The history of the city of Kostanay dates back to 1868, namely, on October 21, 1868, the Government of Emperor Alexander II issued the “Temporary Regulation on the Management in the Steppe Regions of the Orenburg and West Siberian Governor-Generals.” This document provided for the division of the Orenburg Governor-General into two areas - Ural and Turgai. In December 1879, Governor-General N.A. Kryzhanovsky agreed to the construction of the settlement. In the summer of 1879, the first batch of immigrants from Orenburg arrived at the place of planned development - more than 1000 people. Arriving settlers settled on the left bank of Tobol. It was quite a convenient place for the construction of a new city, as there was a lot of stone and flagstone that can be used in construction. The construction was proceeding as planned and already in 1893 the settlement received the official status of a city with the name Nikolaevsk. The name Nikolaevsk brought a number of inconveniences especially for the work of the post office, as there were several cities with the same name in Russia. Therefore, in February 1895, the highest command of the last emperor of Russia, the city of Novonikolaevsk was given the name Kustanai and the county - Kustanai. The city developed rapidly and by the beginning of the 20th century, the city was with developed infrastructure for that time. An interesting fact is that the city has a brewery, which was built at the expense of the Swiss, at the beginning of the 20th century it was a large factory in the entire Southern Urals and in the territory of modern Kazakhstan. The city had schools, shops, a bazaar and much more that allowed it to have the status of a city. The city was a major trading center and was an important link connecting Asia and Russia. In 1911, over 25 thousand people lived in Kustanai - twice as many as in Akmolinsk. The city was multinational. Kazakhs and Russians, Bukhara and Poles, Bashkirs and Tatars, as well as other peoples lived here side by side. Many caravan converged here
roads, artisans worked, trading people flourished - local fairs were famous throughout the Urals. Rich citizens, the city developed, the houses of merchants grew. Some examples of architecture from the beginning of the 20th century have survived to this day - the former trading house of the merchant Yaushev, a mosque, the building of the Furor cinema, which today houses the Russian drama theater, and a number of other historical and cultural objects. During the Great Patriotic War, enterprises of the Soviet Union were evacuated to the city - the Bolshevichka sewing factory from Kherson, part of the equipment of the leather factory arrived from Simferopol, and a staple and artificial fiber plant came from Klin. It was the evacuated factories and factories that laid the foundation of the industrial infrastructure in the steppe city, gave impetus to its economic 
development. In the mid-1950s, transport-air communication and the construction of roads began to develop. The development of the virgin and fallow lands had a huge impact on the development of the city. Kustanay was one of the centers of the virgin epic. It was during this period that the Kustanai region rapidly developed as an agrarian and industrial region.
In the period from 1954 to 1956, more than 150 thousand new settlers of approximately 40 nationalities arrived in Kustanai region. According to census data, the population of the region in 1959 already totaled 710,690 people. On June 17, 1997, by decree of the President of Kazakhstan, the transcription of the name of the city of Kustanai in Russian was changed to the city of Kostanay, and the Kustanai region to Kostanay region.
In the year of celebrating the 100th anniversary of the founding of the city of Kostanay, the emblem of the city was approved. Today Kostanay is a large administrative center of Kazakhstan, and the region is the largest supplier of grain crops. Kostanay is a modern city with modern architecture.
Literature:
- “Kostanay region: past and present” part 1., ed. I.K. Ternovoy -, Kostanay, 2003
- Regional scientific-practical conference "70 years of the Kostanay region: past, present and future." Conference proceedings. - Kostanay, 2006,
- "Kustanay - Kostanay: an outline of history (from 1936 to 2013)." Ed. Candidate of Historical Sciences, Professor
- I.K. Ternovoy. T. II.- Kostanay: Kostanaypoligrafiya LLP, 2013,
- Website of the Statistics Agency of the Kostanai region www.kostanai.stat.kz
- Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia - http: //ru.wikipedia
What are some interesting places
There are approximately 30 cultural institutions in Kostanay, which include drama theaters: Russian and Kazakh, a philharmonic society, a cinema, two museums. For example, the Kostanay Regional Philharmonic invites you to join the treasures of the musical heritage of Russian and world classics. And in the toy museum, by the way - the only one in Kazakhstan, a huge number of exclusive toys from different countries and times are collected. Fans of outdoor activities and entertainment will surely like the sports complex of the Ice Palace and the water park, built in the form of a huge octopus.
