The bay stretches from northwest to southeast. Separated in the eastern part from the Gulf of Onego Ivanovo islands  and communicates in the southeast with the central part of Lake Onega with a strait of 2 km wide and 23 m deep. The banks of the lips are high, slightly indented, gently sloping at the sands.

A lip protrudes into the western shore of Lake Onega between the cape Wooden  in the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Derevyannoe and the cape Shuynavolok  on the Baranniy Peninsula. The rivers Lososinka, Neglinka, Selga River (Udega), Studenets (Sulazhgorka), Vilda, Bolshoi and Kamenny streams flow into the Petrozavodsk Bay. Also, the inflow is carried out from Lake Logmozero, connected to the Gulf of Solomensky Strait.

Guba serves industrial, transport and recreational purposes for residents of Petrozavodsk, water is drawn from its waters for the needs of the city. Maximum depths are more than 25 m.

Climate

The bay is usually covered with ice in early December, opened in early May. In September-November, storms are frequent, often ending in the destruction of coastal buildings and ships. The storms known are 1841, 1880, 1903, 1923 1935, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1987, 2008. Storms and storms at other times of the year are rarer, however, a storm case is known on July 21, 1860, as a result of which a boat with 6 townspeople sank and damage to the public pier was caused.

The islands

• A small island of artificial origin near the former Avangard plant.

These islands belong to the territory of Petrozavodsk.

Banks and Reefs

• Zimnik Bank, with the smallest depth of 2 m, is 3 miles from Cape Shuynavolok.
• Shuynavoloksky Reef is located near Cape Shuynavolok, next to Hare Bay.

Piers and marinas

Lighthouses

Since the 1920s, there were water lines inside the Petrozavodsk Bay - passenger pier - Sands - Straw (until 1962), passenger pier - Devil's chair (weekend line, until mid-1977), passenger pier - Zimnik (until 2005) - Lamb Coast (until 2009).

In 1960, the first high-speed hydrofoil ship, the Rocket, appeared in the bay, since 1964 the Meteors, since 1966 the Comets, and since 1986 the Colchis. Currently, there are high-speed water lines to Kizhi, Sennaya Bay, the Great Bay and Shalu.

In the post-war period, pleasure trips along the Petrozavodsk Bay were widely developed on displacement and high-speed vessels, which are now almost completely discontinued.

There are several marinas for private small fleet, yachts and small hydroplanes.

The history of intercity passenger water lines within the bay

Until the 1920s, there were irregular pleasure trips on steamers to Solomennoye, often charitable, with fundraising to help orphans, military personnel, etc., also in the 1910s, the Solomenka steamers owned by the Solomennoye sawmill, and the Neglin steamer, owned by the Oloniya Timber Mill on Neglin Island, transported workers from these factories from the city to and from the city.

Since the beginning of 1923, the North-Western River Shipping Company opened a line from the passenger jetty to Solomennoye, the Shipovka steamer worked on it, since 1925 some of the flights were extended along the Logmozero to the Shuya River.

Since 1928, the Kudama steamer has been operating on the line, at the same time flights started approaching Zimnik marina, as well as weekend flights to Peski and Devil Stool marinas (both the SZRP steamboats and the Karelian OSVOD motorboats - lake trams “Soviet Karelia” and No. 2).

In winter, from February 1929, a bus line to Solomennoye was opened on the ice of the Petrozavodsk Bay, flights were carried out before the construction of the road to Solomennoye.

From the end of the 1920s, the cargo-passenger ship “Work Leader” (later named since 1933 - “Nuorteva”, since 1938 - “Onegets”) worked on the line.

In the 1930s, the Rosa Luxemburg and Petrozavodsk steamboats also went on the line

In the late 1950s, there was a walking line along the Petrozavodsk Bay, on which the Komsomolets boat belonging to the Petrozavodsk Park of Culture and Rest operated. He set off from the pier PKiO.

In 1959, the Okun boat began to operate on the Petrozavodsk-Zimnik-Baraniy Bereg line, and from the 1960s the motor ships Lermontov, Dnepro-Bug, Om-337 and Om-344 of the Om type, Mo - 94, M-172.

In 1960-1962, there was a five-seat taxi boat service operating on the routes Petrozavodsk-Baraniy Bereg, Petrozavodsk-Zimnik, Petrozavodsk-Chertov Stul, Petrozavodsk-Solomennoe.

In 1962, the Petrozavodsk-Solomennoye line was closed due to loss-making. The pier and the passenger pavilion from Solomennoye were transported to the Devil's Chair, where weekend flights began to operate (until 1977).

There were plans to build new passenger marinas in Saynavolok and Klyuchevnaya with the organization of a round-trip weekend line Saynavolok - Klyuchevaya - Water Station - Sands - Straw - Devil's Chair - Zimnik - Baraniy Bereg - Saynavolok.

Also, in the 1960-1970s, additional flights on the Petrozavodsk-Zimnik-Baraniy Bereg line were serviced by Mezen, Sputnik, and Klaipeda service motor ships.

From the late 1970s, the Belomorye motor ship (type Alexander Green) also operated on the line - the water station-Zimnik-Baraniy Bereg - water station on the circular line. Since 1985, he was replaced by Moskovsky-2. In the 1990s, the service and support "Captain Zaonegin" also worked on the line.

In 2004, flights to Zimnik were discontinued due to the destruction of the pier by the elements, only the line to Baraniy Bereg remained.

In 2006, the Belomorsko-Onega Shipping Company shopping mall planned to organize flights to Zimnik on the Khivus-10-70 hovercraft, but only a few flights were made. In 2008, the Belomorye vessel began to serve the line instead of Moskovsky-2, and in 2009 the Kizhi necklace (Moskovsky-23). In 2010, the intra-city water line water station - Baraniy Bereg was finally closed due to the refusal of Kareliaflot LLC from its earlier obligations to carry out transportation. With the closure of this line, regular passenger traffic inside the bay was discontinued.

Currently, the Baraniy Bereg berth in unsatisfactory condition has been preserved from the passenger marinas in the Petrozavodsk Bay (except for the berths of the water station).

Using

From the 1930s to 1977, a hydroport operated in the water area of \u200b\u200bthe Petrozavodsk Bay, and a small hydro-air site in Saynavolok, until the 1980s, an ice platform for An-2 aircraft.

Previously, there was fishing with a number of fishing collective farms in the Prionezhsky region, at present - only recreational fishing.

In winter, the lip is actively used by lovers of winter sports.

Beaches and vacation spots

On the banks of the bay there are Sands beach, popular among the townspeople, and places of rest - Zimnik, Baraniy Bereg, Saynavolok, Devil's Chair.

Memorable events and places

• The crash site on August 25, 1932 of a motor boat with workers heading for logging to Baraniy Bereg. Killed 6 people, including 4 foreign workers. Four people were saved by the Osnova boat that came to the rescue.
• Place of death of a barge with evacuated residents of Petrozavodsk. In September 1941, a barge towed by a Kingisepp steamer was subjected to the fire of a Finnish artillery battery in the Ivanovo Islands, killing more than 100 people.
• The landing site of the Onega military flotilla on June 28, 1944.
• The storm of 1977, as a result of which the Petrozavodsk hydroport and seaplanes suffered, was one of the reasons for the liquidation of the port.
• Museum lake icebreaker "Neva" of project 16 type "Don" built in 1958 and the museum center "Polar Odyssey".

