Great Power Struggle Between Assyria and Urantu Is Not Easy To Determine, But It Sems That The Moved Westward Against Phrygia and Into Cappadocia, From Whence Probably The Name Gomer Came Into The Bible and Gamirk" in Armenian . "
- Schmitt, R. Kappadoker // REALLEXIKON DER ASSYRIOLOGIE UND VORDERASIATISCHEN ARCHÄOLOGIE. - Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1980. - BD. 5. - S. 399. and Summerer, L. Amisos - Eine Griechische Polis Im Land Der Leukosyrer // Pont-Euxin Et Polis: Polis Hellenis et Polis Barbaron. ACTS DU X E Symposium De Vani, 23-26 Septembre 2002: Hommage à Otar Lordkipanidzé et Pierre Lévêque / Kacharava, D.; M. Faudot et E. GENY, ÉD .. - BESANçON: INSTITUT DES SCIENCES ET TECHNIQUES DE L "ANTIQUITÉ, 2005. - P. 129-166. - 298 p. - ISBN 978-2848671062.. According to the older theory ( RUGE, WALTHER. Kappadokia //
Takes its beginning from the depths of centuries. The name "Cappadocia" has a controversial question of its origin. It is believed that such a name of the terrain was given by Hetta. "Cutpatuka" means the "country of beautiful horses" or "the country where good horses were divorced." In principle, this idea has soil. When Hetta came here, the local population has already led a settling lifestyle, studying among other things and breeding horses. Horses, as well as far from their ancestors of Hipparion, were found here from time immemorial. Therefore, the local population, of course, mastered this branch of animal husbandry.
However, linguistic research leads still theories. For example, in 2000 BC. In this area, faith in the goddess Khepat (Kuta-Khepat, i.e. Sacred Khepat). Perhaps this is the basis that later in Ellinsky was transformed into "Cappadocia". And it means "Country / People of Sacred Hepat".
If scientists will not come to the general denominator with the origin of the name, then with the formation of a local unique landscape more or less clearly. A long time ago, in the 3rd geological period, millions of years ago, the average Anatolian Plateau was the sea, located on the plain and surrounded by forests, where Mastadonts, Hipparion (horses ancestors) lived, etc. Livingness of that time. As a result of geological catatatas and raising mountain varieties of Toros in the south, a volcanic chain is formed in the area, incl. Now, healthy (but glory to you, Lord, inactive) Volcanoes Erdjijas (3917 m), Hassan (3268 m) and Mellendes (2935 m). Approximately 10 million years ago, these volcanoes were very active. As a result of their activities, an incredible amount of ashes was thrown and lolung. All this was postponed in the layers. As a result, this area rose 200 m from the initial level. Over the years, the ashes turned into a tuff, Lava to Basalt. Under the influence of wind, rains, erosion erosion occurred. Tuf - very fertile material for this business. As a result, this unrealistic surrealistic area appeared on the light of God called: all these magic fay pipes (in Turkish is called, Peribaclar / Peribadzhalar, or in English Fairy Chimneys) unthinkable canyons, valleys, unrealistic figures. Unfortunately, the fact that once created this fantastic locality, it will destroy it. Erosion continues, which means, someday all this beauty will disappear.
peribadjalar
People lived in this area from time immemorial. They were engaged in collecting, hunting, fishing. They settled along the main water source of the Kyzylirmak River, leading mainly a nomadic lifestyle. Gradually, people began to master the fertile local soils, which led to their complete settling, and the emergence of populated areas. Thanks to the Archaeological Institute of Ankara's work, various stone items belonging to Paleolithic were found from 1964. As well as the settlements related to neolithic. The largest of them are Adzhigel, Tatlaryn.
In 4 c. Here 3 Great Cappadocycas lived here: Gregory Nissky, Vasily Kesiairi and Grigory Theologian. They are respected both in the Orthodox and Roman Catholic Church.
Church of the fight against icon painting. Church of St. Vasily. Gomeda Valley
Christianity in Cappadocia bloomed in full color and under the Seljuki, and during Osmans. Islam and Christianity here coexisted in full love and harmony. Love ceased to exist in these places only in the 20th. 20th century with the beginning of a sad page in the history of Turkey, called very neutrally "exchange population", i.e. When actually local Greeks were expelled from Turkey, and Turks from Greece.
Then again the years of oblivion. Monasteries and churches with their unique frescoes are destroyed or adapted by local peasants under storage, sheepskin or pigeon. The tourist boom hit Cappadocia only at the beginning of the 80s. And continues to this day. Hotels and other travel infrastructure are beginning to be built here, some monasteries and churches are restored. Today, Görema National Park (this is almost 300 square meters. Km) is in the UNESCO World Heritage List.