The city itself is almost immersed in greenery, and Victory Park and Central Square, decorated with fountains and flower beds, have become the favorite vacation spots for citizens and guests. Also, several beaches on the banks of the Tobol River (municipal and private) are designed for recreation, on which all kinds of water activities are offered to vacationers. And around the city there are various camp sites where, if desired, you can rent a cottage and have a great rest surrounded by nature.
Prices in hotels and shops
On the territory of Kostanay and Kostanay region, the national currency of Kazakhstan - tenge. The exchange rate is currently the following: 1 US dollar is approximately 185 tenge, 1 Russian ruble is approximately 5.25 tenge. Money exchange points are located in all banks, savings banks, large stores, travel agencies and hotels.
In Kostanay and near it there are about a dozen hotels and hotel and health centers. The cost of a room per day in hotels ranges from 1,500 tenge (budget option) to 8,000 (3 and 4 star categories), and can also be more than 14,000 tenge.
Kostanay's chain of stores is represented by both large shopping centers and small shops. Prices for various goods are approximately equal to the average Russian, perhaps a little lower. Also in the city there are a lot of cafes, bars and restaurants specializing in various cuisines of the world. On average, lunch will cost 500-1000 tenge.
History of the city of Kostanay
In 1879, a small settlement was formed on the left bank of the Tobol River by Russian and Ukrainian immigrants. Since 1893, this settlement acquired the status of a city and it was named Nikolaevsk, later the city was named Kustanay. Initially, only small enterprises processing agricultural raw materials were located in the city, as well as small oil mills and tanneries. But since the beginning of the 20th century, Kustanai has become the largest trade fair center in the Kazakh steppes. In 12-13 years, a railway line was built here in the direction of Chelyabinsk-Kustanai and the Kustanai station was opened. Then, a Swiss citizen named Lorets built here the largest brewery in the South Urals, which is still operating.
In the post-war years, the population of Kostanay and the region grew at times in connection with the development of virgin lands. Since then, the territory of the region and the city itself has become a place of growing a large number of crops.
In 1997, by decree of the President of Kazakhstan, the official Russian name of the city was changed to Kostanay.
Natural resources
In the Kostanay region, a large number of lakes (more than 5000) and rivers (310), the most large rivers are Tobol and Torgay. Kostanay is especially famous for its sources of mineral waters and sulphide-silt mud, which treat many diseases. Mineral waters are similar in composition to the waters of such well-known sources as Essentuki, Pyatigorsk and Karlovy Vary.
On the basis of mineral springs 45 km from Kostanay there is the Sosnovy Bor sanatorium, which is rightly called the pearl of the Kostanay region. The sanatorium has all the conditions for healing a wide range of people. It treats diseases of the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, musculoskeletal system, metabolic disorders, gynecological and skin diseases, and others. The following methods are used in the treatment: water and mud therapy, inhalation, physiotherapy, physiotherapy exercises, various types of massage. But in the sanatorium you can not only heal, but just relax perfectly. On its territory there is a sports complex, tennis courts, a pool and a children's health camp.
190 km south of Kostanay lies the amazing Nurzum Nature Reserve. Its pride and main attraction is the relict pine forest. Another attraction of the reserve is the system of fresh lakes Aksaut and salt and fresh lakes Sarymoyin. Many foreign tourists come to this reserve and the surrounding forests to enjoy the beauty and silence of nature, in summer you can pick mushrooms and berries, and in winter ski.
In the tract of the Tobol River is the beautiful city of Kostanay. This administrative center dates back to the end of the 19th century. Kostanay, the sights of which embodied the synthesis of the spirit of past eras and the achievements of modernity, is one of the attractive tourist centers. Therefore, it is important for the traveler to know what places to visit in Kostanay.
Kostanay (until 1895 - Nikolaevsk) emerged as a shopping center and a center for processing agricultural products. He was the most important point on the way from Asia to Russia. Caravan routes passed through the city of Kostanay, crafts flourished. Fairs held in the city were famous throughout the Urals.