Climate

Usually covered with ice in November-December, opened in early May. In September-November, storms are frequent, often ending in the destruction of coastal buildings and ships. The storms known are 1841, 1880, 1903, 1923 1935, 1973, 1975, 1977, 2008. Storms and storms at other times of the year are rarer, however, a storm event is known on July 21, 1860, as a result of which a boat with 6 townspeople sank and damage to the public pier was caused.

The islands

• A small island of artificial origin near the former Avangard plant.

All islands belong to the territory of Petrozavodsk.

Banks and Reefs

• Zimnik Bank, with the smallest depth of 2 m, is 3 miles from Cape Shuynavolok.
• Shuynavoloksky Reef is located near Cape Shuynavolok, next to Hare Bay.

Piers and marinas

Petrozavodsk Bay of Lake Onega

Lighthouses

Finnish towed lighter towing

Since the 1920s, there were water lines inside the Petrozavodsk Bay - passenger pier - Sands - Straw (until 1962), passenger pier - Devil's chair (weekend line, until mid-1977), passenger pier - Zimnik (until 2005) - Lamb Coast (until 2009).

In 1960, the first high-speed hydrofoil ship, the Rocket, appeared in the bay, since 1964 the Meteors, since 1966 the Comets, and since 1986 the Colchis. Currently, there are high-speed water lines to Kizhi, Sennaya Bay, the Great Bay and Shalu.

In the post-war period, pleasure trips along the Petrozavodsk Bay were widely developed on displacement and high-speed vessels, which are now almost completely discontinued.

There are several marinas for private small fleet, yachts and small hydroplanes.

The history of intercity passenger water lines within the bay

Until the 1920s, irregular pleasure trips were carried out on steamboats to Solomennoye, often of a charitable nature, with fundraising to help orphans, military personnel, etc., also in the 1910s, a steamer belonging to the Solomenny timber mill transported from the city to factory and back workers of this factory. Since the beginning of 1923, the North-Western River Shipping Company opened a line from the passenger jetty to Solomennoye, the Shipovka steamer operated on it, since 1925 some of the flights were extended along the Logmozero to Shui.

Since 1928, the Kudama steamer has been operating on the line, at the same time flights started approaching Zimnik pier, as well as weekend flights to Peski and Devil Stool marinas (both NWRW steamers and Karelian OSVOD motor boats, lake trams “Soviet Karelia” and No. 2).

In winter, from February 1929, a bus line to Solomennoye was opened on the ice of the Petrozavodsk Bay, flights were carried out before the construction of the road to Solomennoye.

From the end of the 1920s, the cargo-passenger ship “Work Leader” (later named since 1933 - “Nuorteva”, since 1938 - “Onegets”) worked on the line. In the 1930s, the Rosa Luxemburg and Petrozavodsk steamboats also went on the line

In the summer of 1941, the White Sea-Onego Shipping Company arranged the Sands pier with the organization of a passenger pavilion and ticket offices, however, due to the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War and small passenger traffic, regular traffic to the pier was stopped.

In the post-war period, since 1945, the steamer of the White Sea-Onego Shipping Company “Narva” operated on the Petrozavodsk-Solomennoye-Zimnik line, which was replaced in 1946 by the “Dzhambul” received from reparations from Finland. The steamboat also began to enter the ram of Baraniy Bereg.

In 1959, the Okun boat began to operate on the Petrozavodsk-Zimnik-Baraniy Bereg line, and from the 1960s the motor ships Lermontov, Dnepro-Bug, Om-337 and Om-344 of the Om type, Mo- 94, M-172.

In 1960-1962, there was a five-seat taxi boat service operating on the routes Petrozavodsk-Baraniy Bereg, Petrozavodsk-Zimnik, Petrozavodsk-Chertov Stul, Petrozavodsk-Solomennoe.

In 1962, the Petrozavodsk-Solomennoye line was closed due to loss-making. The pier and the passenger pavilion from Solomennoye were transported to the Devil's Chair, where weekend flights began to operate (until 1977).

There were plans to build new passenger marinas in Saynavolok and Klyuchevnaya with the organization of a round-trip weekend line Saynavolok - Klyuchevaya - Water Station - Sands - Straw - Devil's Chair - Zimnik - Baraniy Bereg - Saynavolok.

Also, in the 1960-1970s, additional flights on the Petrozavodsk-Zimnik-Baraniy Bereg line were serviced by Mezen, Sputnik, and Klaipeda service motor ships.

From the late 1970s, the Belomorye motor ship (type Alexander Green) also operated on the line - the water station-Zimnik-Baraniy Bereg - water station on the circular line. Since 1985, he was replaced by Moskovsky-2. In the 1990s, the service and support "Captain Zaonegin" also worked on the line.

In 2004, flights to Zimnik were discontinued due to the destruction of the pier by the elements, only the line to Baraniy Bereg remained.

In 2006, the Belomorsko-Onega Shipping Company shopping mall planned to organize flights to Zimnik on the Khivus-10-70 hovercraft, but only a few flights were made. In 2008, the Belomorye vessel began to serve the line instead of Moskovsky-2, and in 2009 the Kizhi necklace (Moskovsky-23). In 2010, the inter-city water line water station - Baraniy Bereg was finally closed due to the refusal of LLC Kareliyaflot of its earlier obligations to carry out transportation. With the closure of this line, regular passenger traffic inside the bay was discontinued.

Currently, Baraniy Bereg berth in unsatisfactory condition has been preserved from the passenger marinas in the Petrozavodsk Bay (except for the berths of the water station).

Using

From the 1930s to 1977, a seaport operated in the waters of the Petrozavodsk Bay, until the 1980s, an ice platform for An-2 aircraft.

Previously, there was fishing with a number of fishing collective farms in the Prionezhsky district, at present - only recreational fishing.

In winter, the lip is actively used by lovers of winter sports.

Beaches and vacation spots

On the banks of the bay are the popular Sands beach and places of rest - Lamb Beach, Saynavolok, Devil's Chair.

Memorable events and places

• The crash site on August 25, 1932 of a motor boat with workers heading for logging to Baraniy Bereg. Killed 6 people, including 4 foreign workers. 4 people were saved by the Osnova boat that came to the rescue.
• Place of death of a barge with evacuated residents of Petrozavodsk. In September 1941, a barge towed by a Kingisepp steamer was exposed to the fire of a Finnish battery in the Ivanovo Islands region, killing more than 100 people.
• The landing site of the Onega military flotilla on June 28, 1944
• Storm 1977 - Petrozavodsk seaport and seaplanes suffered, was one of the reasons for the liquidation of the port.

Petrozavodsk Bay
Petrozavodsk Bay (view from Pushkinskaya street)
Petrozavodsk Bay (view from Pushkinskaya street)
 /  / 61.77833; 34.51083Coordinates:
Upstream water area	Lake Onega
The country	Russia 22x20px  Russia
Area	180 km²
Average depth	20.0 m
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K: Water features alphabetically

The water area of \u200b\u200bthe Petrozavodsk Bay (view of Petrozavodsk)

Petrozavodsk Bay  - a bay in the northwestern part of Lake Onega on the territory of the Republic of Karelia.

The city of Petrozavodsk is located on the northwestern shore of the bay. Before the appearance of the settlement on the shore of the gulf, which gave the name to the city, the gulf was called the Solomenskaya Bay or Solomyalakhta (Karel. Lahti - gulf).

The bay stretches from northwest to southeast. Separated in the eastern part from the Gulf of Onego Ivanovo islands  and communicates in the southeast with the central part of Lake Onega with a strait of 2 km wide and 23 m deep. The banks of the lips are high, slightly indented, gently sloping at the sands.

A lip protrudes into the western shore of Lake Onega between the cape Wooden  in the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Derevyannoe and the cape Shuynavolok  on the Baranniy Peninsula. The rivers Lososinka, Neglinka, Selga River (Udega), Studenets (Sulazhgorka), Vilda, Bolshoi and Kamenny streams flow into the Petrozavodsk Bay. Also, the inflow is carried out from Lake Logmozero, connected to the Gulf of Solomensky Strait.

Guba serves industrial, transport and recreational purposes for residents of Petrozavodsk, water is drawn from its waters for the needs of the city. Maximum depths are more than 25 m.

Climate

The bay is usually covered with ice in early December, opened in early May. In September-November, storms are frequent, often ending in the destruction of coastal buildings and ships. The storms known are 1841, 1880, 1903, 1923 1935, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1987, 2008. Storms and storms at other times of the year are rarer, however, a storm case is known on July 21, 1860, as a result of which a boat with 6 townspeople sank and damage to the public pier was caused.

The islands

• A small island of artificial origin near the former Avangard plant.

These islands belong to the territory of Petrozavodsk.

Banks and Reefs

• Zimnik Bank, with the smallest depth of 2 m, is 3 miles from Cape Shuynavolok.
• Shuynavoloksky Reef is located near Cape Shuynavolok, next to Hare Bay.

Piers and marinas

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Petrozavodsk Bay of Lake Onega

Lighthouses

Thumbnail creation error: File not found

Finnish towed lighter towing

Since the 1920s, there were water lines inside the Petrozavodsk Bay - passenger pier - Sands - Straw (until 1962), passenger pier - Devil's chair (weekend line, until mid-1977), passenger pier - Zimnik (until 2005) - Lamb Coast (until 2009).

In 1960, the first high-speed hydrofoil ship, the Rocket, appeared in the bay, since 1964 the Meteors, since 1966 the Comets, and since 1986 the Colchis. Currently, there are high-speed water lines to Kizhi, Sennaya Bay, the Great Bay and Shalu.

In the post-war period, pleasure trips along the Petrozavodsk Bay were widely developed on displacement and high-speed vessels, which are now almost completely discontinued.

There are several marinas for private small fleet, yachts and small hydroplanes.

The history of intercity passenger water lines within the bay

Until the 1920s, there were irregular pleasure trips on steamers to Solomennoye, often charitable, with fundraising to help orphans, military personnel, etc., also in the 1910s, the Solomenka steamers owned by the Solomennoye sawmill, and the Neglin steamer, owned by the Oloniya Timber Mill on Neglin Island, transported workers from these factories from the city to and from the city.

Since the beginning of 1923, the North-Western River Shipping Company opened a line from the passenger jetty to Solomennoye, the Shipovka steamer worked on it, since 1925 some of the flights were extended along the Logmozero to the Shuya River.

Since 1928, the Kudama steamer has been operating on the line, at the same time flights started approaching Zimnik marina, as well as weekend flights to Peski and Devil Stool marinas (both the SZRP steamboats and the Karelian OSVOD motorboats - lake trams “Soviet Karelia” and No. 2).

In winter, from February 1929, a bus line to Solomennoye was opened on the ice of the Petrozavodsk Bay, flights were carried out before the construction of the road to Solomennoye.

From the end of the 1920s, the cargo-passenger ship “Work Leader” (later named since 1933 - “Nuorteva”, since 1938 - “Onegets”) worked on the line.

In the 1930s, the Rosa Luxemburg and Petrozavodsk steamboats also went on the line

In the late 1950s, there was a walking line along the Petrozavodsk Bay, on which the Komsomolets boat belonging to the Petrozavodsk Park of Culture and Rest operated. He set off from the pier PKiO.

In 1959, the Okun boat began to operate on the Petrozavodsk-Zimnik-Baraniy Bereg line, and from the 1960s the motor ships Lermontov, Dnepro-Bug, Om-337 and Om-344 of the Om type, Mo - 94, M-172.

In 1960-1962, there was a five-seat taxi boat service operating on the routes Petrozavodsk-Baraniy Bereg, Petrozavodsk-Zimnik, Petrozavodsk-Chertov Stul, Petrozavodsk-Solomennoe.

In 1962, the Petrozavodsk-Solomennoye line was closed due to loss-making. The pier and the passenger pavilion from Solomennoye were transported to the Devil's Chair, where weekend flights began to operate (until 1977).

There were plans to build new passenger marinas in Saynavolok and Klyuchevnaya with the organization of a round-trip weekend line Saynavolok - Klyuchevaya - Water Station - Sands - Straw - Devil's Chair - Zimnik - Baraniy Bereg - Saynavolok.

Also, in the 1960-1970s, additional flights on the Petrozavodsk-Zimnik-Baraniy Bereg line were serviced by Mezen, Sputnik, and Klaipeda service motor ships.

From the late 1970s, the Belomorye motor ship (type Alexander Green) also operated on the line - the water station-Zimnik-Baraniy Bereg - water station on the circular line. Since 1985, he was replaced by Moskovsky-2. In the 1990s, the service and support "Captain Zaonegin" also worked on the line.

In 2004, flights to Zimnik were discontinued due to the destruction of the pier by the elements, only the line to Baraniy Bereg remained.

In 2006, the Belomorsko-Onega Shipping Company shopping mall planned to organize flights to Zimnik on the Khivus-10-70 hovercraft, but only a few flights were made. In 2008, the Belomorye vessel began to serve the line instead of Moskovsky-2, and in 2009 the Kizhi necklace (Moskovsky-23). In 2010, the inter-city water line water station - Baraniy Bereg was finally closed due to the refusal of LLC Kareliyaflot of its earlier obligations to carry out transportation. With the closure of this line, regular passenger traffic inside the bay was discontinued.

Currently, the Baraniy Bereg berth in unsatisfactory condition has been preserved from the passenger marinas in the Petrozavodsk Bay (except for the berths of the water station).

Using

From the 1930s to 1977 in the waters of the Petrozavodsk Bay there was a hydroport and a small hydro-air site in Saynavolok, until the 1980s - an ice platform for An-2 aircraft.

Previously, there was fishing with a number of fishing collective farms in the Prionezhsky region, at present - only recreational fishing.

In winter, the lip is actively used by lovers of winter sports.

Beaches and vacation spots

On the banks of the bay there are Sands beach, popular among the townspeople, and places of rest - Zimnik, Baraniy Bereg, Saynavolok, Devil's Chair.