The prosperity of the city was reflected in its architecture, places of worship, which constituted the cultural attractions of Kostanay. If you want to give the impression of a special direction in the architecture of the 19th century - the so-called red Siberian style ”- then walk through the center of the regional center. Here you will see two-story buildings that do not have blank walls. They are distinguished by curly brickwork, the presence of blended windows, original towers and cornices.
Therefore, if you are looking for where to go in Kostanay, then begin your acquaintance with the city from such historically significant places as:
- Passage of the merchant Yaushev, or Regional Museum of Local History.
This is one of the oldest buildings in the city of Kostanay. In the city planning documents of 1903, this building is written as a trading building constructed as a passage with many galleries. Its architecture is a typical embodiment of modernity.
After the owner’s family emigrated, for some time the building fulfilled its direct purpose. During the Second World War, there were exhibits of the Moscow Historical Museum. In peacetime, the building housed the museum of local lore. Here is an excellent collection of weapons and a photo documentary fund.
- Regional art gallery and art school.
This museum is located near the house of Yaushev. It is also located in an architectural monument of the nineteenth century. The gallery has three large halls, which host works of famous artists of Kostanay. Here you can see paintings by Nikolai Torshin and Sergei Lugovoi, the works of Svetlana Shalunova and Bayan Batalova.
Here is presented not only a permanent exhibition of portraits, still lifes and landscapes, but also personal exhibitions of contemporary painting are held. In the art salon of the gallery you can order or purchase a picture.
On the central square of the city is an old building - a male gymnasium. Take time for this architectural masterpiece. It is a vivid embodiment of the unique modern style of the early twentieth century.
- Kostanay Cathedral Mosque, or Maral Ishan Mosque.
Its construction is connected with the same merchant Yaushev. The mosque was built in 1893. Most of the money for its construction was given by Abdulvali Akhmetzhanovich Yaushev, partly by residents of the Tatar settlement.
This is a beautiful snow-white building with three minarets. For some time it was used as a concert hall, and now it is an active religious building.
- Cathedral of Constantine-Eleninsky Cathedral.
This is a relatively new building (construction lasted until 2005). The building looks majestic and magnificent. It reigns in a special blissful atmosphere. Here are original icons with particles of the relics of St. St. Nicholas of Alma-Ata, St. Blessed Matrona of Moscow. There is a myrrh-streaming cross.
- Memorial Museum and Monument to Ibrai Altynsarin.
Ibrai Altynsarin is a prominent teacher who opened in Kostanay in the mid-1880s. school. He is known for actively engaged in the enlightenment of the Kazakh people, opened secular educational institutions: craft schools, schools for girls.
In the cultural and historical part of the city is the regional museum of memory of the educator. Not far from it is a monument and a boarding school for gifted children. The memorial complex is a reconstruction of the school created by the great teacher. The museum’s collection contains more than 11 thousand exhibits that tell about the formation of the public education system in the region, the history of the life and work of I. Altynsarin.
- Monument to B. Mailin
The monument to one of the founders of Kazakh literature is located at the forecourt. The bust of the playwright, 2 m high, is lined with marble. Of particular interest is the curly carving on which the pedestal is decorated.
- Monument to Kazybek bi.
Lined with white marble, the monument depicts a famous Kazakh judge. Kazybek bi Keldybekuly, according to folk tales, is one of the judges who reviewed and finalized the “Code of laws of Tauke-khan”.
In the time of Abylai, he realized his abilities as a diplomat and leader, organized uprisings against the Dzungars, took part in the release of Abylai Khan from captivity.
- Monument to Akhmet Baitursynov.
The monument is located near the Central Park, near the university. Akhmet Baitursynov - a famous Turkologist, linguist, literary critic - belongs to the generation of the repressed intelligentsia of Kazakhstan. He was shot in 1937.
- Monuments of the Soviet era.
This is a separate page in the history of Kostanay and the region, embodied in the monuments. The monument “Conquerors of the virgin lands” will remind you of the time of development of virgin lands, the “Locomotive” is a memorial dedicated to the first Komsomol members who arrived from Ukraine to develop virgin lands.
Pay attention to the memorial dedicated to those who died during the Second World War. It is located in Victory Park. Here you can see the Museum of military equipment in the open.