Memorable events and places

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Lake icebreaker "Neva"

• The crash site on August 25, 1932 of a motor boat with workers heading for logging to Baraniy Bereg. Killed 6 people, including 4 foreign workers. Four people were saved by the Osnova boat that came to the rescue.
• Place of death of a barge with evacuated residents of Petrozavodsk. In September 1941, a barge towed by a Kingisepp steamer was subjected to the fire of a Finnish artillery battery in the Ivanovo Islands region, killing more than 100 people.
• The landing site of the Onega military flotilla on June 28, 1944.
• The storm of 1977, as a result of which the Petrozavodsk hydroport and seaplanes suffered, was one of the reasons for the liquidation of the port.
• Museum lake icebreaker "Neva" of project 16 type "Don" built in 1958 and the museum center "Polar Odyssey".

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Notes

Literature

• Lakes of Karelia / Alexandrov B.M., Zytsar N.A., Novikov P.I., Pokrovsky V.V., Pravdin I.F. - Petrozavodsk: State Publishing House of the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, 1959. - P. 86-135. - 618 p. - 3000 copies.
• Biske G. S. Grigoriev S. V. Malinina T. I. Smirnov A. F. Epstein E. M. Lake Onega. Petrozavodsk: Karelia., 1975.168 s.

References

Excerpt from Petrozavodsk Bay

After the senseless and terrible death of Magdalene, the entire inner world of Svetodar turned into a continuous pain ... His wounded soul did not want to put up with such an unjust loss. And although Uncle Radan had been preparing him for such an opportunity for a long time - the misfortune had come upon the youth as a hurricane of unbearable torment, from which there was no escape ... His soul suffered, writhing in powerless anger, for nothing could be changed ... nothing could be returned back. His wonderful, gentle mother went to a distant and unfamiliar world, taking with him her cute little sister ...
  He was now left all alone in this cruel, cold reality, not even having time to become a real adult man, and not being able to well understand how to stay alive in all this hatred and hostility ...
  But the blood of Radomir and Magdalen apparently flowed not in vain in their only son - having suffered his pain and remaining as stubborn, Svetodar even surprised Radan, who (like no one else!) Knew how deeply vulnerable the soul could be, and how hard it is sometimes given returning back to the place where there are no longer those whom you loved and for whom you so sincerely and deeply yearned ...
  Svetodar did not want to surrender to the grace of grief and pain ... The more mercilessly his life “beat”, the more fiercely he tried to fight, knowing the paths to the Light, to Good, and to the salvation of human souls lost in the darkness ... People walked towards him begging for help. Someone was eager to get rid of the disease, someone was eager to cure their heart, well, but someone simply aspired to the Light, which Svetodar so generously shared.
  Radan's anxiety grew. The fame of the “miracles” performed by his careless nephew exceeded the Iberian Mountains ... More and more sufferers wished to turn to the newly-minted “miracle worker”. And he, as if not noticing the imminent danger, and further refused no one, confidently walking in the footsteps of the deceased Radomir ...
A few more alarming years passed. Svetodar was growing up, becoming stronger and calmer. Together with Radan, they long ago moved to Occitania, where even the air seemed to breathe in the teachings of his mother - the untimely dead Magdalene. The surviving Knights of the Temple with open arms took her son, vowing to keep him, and help him, as far as they have the strength to do so.
  And then one day, the day came when Radan felt a real, openly threatening danger ... It was the eighth anniversary of the death of Golden Mary and Vesta - beloved mother and sister of Svetodar ...

  “Look, Isidora ...” the North said quietly. “I'll show you if you wish.”
  A bright, but dreary, lively picture immediately appeared in front of me ...
  Gloomy, misty mountains were generously sprinkled with annoying, drizzling rain, leaving a feeling of insecurity and sadness in the soul ... A gray, impenetrable haze wrapped nearby castles into cocoons of fog, turning them into lonely experience guarding eternal peace in the valley ... Valley of Mages glanced gloomily to a cloudy, bleak picture, recalling the bright, joyful days illuminated by the rays of the hot summer sun ... And from this, everything around us became even sadder and even sadder.
  A tall and slender young man stood with a frozen “statue” at the entrance of a familiar cave, not moving or giving any sign of life, like a woeful stone statue, knocked out by an unknown master directly in the same cold stone rock ... I realized - it was probably an adult Svetodar. He looked mature and strong. Imperious and at the same time very kind ... A proud, high-raised head spoke of fearlessness and honor. Very long blond hair, tied to his forehead with a red ribbon, flowed heavy waves over his shoulders, making him look like the ancient king ... the proud descendant of Meravingles. Leaning against a wet stone, Svetodar stood, not feeling either cold or moisture, or rather - not feeling anything ...
  Here, exactly eight years ago, his mother, Golden Mary, and his little sister, the bold, affectionate Vesta, died ... They died, brutally and vilely killed by a crazy, evil man ... sent by the “fathers” of the holy church. Magdalen did not live to embrace her mature son, as boldly and faithfully as she, walking along the familiar road of Light and Knowledge .... Along the cruel earthly road, bitterness and loss ...

“Svetodar never could forgive himself for not being here when they needed his protection,” the North continued quietly again. - Guilt and bitterness gnawed at his pure, warm heart, forcing him to fight even more fiercely with nonhumans, who called themselves "servants of God", "savior" of the human soul ... He clenched his fists and swore to himself for the thousandth time that he would "rebuild" this "wrong" earthly world! Destroy everything false, "black" and evil in him ...
  On the broad chest of Svetodar, the bloody cross of the Knights of the Temple ... the Cross of memory of Magdalene. And no earthly force could make him forget the oath of chivalry. How kind and gentle to bright and honest people was his young heart, so ruthless and harsh was his cold brain to the traitors and "servants" of the church. Svetodar was too decisive and strict in relation to himself, but surprisingly patient and kind towards others. And only people without conscience and honor caused him a real hostility. He did not forgive betrayal and falsehood in any of their manifest forms, and fought against this shame of a man by all possible means, sometimes even knowing that he could lose.
  Suddenly, through a gray veil of rain, a strange, unprecedented water ran down a cliff overhanging directly above it, the dark spray of which sprinkled the walls of the cave, leaving terrible brown drops on it ... Svetodar, who had gone deep into himself, at first did not pay attention to it, but then looking at it better, he started; the water was dark red! It flowed from the mountain with a stream of dark “human blood”, as if the Earth itself, unable to withstand the meanness and cruelty of man, opened up with the wounds of all its sins ... After the first stream, the second ... the third ... the fourth ... So far the whole mountain not streamed with streams of red water. She was very much ... It seemed that the holy blood of Magdalene called for vengeance, reminding the living of her grief! .. In the lowlands, seething red streams merged into one, filling the wide river Aude, which, paying no attention to anything , swam majestically to itself, washing along the path the walls of the old Carcassonne, blowing its streams further into the warm blue sea ...

Red clay in Occitania

  (Having visited these sacred places, I managed to find out that the water in the mountains of Occitania turns red due to red clay. But the sight of the running "bloody" water really made a very strong impression ...).
  Suddenly Svetodar listened warily ... but then he smiled warmly.
  “Are you saving me again, uncle? .. I told you a long time ago - I don't want to hide!”
Radan stepped out from behind a stone ledge, shaking his gray-headed head sadly. Years did not spare him, leaving a hard imprint of anxiety and loss on his bright face ... He no longer seemed that happy young man, that ever-laughing sun-Radan who could once melt even the stalest heart. Now it was a Warrior hardened by adversity, trying by any means to save his dearest treasure - the son of Radomir and Magdalene, the only living reminder of their tragic lives ... their courage ... their light and their love.
  “You have a Debt, Lightfare ... Just like mine.” You have to survive. Whatever it costs. Because if you don’t die, it will mean that your father and mother died in vain. That scoundrels and cowards won our war ... You have no right to this, my boy!
  “You are mistaken, uncle.” I have my right to do so, since this is my life! And I won’t let anyone write laws for her in advance. My father lived his short life, obeying the will of others ... Just like my poor mother. Only because by someone else's decision they saved those who hated them. But I do not intend to submit to the will of one person, even if this person is my grandfather. This is my life, and I will live it as I see fit and honest! .. Sorry, Uncle Radan!
  Svetodar got excited. His young mind was indignant against the influence of others on his own fate. According to the law of youth, he wanted to decide for himself, not allowing someone from the outside to influence his valuable life. Radan only smiled sadly, watching his courageous pet ... In Svetodar there was enough of everything - strength, intelligence, endurance and perseverance. He wanted to live his life honestly and openly ... only, unfortunately, he still did not understand that there could be no open war with those who hunted him. Just because it was precisely they who had no honor, no conscience, no heart ...
  “Well, in your own way, you're right, my boy ... This is your life.” And no one can live it, except you ... I'm sure you will live it worthily. Just be careful, Svetodar - the blood of your father flows in you, and our enemies will never back down to destroy you. Take care of yourself, my dear.
Patting his nephew on the shoulder, Radan sadly stepped aside and disappeared behind a ledge of stone rock. A second later there was a scream and heavy fuss. Something fell heavily to the ground and silence came ... Svetodar darted at the sound, but it was too late. On the stone floor of the cave, locked in the last embrace, lay two bodies, one of which was a stranger, dressed in a cloak with a red cross, the second was ... Radan. Screaming piercingly, Svetodar rushed to the body of his uncle, who was completely motionless, as if life had already left him, not even allowing him to say goodbye. But, as it turned out, Radan was still breathing.
  - Uncle, please don’t leave me! .. But not you ... I beg you, don’t leave me, uncle!
  Svetodar confusedly squeezed him in his strong male arms, carefully rocking him like a small child. Just as Radan once shook it so many times ... It was evident that Radan left life, drop by drop flowing out of his weakened body with a golden stream ... And even now, knowing that he was dying, he was only worried about one thing - how to save Svetodar ... How to explain to him in those remaining few seconds what he could not convey for all his long twenty-five years? .. And how will he tell Mary and Radomir, there, in that other, an unfamiliar world that failed to save himself, that their son was now left completely alone? ..

Dagger of Radan

  - Listen, son ... This man - he is not the Knight of the Temple. - pointing to the murdered, Radan said hoarsely. - I know them all - he is a stranger ... Tell this to Gundomer ... He will help ... Find them ... or they will find you. And best of all - go away, Svetodarushka ... Go to the Gods. They will protect you. This place is flooded with our blood ... there is too much of it ... go away, dear ...
  Slowly, Radan's eyes closed. A knightly dagger fell to the ground with a ringing, powerless hand. He was very unusual ... Svetodar looked more closely - it simply couldn’t be! .. Such weapons belonged to a very narrow circle of knights, only to those who once knew John personally - at the end of the hilt there was a gilded crowned head ...
Svetodar knew for sure - Radan had not had this blade for a long time (he had once remained in the body of his enemy). So today, in defense, he snatched out the killer’s weapon? .. But how could it fall into someone else’s hands ?! Could any of the knights of the Temple he knew betray the cause for which they all lived ?! Svetodar did not believe this. He knew these people as he knew himself. None of them could commit such a low meanness. They could only be killed, but it was impossible to force to betray. In that case - who was the man who owned this special dagger ?!
  Radan lay motionless and calm. All earthly worries and bitterness left him forever ... His face hardened over the years became smoother, again resembling that joyful young Radan whom the Golden Mary loved so much and whom his dead brother, Radomir adored with all his soul ... He again seemed happy and bright as if there was no terrible misfortune nearby, as if everything was joyful and calm again in his soul ...
  Svetodar knelt, not uttering a word. His dead body was only slowly swaying from side to side, as if helping himself to survive, survive this heartless, vile blow ... Here, in the same cave, Magdalene was gone eight years ago ... And now he said goodbye to his last dear man remaining truly all alone. Radan was right - this place absorbed too much of their family blood ... Not without reason, even the streams turned purple ... as if to say that he was leaving ... And he never came back.
  I was shaking in some strange fever ... It was scary! It was completely inadmissible and incomprehensible - we were called people after all !!! And after all, should there somewhere be the limit of human meanness and betrayal?
  “How could you live with this for so long, Sever?” All these years, knowing this, how did you manage to remain so calm ?!
  He only smiled sadly, not answering my question. And I, sincerely surprised at the courage and resilience of this wondrous man, discovered for myself a whole new side of his selfless and hard life ... his surrendering and pure soul ....
- After the murder of Radan, several more years passed. Svetodar avenged his death by finding a killer. As he suggested, it was not one of the Knights of the Temple. But they never knew who the person really sent to them was. Only one thing nevertheless became known - before killing Radan, he also vilely destroyed the magnificent, bright Knight, who had been walking with them from the very beginning. Destroyed only in order to take possession of his cloak and weapons, and create the impression that Radan killed his ...
  A heap of these bitter events poisoned the soul of Svetodar with losses. He had only one consolation - his pure, true love ... His sweet, tender Margarita ... She was a wonderful Qatari girl, a follower of the teachings of Golden Mary. And she somehow elusively resembled Magdalen ... Either it was the same long golden hair, or the softness and unhurriedness of her movements, or maybe just the tenderness and femininity of her face, but Svetodar very often found himself looking for her long gone, dear to her heart memories ... A year later they had a girl. They called her Mary.
  As promised to Radan, little Maria was taken to nice courageous people - Cathars - whom Svetodar knew very well and whom he fully trusted. They pledged to raise Mary as their daughter, no matter what it costs them, or whatever it threatens them with. Since then, it has been the case - as soon as a new child was born in the line of Radomir and Magdalene, he was given up for education to people whom the “holy” church did not know about and did not suspect. And this was done in order to preserve their priceless lives, to give them the opportunity to live to the end. No matter how happy or sad he may be ...
  “How could they give their children, North?” Did their parents never see them again? .. - I asked in shock.
  - Well, why, have not you seen? Seen it. It’s simple, each fate turned out differently ... Later, some of the parents generally lived nearby, especially the mother. And sometimes there were cases that they were arranged even with the same people who raised their child. They lived in different ways ... Only one thing never changed - the minions of the church did not get tired of following their tracks like bloodhounds, not missing the slightest opportunity to destroy parents and children who carried the blood of Radomir and Magdalene, fiercely hating even this for himself small, just born child ...
“How often did they die — descendants?” Did anyone stay alive and live their lives to the end? Have you helped them, North? Did Meteora help them? .. - I literally bombarded him with a hail of questions, unable to stop my burning curiosity.
  The North thought for a moment, then said sadly:
  “We tried to help ... but many of them did not want this.” I think the news of the father who gave his son to death, lived for centuries in their hearts, not forgiving us, and not forgetting. The pain can be cruel, Isidora. She does not forgive mistakes. Especially those that cannot be fixed ...
  “Did you know any of these wondrous descendants, Sever?”
  “Well, of course, Isidora!” We knew everyone, but not all had ever seen. Some, I think, you knew. But first let me finish about Svetodar? His fate was complex and strange. Would you be interested to know about her? - I just nodded, and the North continued ... - After the birth of his wonderful daughter, Svetodar finally decided to fulfill the wish of Radan ... Remember, dying, Radan asked him to go to the Gods?
  “Yes, but was it serious?! .. To which“ gods ”could he send him? After all, there have long been no living Gods on Earth! ..
  “You are not quite right, my friend ... Maybe this is not exactly what people mean by Gods, but on Earth there is always someone who temporarily takes their place.” Who observes that the Earth does not come to a precipice, and that a terrible and premature end does not come to life on it. The world has not yet been born, Isidora, you know that. The earth still needs constant help. But people should not be aware of this ... They should be chosen by themselves. Otherwise, help will only bring harm. Therefore, Radan was not so wrong in sending Svetodara to those who are observing. He knew that Svetodar would never go to us. So I tried to save him, to protect him from misfortune. Svetodar was a direct descendant of Radomir, his first-born son. He was the most dangerous of all, because he was the closest. And if he had been killed, this wonderful and bright Rod would never have continued.