- Waterpark "Octopus" and "Ice Palace".
These are great places to spend time. Here you can have fun and usefully spend time, entertain the children and relax.
- Theaters of Kostanay.
Kostanay is a cultural center. Theaters will be happy to visit the Regional Russian Drama Theater or the Regional Kazakh Drama Theater named after Omarov, children will enjoy puppet theater performances.
- Parks and park areas.
The opening of the park "25th anniversary of Independence of Kazakhstan" took place in the summer of 2017. Now it is a new recreation center in Kostanay. Come here to admire the beauties of the Tobol River and fountains, look at the evening lighting that makes this place beautiful.
We recommend you enjoy the natural beauties of Kostanay - take a walk in the parks: the city park of culture and leisure, the Yunnaty park, Youth Boulevard. By the way, near the central park there is a clock tower - one of the attractions of the city.
- Necropolis of "Bestamak".
Those who are interested in history and archeology are advised to visit the Bestamak necropolis. To see the excavations, you will have to drive 190 km from Kostanay towards the Ubagan River, the right tributary of the Tobol River. Near its source, in the northern part of the Turgay trough, there is a necropolis. The discoveries made by archaeologists at this place show that people lived here from the Stone Age to the Middle Ages.
Kostanay is an interesting city in which several centuries have converged - the last century with its merchant traditions and artsy style in architecture and new original buildings made of glass and concrete. Visit Kostanay museums. They will tell a lot about this land, its history and culture. Enjoy nature, protected areas and entertainment centers!
Kazakhstan has a city whose history began back in 1879, when the first settlers appeared on the shore. They came here from various provinces.
origin of name
The formed village occupied 13.5 thousand acres of land and was named Nikolaevsky. But in 1885, having become a county town of the Turgai province, it was renamed Kostanay. From the Kazakh language, this word was translated as "parking of the Kazakh tribe." It was formed from two components: "braid" - a yurt, and "Tanay" - a Kazakh tribe. In 1884, a church, court, school and other public buildings were built on its territory. By 1913, the city of Kostanay was replenished with new residents. Its population reached 28,300 people, whose main activity was agriculture.
Further development
This was possible due to its location on fertile chernozem lands. Widely developed trade. The city of Kostanay served as a commercial platform for such goods as salt, fish, leather, wool, grain, furs, flour, meat, beer and other agricultural products. In order to expand the delivery of products to other regions of Russia, a railway was built in 1913.
Industry in the city began to develop only after several enterprises producing shoes, artificial fiber, and clothes were evacuated to its territory during the Patriotic War. In order to ensure their work, as well as the comfort of the workers, they began to lay engineering networks, equip the city, and green the streets.
Age of Prosperity
In the postwar years, the city of Kostanay continued its development. They mastered on which people were engaged in mining: bauxite, asbestos, ores. Today, the development of the city continues. Its population is about 240,000 people. More recently, an international airport was built.
Schools of the city of Kostanay are comprehensive. There are 51 of them. But there is also the name of A. I. Nikiforov. In addition to industrial enterprises, two higher educational institutions, a philharmonic society, libraries, cultural palaces, theaters, and a museum are located on the territory of the settlement. The city of Kostanay can be called the cultural center of the eponymous region.
Memory of centuries
The main streets of the city of Kostanay, and at first there were only ten of them, were witnesses of the events that took place here throughout its existence. Most often, street names reflect the historical past, the names of the heroes. And at the end of the 19th century they were called here according to the name of the provinces, where the settlers arrived from: Tomsk, Penza, Tashkent, Samara, Troitskaya, Orenburg and others.
The main street was Bolshaya. She ran from the Tobol River to the railway station. It housed the houses of wealthy merchants - Yaushev, Kargin - as well as grocery stores and shopping malls. Soviet power gave this street a new name - Proletarian. Two years later, she began to be called Soviet. And after two more - by Lenin Street. But more than once she had to go through the renaming. In 1975, it became Leninsky Prospekt, and in 2000 - Al-Farabi Avenue.
In general, many streets in the city with the advent of Soviet power began to be called differently. And this is not surprising. Tsarskaya became the street of Leo Tolstoy, Barabashevskaya was renamed in honor of Lawrence Taran. But this happened in many cities at that time. The main thing is that the renaming does not affect what was located on these streets. And in Kostanay, you can see many interesting buildings and monuments on them.