In contact with

Before the appearance of the settlement, which gave the name to the city and the gulf, it was informally called the Solomensky Gulf, the Solomenskaya Bay or Lake Solomyalakhta.

The lip protrudes into the western shore of Lake Onega between Cape Korsolma and Cape Shuynavolok 5.1 miles away from it. Connected with the Logmozero by the Strait of Solomensk. Lososinka, Neglinka, Studenets and a number of other rivers flow into the Petrozavodsk Bay. The lip serves industrial, transport and recreational purposes for the residents of Petrozavodsk, and water is taken from its waters for the needs of the city. Maximum depths are more than 25 m.

Nature

Petrozavodsk Bay is a traditional habitat for fish - smelt, vendace, ruff, perch, roach, three-needle and nine-needle stickleback, sculpin, and bleak. Of the valuable species, Shui whitefish, salmon and others can be distinguished. This is one of the main places for burbot spawning in Lake Onega. Petrozavodsk Bay - the habitat of wild real ducks and gulls. Vegetation - traditional for Lake Onega - sedge, reeds, horsetail, from aquatic plants - Elodea and others.

Shipping

For a long time, the Petrozavodsk Bay was navigable, even before the founding of Petrozavodsk, fishermen hunted in it, and it was also used by the inhabitants of the Shuisky pogost, the monks of the Solovetsky monastery.

With the foundation of the city, the city was supplied mainly by water, and the products of the Petrovsky Plant were also transported by water. The first steamboat (towing) in the waters of the Petrozavodsk Bay appeared in August 1828, and from 1860 the passenger steamboat communication of the Petrozavodsk pier with St. Petersburg, and subsequently with Povenets and Shala, began.

Since the 1920s, there were water lines inside the Petrozavodsk Bay - passenger pier - Sands - Straw (until 1962), passenger pier - Devil's chair (weekend line, until mid-1977), passenger pier - Zimnik (until 2005) - Lamb Coast (until 2009).

Sok Os, CC0 1.0

In 1960, the first high-speed hydrofoil ship, the Rocket, appeared in the bay, since 1964 the Meteors, since 1966 the Comets, and since 1986 the Colchis. Currently, there are high-speed water lines to Kizhi, Sennaya Bay, the Great Bay and Shalu.

In the post-war period, pleasure trips along the Petrozavodsk Bay were widely developed on displacement and high-speed vessels, which are now almost completely discontinued.

There are several marinas for private small fleet, yachts and small hydroplanes.

The history of intercity passenger water lines within the bay

Until the 1920s, irregular pleasure trips were carried out on steamboats to Solomennoye, often of a charitable nature, with fundraising to help orphans, military personnel, etc., also in the 1910s, a steamer belonging to the Solomennoye sawmill transported from the city to factory and back workers of this factory.

Sok Os, CC0 1.0

Since the beginning of 1923, the North-Western River Shipping Company opened a line from the passenger jetty to Solomennoye, the Shipovka steamer operated on it, since 1925 some of the flights were extended along Logmozero to the Shuya River.

Since 1928, the Kudama steamer has been operating on the line, at the same time flights started approaching Zimnik marina, as well as weekend flights to Peski and Devil Stool marinas (both the SZRP steamboats and the Karelian OSVOD motorboats - lake trams “Soviet Karelia” and No. 2).

In winter, from February 1929, a bus line to Solomennoye was opened on the ice of the Petrozavodsk Bay, flights were carried out before the construction of the road to Solomennoye.

From the end of the 1920s, the cargo-passenger ship “Work Leader” (later named since 1933 - “Nuorteva”, since 1938 - “Onegets”) worked on the line.

In the 1930s, the Rosa Luxemburg and Petrozavodsk steamboats also went on the line

In the summer of 1941, the White Sea-Onego Shipping Company arranged the Sands pier with the organization of a passenger pavilion and ticket offices, however, due to the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War and small passenger traffic, regular traffic to the pier was stopped.

In the post-war period, from 1945 on the line Petrozavodsk-Solomennoye-Zimnik the ship of the White Sea-Onego Shipping Company “Narva” operated, which was replaced in 1946 by the “Dzhambul” received from reparations from Finland. The steamboat also began to enter the ram of Baraniy Bereg.

In 1959, the Okun boat began to operate on the Petrozavodsk-Zimnik-Baraniy Bereg line, and from the 1960s the motor ships Lermontov, Dnepro-Bug, Om-337 and Om-344 of the Om type, Mo- 94, M-172.

In 1960-1962, there was a five-seat taxi boat service operating on the routes Petrozavodsk-Baraniy Bereg, Petrozavodsk-Zimnik, Petrozavodsk-Chertov Stul, Petrozavodsk-Solomennoe.

In 1962, the Petrozavodsk-Solomennoye line was closed due to loss-making. The pier and the passenger pavilion from Solomennoye were transported to the Devil's Chair, where weekend flights began to operate (until 1977).

There were plans to build new passenger marinas in Saynavolok and Klyuchevnaya with the organization of a round-trip weekend line Saynavolok - Klyuchevaya - Water Station - Sands - Straw - Devil's Chair - Zimnik - Baraniy Bereg - Saynavolok.

Also, in the 1960s and 1970s, additional flights on the Petrozavodsk-Zimnik-Baraniy Bereg line were serviced by Mezen, Sputnik and Klaipeda service motor ships.

From the end of the 1970s, the Belomorye motor ship (type Alexander Green) also operated on the line - the water station-Zimnik-Baraniy Bereg - water station on the circular line. Since 1985, he was replaced by Moskovsky-2. In the 1990s, the service and support "Captain Zaonegin" also worked on the line.

In 2004, flights to Zimnik were discontinued due to the destruction of the pier by the elements, only the line to Baraniy Bereg remained.

In 2006, the Belomorsko-Onega Shipping Company shopping mall planned to organize flights to Zimnik on the Khivus-10-70 hovercraft, but only a few flights were made. In 2008, the Belomorye vessel began to serve the line instead of Moskovsky-2, and in 2009 the Kizhi necklace (Moskovsky-23). In 2010, the intra-city water line water station - Baraniy Bereg was finally closed due to the refusal of Kareliaflot LLC from its earlier obligations to carry out transportation. With the closure of this line, regular passenger traffic inside the bay was discontinued.

Currently, the Baraniy Bereg berth in unsatisfactory condition has been preserved from the passenger marinas in the Petrozavodsk Bay (except for the berths of the water station).

Using

From the 1930s to 1977, a seaport operated in the waters of the Petrozavodsk Bay, until the 1980s, an ice platform for An-2 aircraft.

Until the 1980s, there was a timber rafting of the Shuy alloy office. On the shores of the lips, various ships were built and tested in the water area - fishing vessels (MPB and others) of the Petrozavodsk shipyard, tugboats and barges of the Petrozavodsk ship-repair and shipbuilding plant, cargo ships and warships of the Avangard plant, currently wooden shipbuilding ships of various shipbuilders in Petrozavodsk. There is a project for the construction and testing of ekranoplanes.

Previously, there was fishing with a number of fishing collective farms in the Prionezhsky region, at present - only recreational fishing.

In winter, the lip is actively used by lovers of winter sports.

Beaches and vacation spots

On the banks of the bay there are Sands beach, popular among the townspeople, and places of rest - Baraniy Bereg, Saynavolok, Devil's Chair.

Photo gallery

Helpful information

Petrozavodsk Bay
Petrozavodsk Bay
before the appearance of the settlement, which gave the name to the city and the gulf, it was unofficially called the Solomensky Gulf, the Solomenskaya Bay or Lake Solomyalakhta

Morphometric parameters

• Mirror surface - 72.6 km²
• The volume of water mass is 1.0 km³
• Coastline - 35 km
• Average depth - 15.0 m

Climate

Usually covered with ice in November-December, opened in early May. In September-November, storms are frequent, often ending in the destruction of coastal buildings and ships. Storms of 1841, 1880, 1903, 1923, 1935, 1973, 1975, 1977, 2008 are known. Storms and storms at other times of the year are rarer, however, a storm case is known on July 21, 1860, as a result of which a boat with 6 townspeople sank and damage was caused public wharf.

The islands

• Neglinny (Kalinina or Neglin) is located in the waters of the Petrozavodsk Bay, 0.6 km from the coast, in the alignment of ul. Krasnodontsev. The second name of the island comes from the surname of the trading peasant Karelian from the village of Ongamuksy of the Transfiguration Volost Alexei Kalinin, who owned the sawmill located on the island before the October Revolution. Subsequently, production buildings of the Petrozavodsk concentration camp of correctional labor (1920s), fuel depots and forests of the White Sea-Onego Shipping Company were located on the island. In 1946, the Solomennoye - Neglin Island water line operated. Currently uninhabited. The island has a navigation sign and a flag of Russia. There are projects connecting the island and the mainland with a bridge with its transformation into a recreation zone.
• Loyostrov is located in the waters of the Petrozavodsk Bay, 0.9 km from the coast, south of the city forest blocks. Previously, there was a marina and fuel depots of BOP. At the southeastern tip of the island there is a nautical sign and flag of Russia. Uninhabited. There were proposals on the arrangement of a historical and cultural center on the island.
• Ivanovo Islands lie at the exit of the Petrozavodsk Bay:
  • Nikolsky. Before the revolution, there was a chapel on the island in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker.
  • Koyvostrov.
  • Mudrostrov.
  • PEDAY.
  • Madostrov.
  • Ivanovsky.

• A small island of artificial origin near the former Avangard plant.

All islands belong to the territory of Petrozavodsk.

Banks and Reefs

• Zimnik Bank, with the smallest depth of 2 m, is 3 miles from Cape Shuynavolok.
• Shuynavoloksky Reef is located near Cape Shuynavolok, next to Hare Bay.

Piers and marinas

• Pier and breakwater
• Pier pump station in the south-east of the city of Petrozavodsk.
• Moorings of the former Avangard plant.
• MOE pier.
• Pier of the former Petrozavodsk shipyard (Varyag CJSC).
• Fish factory pier and the new pier of the yacht club (port "Sands").
• Berth of the Southern cargo area.
• Piers and dam of the Port of Petushka (a half-sunken landing stage, several dilapidated berths).
• Pier city yacht club.
• The pier of the club "Polar Odyssey."
• Moorings of the Onega Shipyard (former piers of the Uritsky cargo area of \u200b\u200bthe Petrozavodsk port and the Petrozavodsk repair and maintenance base of the fleet).
• The passenger marina of Petrozavodsk is equipped off the southwestern coast of the Petrozavodsk Bay. Previously belonged to the Petrozavodsk port.
• Destroyed piers of the old marina and Dynamo water station. In a flooded state, in shallow water, they protrude from the water. In the 1990s, the Odyssey Ark Museum was located in this place.
• Pier of Onega district of the Belomorkanal waterways (in the alignment of Moskovskaya Street)
• Destroyed piers along the Varkaus embankment.
• Pier of the former Northern cargo section of the Petrozavodsk port. Wave breaker (partially built from the pre-war lighter).
• Pier woodworking factory.
• Piers house-building plant.
• Petrozavodskmash pier.
• Debarkader and piers of the former Sands yacht port.
• Pier in the Straw.
• Dilapidated pier at the floating bridge across the Solomensky Strait.
• The remains of the pier Zimnik pier.
• Berth in the ram.

Lighthouses

The first lighthouse in the bay was built by Peter the Great on the top floor of the church in the name of the supreme apostles Peter and Paul in Petrozavodsk. For a long time, the Konstantinovsky lighthouse functioned on the Petrozavodsk pier. Currently, an automatic lighthouse on the Ivanovo Islands has been preserved.

Memorable events and places

• The crash site on August 25, 1932 of a motor boat with workers heading for logging to Baraniy Bereg. Killed 6 people, including 4 foreign workers. Four people were saved by the Osnova boat that came to the rescue.
• Place of death of a barge with evacuated residents of Petrozavodsk. In September 1941, a barge towed by a Kingisepp steamer was subjected to the fire of a Finnish artillery battery in the Ivanovo Islands, killing more than 100 people.
• The landing site of the Onega military flotilla on June 28, 1944.
• The storm of 1977, as a result of which the Petrozavodsk hydroport and seaplanes suffered, was one of the reasons for the liquidation of the port.
• Museum lake icebreaker "Neva" of project 16 type "Don" built in 1958 and the museum center "Polar Odyssey".

EXPEDITION DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS OF THE SEA AND SUSHI WATER

Expedition of the Department of Sea and Water Physics on Lake Onega

On September 14, 2007, 2 fifth-year students and 2 employees of the Department of Sea and Land Physics of the Physics Department of Moscow State University went on an expedition to Lake Onega in Karelia. Evening, Leningradsky station, branded train "Karelia" - and behind all the trouble of preparing for the expedition, sending a car with valuable equipment, signing the latest documents, etc. Ahead is 8 days of hard, but such interesting work.