Cultural sites
The city center of Kostanay is interesting in that there is a regional museum of local lore. It was discovered back in 1915. Only here you can get complete information about the region. The exposition consists of 112 thousand exhibits. In the museum you can find out what was on the local land in ancient times, how rich the Kostanay region is today, how the World War II affected the city and many other significant facts.
But not only this is interesting for the city of Kostanay. House 85-A on Gogol Street is a toy museum. There are 5,000 exhibits in it. Until now, everyone can replenish the museum's exposition. And the toys here are very different. These are dolls and soldiers, cars and weapons, cheburashki, pistols and many other children's entertainment. All exhibits are unique. There is even a female Egyptian figurine, which was made in the II millennium BC.
Where to go?
No wonder Kostanay is considered cultural. Here is the regional drama theater. Omarov, who often takes part in republican festivals. He presents to the public both adult and children's performances. The studio is based on it. Russian Drama Theater is also a must visit. It was founded back in 1922. Now it is combined with a puppet theater. The performances of his actors were awarded prestigious awards even at international festivals. Well, do not forget to look into the Philharmonic. The first place of its location was the building of the regional drama theater. Now here you can hear musicians working in various directions. Moreover, music is played not only by Kazakh.
Interesting and modern monuments of the city. For example, a monument to Charlie Chaplin. The famous actor is depicted in full growth with a bowler hat and cane. It is located near the building of the Kazakh-French cultural center. The sculpture of a girl with a laptop, made of bronze, also attracts tourists. This is a monument reflecting modern reality. Many want to take pictures next to him.
The city of Kostanay is a thriving cultural, scientific and industrial center of Kazakhstan. If you want to see how a small settlement developed on the banks of the Tobol River in a relatively short period of time, be sure to come here.
Geographic Encyclopedia
Modern Encyclopedia
- (in 1893 95 Nikolaevsk) a city in Kazakhstan, the center of the Kustanai region, on the river. Tobol. Railway junction. 233.9 thousand inhabitants (1991). Food, light industry. Chemical fiber software. Metalworking. 2 universities. Theatre of Drama. Museum of Local Lore. ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Exist., Number of synonyms: 2 city (2765) Nikolaev (3) Dictionary of synonyms ASIS. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary
City in the Turgai region., In the 919 century. from Orenburg, on the Tobol river. K. grew up with amazing speed, an American model. The extraordinary fertility of the surrounding steppe soil, the non-stop growth of trade and industry allow him now ... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron
Kustanay - (in 1893 95 Nikolaevsk), a city, a regional center in Kazakhstan, on the Tobol River. 233.9 thousand inhabitants. Railway junction. Food (flour, meat and other), chemical (fiber), metal industry. 2 universities. 3 museums (including ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (in 1893 95 Nikolaevsk), a city in Kazakhstan, the center of the Kustanai region, on the river. Tobol. Railway junction. 232.1 thousand inhabitants (1995). Food, light industry. Khimvolokno software. Metalworking. 2 universities. Theatre of Drama. Local history ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
- (in 1893 95 Nikolaevsk) the city, the center of the Kustanai region of the Kazakh SSR. Located on the left bank of the river. Tobol. Node w. d. lines to Chelyabinsk, Tobol, Virgin Sands. 134 thousand inhabitants (1972; in 1939 34 thousand inhabitants). Founded in 1883; the rights… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia
City, c. Kustanai region Kazakh. SSR (since 1936), f. D. node; located on the river. Tobol. Jan 1 1964 108 p. (in 1897 it was 14.3 tons, in 1923 it was 21 tons, in 1939 it was 33.5 tons, in 1959 it was 86 tons). DOS in 1879, received the rights of the city in 1893. In 1912, 13 K. was ... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia
Kustanay - city, c. Kustanai region, Kazakhstan. It was founded in 1883 in Russian. and Ukrainian immigrants in the tract Kustanay (Kazakh. Kostanay). Etymology is not established; perhaps the name is associated with some kind of subdivision of the Kazakh, a kind of tan who once lived in ... ... Toponymic Dictionary