On September 15, the group arrived aboard the Ecolog ship. After a short rest, they unloaded the car with the equipment and by evening, the entire measuring complex was assembled. On the 16th in the morning the expedition, which included students Dolgopolov Yu.M., Litvinov EA and sns kfmn Budnikov A, A., under the leadership of the vns dfmn B. Samolyubov start of measurement. The work was carried out jointly with the scientific group of the Institute of Northern Water Problems of the Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Lake Onega (Onego) is Europe’s second largest freshwater lake, occupying the 20th largest and 24th largest lake in the world. The length of the lake is 245 km, the width is 88 km, the area is 9943 square meters. km, the maximum depth is 119 m. Lake Onega is a nodal link of a single deep-water system of the European part of Russia, connecting the Baltic and White Seas, as well as having access to the Black and Azov Seas. 52 rivers flow into the lake.

Studies lasted 6 days. On September 17, the group received significant reinforcement in the person of the head of the Department of Physics of the Sea and Land Waters, Professor K.V. Pokaseeva. Konstantin Vasilyevich specially came to Lake Onega to make sure that the expensive modern equipment recently purchased by the department works efficiently and reliably. The fact is that during the expedition a measuring complex was used, which, in addition to the probes and the gradient setup that were used earlier, included new high-precision equipment: a Doppler profiler of the flow velocity RDCP-600 and a multiparameter RCM 9 LW probe.

These devices, manufactured by AANDERAA INSTRUMENTS (Norway), allow recording not only the vertical distributions of the current velocity vector, but also the temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity of the water, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen. All measurements were accompanied by continuous recording of meteorological parameters. Invaluable help in the development of this new equipment was provided by V.V.Elisov, a leading researcher at INFOMAR Company LLC, who was also part of the expedition.

The objectives of the expedition included: 1. Measurements of the distribution of current velocities, concentrations of salts, oxygen, suspended matter and water temperature over the depth of the lake (along the entire length of the studied flows) and the implementation of long-term series of soundings over time. 2. Study of water dynamics and diffusion of impurities to study the mechanisms of mass transfer and to develop methods for predicting the formation of water quality in a lake under the influence of stratified currents.

On the first day of measurements, the Petrozavodsk Bay was surveyed at 15 stations using Sea-Sun, RCM 9 LW probes, an Expert product meter and an Oximeter and a transparent meter. The work was carried out in conditions close to calm. Intensive measurements yielded interesting results.

The structure of flow velocity fields and water composition parameters in the Petrozavodsk Bay was revealed. A bottom thermally stratified current was discovered that transferred impurities from the bay to the open lake. The flow path ran along the line of maximum depths away from the water intake zone of the water supply system in Petrozavodsk.

	Petrozavodsk Bay of Lake Onega

Thus, the flow recorded and investigated in detail by us prevented the dangerous involvement of pollution from the Shuya River in this system. Such involvement is especially strong in the periods of development of the spring and autumn thermal bar in the lake. The bulk of the impurities, at least significant, was transported from the mouth of the river. Shuya current discovered by our expedition. The thickness of the near-bottom flow propagating at depths of up to 35 m was 2–4 m, and the velocity reached 12 cm / s. Upon exiting the bay into the open lake, the current detached from the bottom and moved in the form of an underwater jet over the surface of higher density waters.

Work on the expedition on Lake Onega was carried out from dawn to dusk and even around the clock	Preparation for measuring the distribution of temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity of the water and the concentration of dissolved oxygen. 5th year student E.A. Litvinov

Regular observations were made at the diurnal station on the axial line of the recorded flow with measurements of the flow velocity profiles over the entire depth from the surface to the bottom at a point with a depth of 26 m every 10 minutes with a Doppler meter RDCP-600 placed on the bottom. At the same time, temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity, concentration of dissolved oxygen, and changes in the level of the surface of the water were measured with the same discreteness.

At the same time, Sea-Sun, RCM 9 LW probes, an Expert product oximeter and an oximeter and a transparent meter developed at our department carried out detailed recordings of vertical distributions of temperature, water conductivity, dissolved oxygen concentrations, suspended solids, and chlorophyll-a with 30-minute increments. The structure of the currents was determined mainly by strong drift currents caused by the wind from the side of the open lake. The processes of energy transfer from the drift flow to the bottom and the accompanying transformations of temperature distributions and impurity concentrations, including the effect of bottom erosion by the flow, were recorded and tracked in detail. Developed in such conditions (southeast wind), the overtaking circulation provided for the active flow of cold water from the open lake to the Petrozavodsk Bay. Bottom flow from the lip during this period was absent.

A similar in composition of the measured parameters and method, but a shorter series of soundings was carried out in the central part of the Petrozavodsk Bay during the period of developing excitement under other synoptic conditions determined by the south-west wind. September 19 had to interrupt work for several hours due to a storm warning. No matter how I wanted to continue the measurements in excitement, they do not joke with the elements. However, the data that were obtained in this series of observations made it possible to trace the evolution of the flow structures throughout the depth of the lake with an increase in the drift flow with a characteristic Ekman rotation of the current velocity vector with increasing depth. In the 3-5-meter bottom layer, over which intensive mixing of waters developed, there was a gravitational density flow from the bay to the open lake, enhanced by energy transfer from the drift current with a geostrophic rotation of the velocity vector. The hydrodynamic stability of this flow was maintained, despite the excitement. It was provided by a lower temperature of the bottom waters and by equalizing the distribution of the density of water in the overlying layers. Moreover, an additional decrease in the temperature of bottom waters in the bay was associated with a synoptic and hydrodynamic situation, the measurements of which were carried out in the previous series of soundings

The results of the final section along the axial line of the Petrozavodsk Bay under conditions of weak waves generally confirmed the above conclusions of the initial analysis of the data obtained in the first section and in two series of soundings using the Doppler current profiler RDCP-600, placed at the bottom (at autonomous buoy stations). As in the first section, work was carried out using Sea -Sun, RCM 9 LW multi-parameter probes, an Expert product and Oximeter and a transparent meter. The emission of turbidity clouds was recorded, containing suspensions with pollution from the bottom stratified current to the surface of the water. This effect, important from the point of view of taking into account the effects of such currents on the processes of water quality formation, was also recorded in a series of soundings at urgent stations.

In the course of research on Lake Onega, circulating and bottom stratified currents were discovered. The spatio-temporal transformations of the structures of the fields of current velocity and water composition parameters are considered. New data on the influence of hydrodynamic processes on the transport of impurities in the Petrozavodsk Bay of the lake are obtained.

Now the most interesting part is to analyze the results of hydrophysical studies, as well as data on the distributions of the hydrochemical characteristics of the lake’s waters, obtained by our colleagues from the Institute of Northern Water Problems of the Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Methods of mathematical modeling of the observed processes will be developed. Theoretical work is enough for the whole year. And in the summer - new expeditions to the seas, lakes and reservoirs with the participation of students, graduate students and employees of the Department of Sea and Land Physics.

Students of the 530th group

Dolgopolov Yu.M., Litvinov E.A.